越江盾构隧道耐久性若干关键问题研究
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摘要
随着国民经济的迅猛发展和城市化进程的不断加快,我国越江盾构隧道的建设量正日渐增长。越江盾构隧道多为重大工程,其服役寿命要求高、可维修性差、维修成本高。然而,越江盾构隧道处于复杂的侵蚀性环境中且耐久性影响因素错综复杂。目前国内外学者针对越江盾构隧道等地下结构耐久性的研究是相当不充分的。因此,针对越江盾构隧道耐久性问题开展专题研究十分必要与迫切。
本文结合越江盾构隧道具体环境特点及结构特征,对其耐久性若干关键问题进行了深入探讨,建立了越江盾构隧道结构体系耐久性研究的方法及理论框架体系。
论文开展的研究工作和取得的主要成果有:
1.在对江底土壤及周围环境下,盾构隧道钢筋混凝土管片结构耐久性的影响因素进行深入探讨的基础上,建立了耐久性影响因素的树形结构图。
2.全面论述了管片裂缝成因及裂缝对管片结构耐久性的影响,并在Matlab环境下编写有限元程序模拟了开裂混凝土中氯离子运移分布规律并通过模拟,得出了裂缝深度与钢筋锈蚀时间之间很好的遵循三参数Logistic函数关系的结论。此外,论文建立了裂缝宽度、深度、方位、密度等因素对管片衬砌结构耐久性损伤的隶属度函数及裂缝耐久性损伤的模糊综合评价方法并结合工程实例进行了计算分析。
3.对上海长江隧道上覆第④_1层粘土开展了氯离子渗透特性试验,据以确定了氯离子渗透的迁移参数。在此基础上分别采用解析法和伽辽金有限元法对上海长江隧道上覆土壤骨架及孔隙水中氯离子运移规律进行了计算分析。通过计算分析得出了,在正常情况下,江水中氯离子含量增加、管片渗漏、隧道埋深变浅等因素对长江隧道管片迎水(土)面土壤和地下水中氯离子含量的影响可以忽略的结论。
4.建立了接缝渗漏情条件下,接缝渗漏和管片混凝土中氯离子运移的耦合模型,并在Matlab环境下编写了相应有限元程序。通过采用编制的程序进行计算分析,表明接缝渗漏会显著缩短管片钢筋的锈蚀时间,因此采用防水性能耐久性好的防水材料十分重要。在此基础上,对上海长江隧道三元乙丙接缝防水密封垫在热氧老化条件下的松弛行为开展了试验研究,并据以对密封垫在自然老化条件下的使用寿命进行了预测及建立了橡胶经时老化本构模型。此外,采用Marc软件模拟分析了密封垫的接触应力松弛规律。
最后,根据以上建立的耐久性研究方法和理论框架,对上海长江隧道的耐久性进行了评估并对论文主要成果进行了总结和需进一步工作的方向进行了展望。
With the development of national economy and speedup of urbanization, more and more shield tunnels under river have been built. The shield tunnel under river is an important structure and expected to serve more than 100, has bad maintainability and always requires high maintenance costs. However, it is exposed to complicated aggressive environment and by far little research work has been done on the durability of underground structures as shield tunnel under river and the study is inadequate. So, it is necessary to carry out study on the issues concerns the durability of shield tunnels under water.
Based on an overall analysis on the factors that may influence the durability of subaqueous shield tunnel, this paper develop methodology and theory frame for its durability study. Main works are summarized as fellow:
1. Analyzed and classified all the factors may influence the durability of river shield tunnel by their property and established corresponding tree diagram.
2. Based on the cause analysis of segment crack and the discussion of relationship between crack and durability, a FEM program was developed in Matlab environment to simulate the transportation and distribution of chloride in cracked segment concrete. According to the simulation, the relationship between crack depth and rust time of reinforced bar can be well formulated with logistic function with three parameters. Besides, the paper established durability damage membership function for segment crack factors as width, depth, orientation and distribution density respectively and conducted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for the above factors using case study.
3. The soil column test was conducted on overlying grey mud clay of the Shanghai Yangtze River tunnel to study its property of chloride transportation and measure its parameters involves chloride transport. Then the paper studied the chloride transportation in soil skeleton using analytic solution and in pore water using Galerkin's method respectively. The study indicates that in normal condition, increase of chloride concentration in Yangtze estuary, decrease of thickness of overlying strata and leakage of segment lining can hardly influence the chloride concentration in soil and groundwater that contact with tunnel segment.
4. A coupling model of chloride transport in seepage water in segment joints and concrete as well as corresponding FEM program was developed. The conclusion was made that joint leakage will remarkably reduce rust time of the reinforced bar of segment lining according to numerical analysis. Consequently, it is of high importances that waterproof gasket work well. Then the thermal-oxidative aging test was conducted on EPDM gasket used in Shanghai Yangtze River tunnel to study its contact stress relaxation behavior. According to the aging test, the paper predicted the service life of gasket at atmospheric temperature using trigram aging model and proposed a time-dependent constitutive model to express the contact stress relaxation of gasket. Besides, the contact stress relaxation of gasket at atmospheric temperature was simulated using Marc. The study shows the waterproof gasket employed in Shanghai Yangtze River tunnel can serve 100 years.
