CIMS环境下企业建模的研究及其应用
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摘要
PDM实施是一个长期的、复杂的、系统的工程，而企业又是一个非常复杂的有机整体，为了降低PDM实施风险，以更高效率进行信息共享，更好的优化企业流程，在实施过程中，必须有一套科学的实施方法学来指导PDM实施人员，而企业建模是认识企业的基础，也是改造企业的客观需求。本论文所要研究的内容就是PDM实施方法学中的对企业建模的方法、模型描述能力进行研究，通过对企业的流程和数据进行分析，建立企业优化后的功能与信息模型。论文研究工作是以煤矿机械行业设计制造部门的PDM系统为研究重点，将面向对象的IDEF建模方法首次应用到煤矿机械行业的工程设计系统，并在这些模型的基础上提出了煤矿机械行业的GT／CAD／CAPP／PDM／ERP的集成框架。
论文的第一个主要工作是从面向对象的思想出发，提出了煤矿机械行业工程设计系统建模框架，即从对象的观点来考虑和优化系统内部的功能结构和信息，从产品设计、制造的流程并行化来考虑控制信息的运行状况，从而达到整个企业设计、制造信息有效共享的目的，提高系统的信息利用率和改进企业不合理的工作流程。论文以张煤机公司PDM项目实施为背景，利用面向对象的IDEF方法建立了该公司设计技术部门功能与信息模型，并应用到实践当中，通过比较张煤机PDM项目实施前后的信息共享程度和实施过程难易程度，从而完成了功能模型和信息模型的实证研究。
论文的第二个主要工作是在成组技术思想指导下，首次提出了煤矿机械行业的基于GT思想的CAD／CAPP／PDM／ERP的集成框架，指出了基于GT思想的产品编码方案是实现CAD／CAPP／PDM／ERP集成的关键。并设计出了基于GT的CAD／CAPP／PDM／ERP集成框架的张煤机产品零部件编码方案，此方案充分考虑张煤机的实际情况，同时又包含了CAD、CAPP、PDM、ERP集成的特点和对编码的要求，得到各方面人士的一致认可。
As a kind of supporting technology of CIMS, PDM has been applied in, more and more enterprises. Many enterprises have implemented PDM, and many other enterprises are going to introduce PDM too. All of them expect to manage a great deal of enterprises data efficiently and safely, realize the integration of enterprises information, improve management level, shorten the period of product design and manufacturing, reduce the cost of products and simplify the structures of products.
PDM implementation is a long-term, complicated and systematic project, and the structure and function of enterprises are very complicated. In order to reduce the risk of PDM implementation, engineers must be guided by scientific implementation methodology. Enterprise modeling is the base to objectively analyze the requirement and workflow of enterprise and to reform the enterprise workflow correctly. The means of enterprise modeling and the ability of model description are mainly discussed in this paper. After analyzing the workflow and data of enterprise, this paper established the functional model and information model that had already been optimized. All these research work is based on the PDM system of the design department of colliery machine industry. Object-oriented IDEF is applied originally in the design department of colliery machinery industry. The integration framework of group technology, CAD, CAPP, PDM and ERP is put forward based on these models for the first time.
The main work is that this paper introduces firstly the modeling framework of the design system of colliery machinery industry based on the Object-oriented idea, that is to consider and optimize the functional structure and information of the system from the viewpoint of
Object-Oriented, and to consider the running statuses of control information from the viewpoint of concurrent the workflows of product design and manufacture. All these are in order to share efficiently design and manufacturing information in the whole enterprise and improve information utility and get rid of unreasonable workflows. Based on the PDM project of design department, Zhangjiakou Colliery Machinery Company ( ZMJ) , we established the functional and information models for the Technique Center using Object-oriented IDEF and put these models into practice. By comparing the extent of information shared before and after PDM implementation, we accomplished the demonstration validation of functional model and information model.
Another work is that this paper introduces firstly colliery machinery industry's integration framework of CAD/CAPP/PDM/ERP based on group technology and pointing out that product coding scheme based on group technology is the key to realize the integration of CAD/CAPP/PDM/ERP. We also put forward a coding scheme of components and parts of ZMJ's products, which fully consider the practical situation of ZMJ and the request of integration of CAD, CAPP, PDM and ERP.
