浅埋暗挖洞桩法应用理论研究
摘要
随着地下铁道建设的发展，地铁车站和区间隧道的结构形式多样，规模越来越大，遇到的复杂地质条件和既有建(构)筑物越来越多，施工技术也随之不断进步，不断创新，提出了许多新的施工方法，浅埋暗挖洞桩法就是其中很有代表性的一种。该工法在传统浅埋暗挖分部法的基础上综合了盖挖法的特点，并且灵活多变，适应性很强。在北京地铁“复一八线”多个车站工程中的成功应用，充分证明采用浅埋暗挖洞桩法在松散软弱地层中进行浅埋大断面洞室的开挖是可行的，具有良好的发展前景和推广价值。但是目前针对浅埋暗挖洞桩法的理论分析工作还不够深入，对其作用机理以及适用条件尚不十分清楚，这对该工法今后在地下工程施工中的进一步应用和推广是非常不利的。本研究主要是依据目前地下结构设计及计算理论中的地层结构法，以有限单元法为计算手段，针对浅埋暗挖洞桩法的自身特点确定了模拟分析方案，并通过计算结果的处理和分析指出了洞室跨度、高度、埋深、施工工序等因素对浅埋暗挖洞桩法的影响规律。此外还从地层沉降量和工程量两个方面将浅埋暗挖洞桩法与眼镜法、台阶法和中隔壁法做了对比分析。本研究的结论可对今后在不同的工程条件下采用浅埋暗挖洞桩法施工具有一定的理论指导意义。
With the advancement of metro construction,the structure forms of metro stations and linking tunnels have much varied. The sizes of them become increasingly larger;Complicated geologies and existing buildings have been
repeatedly encountered in the process of metro construction,so construction technologies has correspondingly gained much progress,and have been innovated,in which many new construction methods have been successfully implemented in situ. The cavern-pile method for shallow buried underground excavated tunnels is one of them. Combining the advantages of the traditional shallow buried underground and partial excavation method with the characteristic of reverse construction method,the cavern-pile method exhibits higher flexibility and wider adaptability. Successful application to many station jobsites of the Fu-Ba line of Beijing metro program shows that using the cavern-pile method in loose soft stratum for excavating shallow buried large section tunnels is practicable. Therefore it has broad prospect for application. And it is worth much promotion. But current theoretical analysis on the method is not adequate,its mechanism and constraints of application are not yet fully understood,which may hinder the step of
further use and promotion in the underground engineering. Considering the above reason,this paper,by the action-reaction model in the design theory of underground structure,and by FEM,establishes an analysis frame based on the characteristics of the cavern-pile method. The influences of tunnel span,height,overburden depth,and excavation sequence on the cavern-pile method are discussed by a careful interpretation of the modeling result. In addition,a
comparison of surface settlement and engineering quantity of the cavern-pile method with those of the binocular excavation method,bench cut method and CD method are made in the paper. The research is meaningful in theory for further application and promoting the cavern-pile method.
With the advancement of metro construction,the structure forms of metro stations and linking tunnels have much varied. The sizes of them become increasingly larger;Complicated geologies and existing buildings have been
repeatedly encountered in the process of metro construction,so construction technologies has correspondingly gained much progress,and have been innovated,in which many new construction methods have been successfully implemented in situ. The cavern-pile method for shallow buried underground excavated tunnels is one of them. Combining the advantages of the traditional shallow buried underground and partial excavation method with the characteristic of reverse construction method,the cavern-pile method exhibits higher flexibility and wider adaptability. Successful application to many station jobsites of the Fu-Ba line of Beijing metro program shows that using the cavern-pile method in loose soft stratum for excavating shallow buried large section tunnels is practicable. Therefore it has broad prospect for application. And it is worth much promotion. But current theoretical analysis on the method is not adequate,its mechanism and constraints of application are not yet fully understood,which may hinder the step of
further use and promotion in the underground engineering. Considering the above reason,this paper,by the action-reaction model in the design theory of underground structure,and by FEM,establishes an analysis frame based on the characteristics of the cavern-pile method. The influences of tunnel span,height,overburden depth,and excavation sequence on the cavern-pile method are discussed by a careful interpretation of the modeling result. In addition,a
comparison of surface settlement and engineering quantity of the cavern-pile method with those of the binocular excavation method,bench cut method and CD method are made in the paper. The research is meaningful in theory for further application and promoting the cavern-pile method.