Finally, the paper gave an appraisal on the durability of Shanghai Yangtze River tunnel based on the research finding and established methodology and theory frame for the durability study of subaqueous shield tunnel, made a summary on the research work and delivered expectation on the issues need further study.
本文结合越江盾构隧道具体环境特点及结构特征,对其耐久性若干关键问题进行了深入探讨,建立了越江盾构隧道结构体系耐久性研究的方法及理论框架体系。
论文开展的研究工作和取得的主要成果有:
1.在对江底土壤及周围环境下,盾构隧道钢筋混凝土管片结构耐久性的影响因素进行深入探讨的基础上,建立了耐久性影响因素的树形结构图。
2.全面论述了管片裂缝成因及裂缝对管片结构耐久性的影响,并在Matlab环境下编写有限元程序模拟了开裂混凝土中氯离子运移分布规律并通过模拟,得出了裂缝深度与钢筋锈蚀时间之间很好的遵循三参数Logistic函数关系的结论。此外,论文建立了裂缝宽度、深度、方位、密度等因素对管片衬砌结构耐久性损伤的隶属度函数及裂缝耐久性损伤的模糊综合评价方法并结合工程实例进行了计算分析。
3.对上海长江隧道上覆第④_1层粘土开展了氯离子渗透特性试验,据以确定了氯离子渗透的迁移参数。在此基础上分别采用解析法和伽辽金有限元法对上海长江隧道上覆土壤骨架及孔隙水中氯离子运移规律进行了计算分析。通过计算分析得出了,在正常情况下,江水中氯离子含量增加、管片渗漏、隧道埋深变浅等因素对长江隧道管片迎水(土)面土壤和地下水中氯离子含量的影响可以忽略的结论。
4.建立了接缝渗漏情条件下,接缝渗漏和管片混凝土中氯离子运移的耦合模型,并在Matlab环境下编写了相应有限元程序。通过采用编制的程序进行计算分析,表明接缝渗漏会显著缩短管片钢筋的锈蚀时间,因此采用防水性能耐久性好的防水材料十分重要。在此基础上,对上海长江隧道三元乙丙接缝防水密封垫在热氧老化条件下的松弛行为开展了试验研究,并据以对密封垫在自然老化条件下的使用寿命进行了预测及建立了橡胶经时老化本构模型。此外,采用Marc软件模拟分析了密封垫的接触应力松弛规律。
最后,根据以上建立的耐久性研究方法和理论框架,对上海长江隧道的耐久性进行了评估并对论文主要成果进行了总结和需进一步工作的方向进行了展望。
With the development of national economy and speedup of urbanization, more and more shield tunnels under river have been built. The shield tunnel under river is an important structure and expected to serve more than 100, has bad maintainability and always requires high maintenance costs. However, it is exposed to complicated aggressive environment and by far little research work has been done on the durability of underground structures as shield tunnel under river and the study is inadequate. So, it is necessary to carry out study on the issues concerns the durability of shield tunnels under water.
Based on an overall analysis on the factors that may influence the durability of subaqueous shield tunnel, this paper develop methodology and theory frame for its durability study. Main works are summarized as fellow:
1. Analyzed and classified all the factors may influence the durability of river shield tunnel by their property and established corresponding tree diagram.
2. Based on the cause analysis of segment crack and the discussion of relationship between crack and durability, a FEM program was developed in Matlab environment to simulate the transportation and distribution of chloride in cracked segment concrete. According to the simulation, the relationship between crack depth and rust time of reinforced bar can be well formulated with logistic function with three parameters. Besides, the paper established durability damage membership function for segment crack factors as width, depth, orientation and distribution density respectively and conducted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for the above factors using case study.
3. The soil column test was conducted on overlying grey mud clay of the Shanghai Yangtze River tunnel to study its property of chloride transportation and measure its parameters involves chloride transport. Then the paper studied the chloride transportation in soil skeleton using analytic solution and in pore water using Galerkin's method respectively. The study indicates that in normal condition, increase of chloride concentration in Yangtze estuary, decrease of thickness of overlying strata and leakage of segment lining can hardly influence the chloride concentration in soil and groundwater that contact with tunnel segment.
4. A coupling model of chloride transport in seepage water in segment joints and concrete as well as corresponding FEM program was developed. The conclusion was made that joint leakage will remarkably reduce rust time of the reinforced bar of segment lining according to numerical analysis. Consequently, it is of high importances that waterproof gasket work well. Then the thermal-oxidative aging test was conducted on EPDM gasket used in Shanghai Yangtze River tunnel to study its contact stress relaxation behavior. According to the aging test, the paper predicted the service life of gasket at atmospheric temperature using trigram aging model and proposed a time-dependent constitutive model to express the contact stress relaxation of gasket. Besides, the contact stress relaxation of gasket at atmospheric temperature was simulated using Marc. The study shows the waterproof gasket employed in Shanghai Yangtze River tunnel can serve 100 years.
Finally, the paper gave an appraisal on the durability of Shanghai Yangtze River tunnel based on the research finding and established methodology and theory frame for the durability study of subaqueous shield tunnel, made a summary on the research work and delivered expectation on the issues need further study.
引文
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