论文的第一个主要工作是从面向对象的思想出发，提出了煤矿机械行业工程设计系统建模框架，即从对象的观点来考虑和优化系统内部的功能结构和信息，从产品设计、制造的流程并行化来考虑控制信息的运行状况，从而达到整个企业设计、制造信息有效共享的目的，提高系统的信息利用率和改进企业不合理的工作流程。论文以张煤机公司PDM项目实施为背景，利用面向对象的IDEF方法建立了该公司设计技术部门功能与信息模型，并应用到实践当中，通过比较张煤机PDM项目实施前后的信息共享程度和实施过程难易程度，从而完成了功能模型和信息模型的实证研究。
论文的第二个主要工作是在成组技术思想指导下，首次提出了煤矿机械行业的基于GT思想的CAD／CAPP／PDM／ERP的集成框架，指出了基于GT思想的产品编码方案是实现CAD／CAPP／PDM／ERP集成的关键。并设计出了基于GT的CAD／CAPP／PDM／ERP集成框架的张煤机产品零部件编码方案，此方案充分考虑张煤机的实际情况，同时又包含了CAD、CAPP、PDM、ERP集成的特点和对编码的要求，得到各方面人士的一致认可。
As a kind of supporting technology of CIMS, PDM has been applied in, more and more enterprises. Many enterprises have implemented PDM, and many other enterprises are going to introduce PDM too. All of them expect to manage a great deal of enterprises data efficiently and safely, realize the integration of enterprises information, improve management level, shorten the period of product design and manufacturing, reduce the cost of products and simplify the structures of products.
PDM implementation is a long-term, complicated and systematic project, and the structure and function of enterprises are very complicated. In order to reduce the risk of PDM implementation, engineers must be guided by scientific implementation methodology. Enterprise modeling is the base to objectively analyze the requirement and workflow of enterprise and to reform the enterprise workflow correctly. The means of enterprise modeling and the ability of model description are mainly discussed in this paper. After analyzing the workflow and data of enterprise, this paper established the functional model and information model that had already been optimized. All these research work is based on the PDM system of the design department of colliery machine industry. Object-oriented IDEF is applied originally in the design department of colliery machinery industry. The integration framework of group technology, CAD, CAPP, PDM and ERP is put forward based on these models for the first time.
The main work is that this paper introduces firstly the modeling framework of the design system of colliery machinery industry based on the Object-oriented idea, that is to consider and optimize the functional structure and information of the system from the viewpoint of
Object-Oriented, and to consider the running statuses of control information from the viewpoint of concurrent the workflows of product design and manufacture. All these are in order to share efficiently design and manufacturing information in the whole enterprise and improve information utility and get rid of unreasonable workflows. Based on the PDM project of design department, Zhangjiakou Colliery Machinery Company ( ZMJ) , we established the functional and information models for the Technique Center using Object-oriented IDEF and put these models into practice. By comparing the extent of information shared before and after PDM implementation, we accomplished the demonstration validation of functional model and information model.
Another work is that this paper introduces firstly colliery machinery industry's integration framework of CAD/CAPP/PDM/ERP based on group technology and pointing out that product coding scheme based on group technology is the key to realize the integration of CAD/CAPP/PDM/ERP. We also put forward a coding scheme of components and parts of ZMJ's products, which fully consider the practical situation of ZMJ and the request of integration of CAD, CAPP, PDM and ERP.
引文
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[2] 陈子辰、唐任仲．21世纪制造业面临的挑战及对策．机电工程，1998，1：p26-28
[3] Wu Chen, Liu Ming. An AI view in contemporary integrated manufacturing. IEEE, Intelligent Control in Industry and Society, July, Beijing, 1999, p1～3
[4] Wu Chen. Contemporary integrated manufacturing systems. International Conference on Computer Integrated Manufacturing (ICCIM2000) Singapore 2001.3
[5] 徐晓飞，田雨华，薛劲松．计算机集成制造系统知识新解．北京：兵器工业出版社，2000
[6] 熊光楞，张和明，李伯虎．并行工程在我国的研究与应用．计算机集成制造系统．2000，6(2)：p1-6
[7] 徐晓飞，天雨华，薛劲松．计算机集成制造系统知识新解．兵器工业出版社，2000
[8] 王林平，华吉鹏．CIMS实施模式与实施方法研究．航空制造工程．1997，10．p33-36
[9] 李伯虎．走出中国CIMS成功之路，计算机集成制造系统，1996，2：p62-66
[10] Dursun Delen. An enterprise modeling and analysis toolkit. Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference.