引文
1．孙钧，侯学渊．地下结构(上、下册)．科学出版社．1991：291-294
2．朱伯芳．有限单元法原理与应用．第二版．中国水利水电出版社，1998
3．孙钧，汪炳锏．地下结构有限元法解析．同济大学出版社，1988
4．高毓才，彭泽瑞，郭建国．建设中的北京地铁—地铁“复—八”线．中国铁道出版社，1999：347
5．崔之鉴．地下铁道．中国铁道出版社，1984
6．龚晓南．土塑性力学．浙江大学出版社，1990
7．关宝树．隧道力学概论．西南交通大学出版社，1993
8．冯卫星，吴康保．铁路隧道设计．西南交通大学出版社，1998
9．钱家欢，殷宗泽．土工原理与计算．第二版．中国水利水电出版社，1996
10．夏明耀，曾进伦，地下工程设计施工手册．中国建筑工业出版社，1999
11．刘建航，侯学渊，基坑工程手册．中国建筑工业出版社，1997
12．G．哥德赫．有限元法在岩土力学中的应用．中国铁道出版社，1980
13．刘维宁，沈艳峰，罗富荣．北京地铁复—八线车站施工对环境影响的预测与分析．土木工程学报，2000，33(4)
14．高波．浅埋暗挖隧道地表沉陷计算方法．西南交通大学学报，1992，(5)
15．熊学辉，陈西霞，邢文耐．浅埋暗挖桩柱法在北京地铁风道施工中的应用．铁道建筑，1998，(12)
16．董贤顺，孙秀荣，闵向红，陈佑新．“洞桩法”暗挖修建大跨浅埋地铁车站．建筑技术开发，1996，(2)
17. Peck, R. B., Deep Excavation and Tunneling in Soft Ground, State-of the-art report: 7th ICOSMFE (mexico) :pp.225-290,1969
18. Girijavallabhan, Reese, Finite Element Method for Problems in Soil Mechanics,ASCE, SM2, 1968
19. Chang, J. M. Duncan, Analysis of Soil Movement Around a Deep Excavation,ASCE, Vol. 196, No. SM5, 1970
20. Y. Tsui, Y. M. Cheng, A Fundamental Study of Braced Excavation Construction,Computers and Geotechnics 8, 1989
21．王勖成，邵敏．有限单元法基本原理和数值方法．第二版．清华大学出版社，
1997
22．潘昌实．隧道力学数值方法．中国铁道出版社，1995
23．陈希哲．土力学地基基础．第三版．清华大学出版社，1998
24．陆震铨，祝国荣．地下连续墙的理论与实践．中国铁道出版社，1987
25．闫亚丽．天安门西站“浅埋暗挖洞柱逆作法”施工技术．隧道建设，1999(2)
26．肖广智．北京地铁天安门西站设计施工方案比选及优化．隧道建设，1999(2)
27．董贤顺．北京地铁王府井站采用桩柱支承法的施工技术．铁道标准设计，1999，(3)
28．董力，邢玲艳．北京地铁“复—八”线暗挖工程中控制地表沉降的综合技术，铁道建筑，1999，(7)
29．丁皓江，何福保，谢贻权，徐兴．弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法．第二版．机械工业出版社，1989
30. Wittke, W., Pierau, B., Stability Analysis of Tunnels in Jointed Rock, 2nd Int.Symp. on Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, 1401-1418, Blacksburg, 1976
31. Wittke, W., New Design Concept for Underground Opening in Rock, Int. Symp.on Num. Methods in Soil Mechanics and Rock Mechics, Karlsuhe, 1975
32. P. L. Bransby and G. W. E. Milligan, Soil Deformations near Cantilever Sheet Pile Walls, Geotechnique Vol. 25, No. 2, pp.175-195, 1975
33. G. W. E. Milligan, Deformation of Soil Adjacent to Anchored Sheet Pile Walls,Geotechnique, Vol. 33, No.1, 1983
34．徐秉业，陈森灿．塑性理论简明教程．清华大学出版社，1981
35．谢贻权，林钟详，丁皓江．弹性力学．浙江大学出版社，1988
36．张国亮．北京地铁天安门东站的设计与施工．铁道建筑，1999，(1)
37．王世平，董淑棉．北京地铁王府井车站顶拱初期支护施工技术．铁道建筑，1998，(10)
38．钟世航．军都山等隧道浅埋土质段周围土体的变形特点．隧道及地下工程，1991，(9)
39．殷宗泽，朱泓，许国华．土与结构材料接触面的变形及数学模拟．岩土工程学报，1994，16(10)
40．黄焕谦．地下工程三维非线性有限元程序及北京地铁浅埋暗挖法三维分析．清华大学．硕士．1989
41．李现宾，软土地层浅埋暗挖地铁施工方法的决策．西南交通大学．硕士．1994
42．游敏．浅埋隧道断面有限元优化设计及开挖新技术．成都理工学院．硕
士．1999：2-3
43．李巍巍．地铁车站逆作法施工及其有限元分析．同济大学．硕士．1994
44．曹彦国．松软地质条件下修建浅埋地铁区间隧道的地表沉陷的研究．西南交通大学．硕士．1998
45. M. D. Bolton and W. Powrie, Behavior of Diaphragm Walls in Clay Prior to Collapse, Geotechnique Vol. 38, No. 2, 1988
