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基于图像处理实现的人与机械手象棋对弈系统
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摘要
本文综合运用图像处理技术、串口通讯技术、VC++程序设计及PLC控制机械手技术等设计并实现了一套基于图像处理的人和机械手面对面的象棋对弈系统:人走棋后的棋子的位置分布信息由低成本普通摄像头实时传给计算机,通过图像处理技术判断出人的走步后,上位机再调用预存的象棋规则程序计算出机械手下一步的作战策略,并通过串口通讯技术传给下位机PLC以使其来控制机械手的具体走步。该系统最大的特点在于用图像采集装置来代替传统的位置传感器,利用图像处理结果作为棋子的位置反馈信号,实现了位置信号的非接触式测量,大大节约了系统的成本。
     首先从采集到的象棋盘图像产生几何失真的原因及算法执行的速度、精度方面着手,经过大量的实验分析,得到了适合本系统的快速有效的几何畸变校正方法,成功实现了象棋盘的校正并达到了良好的效果;然后对畸变校正后的图像采用了既能准确提取目标特征又不会消耗太多计算量的颜色提取的算法,实现了红色象棋子的识别;从功能和设计特点等方面考虑完成了硬件设备的选型,并给出了PLC与步进电机的控制电路原理图,实现了系统的硬件设计;从上位机的图像处理模块、串口通讯模块和下位机PLC的控制模块这三个部分着手,以VC为集成软件开发环境,完成了整套系统的软件设计。
     将图像识别技术应用于对机械手操作目标的监测与识别,适应了现代化的工业要求,具有良好的应用与发展前景,因此本课题具有重要的研究意义。
Using image processing technology, serial communication technology,designing technology of VC++ program and technology of manipulator controlledby PLC, this paper designs and achieves a man and manipulator's face to facechess-playing system based on image processing. Whenever man moves one step ofhis chess, the chessboard information is sent to PC through an ordinary andlower-cost pick-up head. And after identifying where man has moved his chessthrough technology of image processing, PC calculates manipulator's next step bycalling chess-playing program prestored in computer, and passes it to PLC throughserial communication which controls manipulator's movement. Usingimage-processing device instead of conventional position sensor is the notablefeature of this system. The system uses the result of image processing as feedbacksignal of chess' positions and achieves the contactless measurement of positionsignal. And benefited from this feature, the cost of the system is greatly decreased.
     Firstly, through large quantity of experiments considering the cause ofchessboard's geometric distortion, the speed and precise of algorithm, we obtaineffective and high speed algorithm which successfully corrects the geometricdistortion with satisfying effect, and the algorithm is especially suitable to thissystem. And after that, using the color extraction algorithm, which can correctlyextract target signature without spending too much calculation, we achieve theidentification of red chess. Thinking of function, designing feature etc, we finishchoosing the type of hardware, give the schematic diagram for circuit of PLC andstepper motor and so achieve the design of hardware. And still we fulfill the designof software by using VC, the software includes image-processing module of host computer, serial communication module and controlling module of slave computerPLC.
     The using of image-processing technology in the inspection and recognition ofmanipulator's handling object adapts to the demand of modern industry, and it hasfavorable foreground in application and development. So this topic has importantresearch significance.
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