[11] 姚永明．产品数据管理(PDM)．机械制造与研究，2000，3：p29-30
[12] 肖颖．PDM应用系统的开发及其相关技术的研究[硕士学位论文]．浙江大学，2002
[13] 沈小笛，郑应平．多学科team work的组织结构研究．系统工程理论方法应用．1996，5(1)：p2-7
[14] The power of PDM. MANUFACTURE ENGINEER DECEMBER, 2001, p224-228
[15] (德)约瑟大．萧塔纳(Schottner,J.)著：祁国宁译 制造企业的产品数据管理：原理、概念、策略 机械工业出版社，2000．9
[16] 赵敏．走近PDM.http://www.ufcbj.com/zhuanti/pdm.htm
[17] Miller E.PDM Today. Computer-Aided Engineering, 1997,14 (9): 32-41
[18] Marsh, M.CIM: integration into the next century. Circuits Assembly, 1997,8 (9): p60,62,64'65
[19] 李原，李建军，何为平，等．基于PDM的Cax集成技术研究．制造业自动化，2000，22(1)：p23-26
[20] 文武．IMAN集团级PDM．计算机辅助设计与制造，2000，2：p13-18
[21] 李建明，童秉枢，许隆文．产品数据管理技术的的现状与发展．计算机集成制造系统，1998，6：p35-39
[22] 杨友明．pdm在企业的实施．制造业自动化，2000．7
[23] 周鸿亮，赵敏．走入PDM.http://www.ufcbj.com
[24] 范玉顺，王刚，高展著．企业建模理论与方法学导论．清华大学出版社，2001，1
[25] Yiru Dai, Juanwei Yan, Guangqiang Tang. Research on Enterprise Modeling Architecture and Supporting Tool for Agile Manufacturing. World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation.2002 p2575-2579
[26] 建模方法论http://agilesun.tongji.edu.cn/cimsfomm/appbase/.2001
[27] CIM--OSA http://www. 863cims.net/MonographicTech 2001
[28] CIMOSA. http://cimosa.cnt.pl/News/n990215.htm. 1999
[29] 战德臣，徐晓飞，张林虎等．生产管理系统的结构及实现方法．计算机集成制造系统，1998，8：p30-34
[30] 严隽薇，乔非，贺飞鸣等．基于ARIS的集成化企业模型体系和建模方法的研究和应用．上海：同济大学CIMS研究中心，1999
[31] Chen yuliu, Tseng M M, yien J. Economic view of CIM system architecture. Production Planning and Control, 1998,9 (3) : p241-249
[32] 周永华，陈禹六，赵天奇．经营过程建模．计算机集成制造系统，2002，1：p16-22
[33] 范玉顺，吴澄．基于Petri网的企业CIM系统建模方法研究．机械科学与技术，1997，9：p898-903
[34] 陈禹六著．IDEF建模分析和设计方法．清华大学出版社，1999
[35] Ross D T. Structured Analysis (SA) :A language for communicating ideas. IEEE Trans. On software Engineering, SE-3,1999: p6-15
[36] 谢列卫，程要东．复杂系统通用的功能分析方法IDEFO及其应用，浙江工业大学学报。1998，26 (4)，p324-329
[37] 朱川，陈宏．CAC-CIMS分布数据库设计．航空科学技术．2001．6p25-29
[38] 企业建模与分析方法的发展趋势．http://agilesun.tongji.edu.cn/cimsforum/appbase/.2001
[39] 范玉顺，曹军威．复杂系统的面向对象建模、分析与设计．清华大学出版社．2000
[40] 王新．传统结构化和面向对象软件开发方法的探讨，云南民族学院学报，1999，7p76-80
[41] 熊模华，韩忠厚，钟毅芳等，CIMS的一种面向对象的IDEFO建模方法．华中理工大学学报．1998，6 p76-78
[42] 马鹏举，梁正和，丁玉成等．在敏捷制造中基于成组技术的相似零件的获取方法．机械科学与技术．1999，9．p742-744
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