46. A. I. Mana, Finite Element Analysis of Deep Excavation Behavior, Thesis,Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Ph. D. Degree, Stanford
47. Kovari, k.et al., Parametric Studies as a Design Aid in Tunnelling 2nd Int. Syrup.on Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, 773-790, Blacksburg, 1976
48. Attwell P. B., Engineering Contract, Site investigation and Surface Movements in Tunneling Works, Soft-ground Tunneling-failures and displacements, A. a.balkema, pp.5-12, 1981
49. O'relly M. P., m New, B. M.,Settlements above Tunnels in the United Kingdom-their Magnitude and Pridiction, Tunneling' 82, the institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 1982, pp. 173-181
50. Lombardi, G., Long Term Measurement in Underground Opening and Their Interpretation with Special Consideration to the Rheological Behaviour of the Rock, Int. Symp. on Field Measurements in Rock Mechanics, 839-858, Zurich,1977
2．朱伯芳．有限单元法原理与应用．第二版．中国水利水电出版社，1998
3．孙钧，汪炳锏．地下结构有限元法解析．同济大学出版社，1988
4．高毓才，彭泽瑞，郭建国．建设中的北京地铁—地铁“复—八”线．中国铁道出版社，1999：347
5．崔之鉴．地下铁道．中国铁道出版社，1984
6．龚晓南．土塑性力学．浙江大学出版社，1990
7．关宝树．隧道力学概论．西南交通大学出版社，1993
8．冯卫星，吴康保．铁路隧道设计．西南交通大学出版社，1998
9．钱家欢，殷宗泽．土工原理与计算．第二版．中国水利水电出版社，1996
10．夏明耀，曾进伦，地下工程设计施工手册．中国建筑工业出版社，1999
11．刘建航，侯学渊，基坑工程手册．中国建筑工业出版社，1997
12．G．哥德赫．有限元法在岩土力学中的应用．中国铁道出版社，1980
13．刘维宁，沈艳峰，罗富荣．北京地铁复—八线车站施工对环境影响的预测与分析．土木工程学报，2000，33(4)
14．高波．浅埋暗挖隧道地表沉陷计算方法．西南交通大学学报，1992，(5)
15．熊学辉，陈西霞，邢文耐．浅埋暗挖桩柱法在北京地铁风道施工中的应用．铁道建筑，1998，(12)
16．董贤顺，孙秀荣，闵向红，陈佑新．“洞桩法”暗挖修建大跨浅埋地铁车站．建筑技术开发，1996，(2)
17. Peck, R. B., Deep Excavation and Tunneling in Soft Ground, State-of the-art report: 7th ICOSMFE (mexico) :pp.225-290,1969
18. Girijavallabhan, Reese, Finite Element Method for Problems in Soil Mechanics,ASCE, SM2, 1968
19. Chang, J. M. Duncan, Analysis of Soil Movement Around a Deep Excavation,ASCE, Vol. 196, No. SM5, 1970
20. Y. Tsui, Y. M. Cheng, A Fundamental Study of Braced Excavation Construction,Computers and Geotechnics 8, 1989
21．王勖成，邵敏．有限单元法基本原理和数值方法．第二版．清华大学出版社，
1997
22．潘昌实．隧道力学数值方法．中国铁道出版社，1995
23．陈希哲．土力学地基基础．第三版．清华大学出版社，1998
24．陆震铨，祝国荣．地下连续墙的理论与实践．中国铁道出版社，1987
25．闫亚丽．天安门西站“浅埋暗挖洞柱逆作法”施工技术．隧道建设，1999(2)
26．肖广智．北京地铁天安门西站设计施工方案比选及优化．隧道建设，1999(2)
27．董贤顺．北京地铁王府井站采用桩柱支承法的施工技术．铁道标准设计，1999，(3)
28．董力，邢玲艳．北京地铁“复—八”线暗挖工程中控制地表沉降的综合技术，铁道建筑，1999，(7)
29．丁皓江，何福保，谢贻权，徐兴．弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法．第二版．机械工业出版社，1989
30. Wittke, W., Pierau, B., Stability Analysis of Tunnels in Jointed Rock, 2nd Int.Symp. on Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, 1401-1418, Blacksburg, 1976
31. Wittke, W., New Design Concept for Underground Opening in Rock, Int. Symp.on Num. Methods in Soil Mechanics and Rock Mechics, Karlsuhe, 1975
32. P. L. Bransby and G. W. E. Milligan, Soil Deformations near Cantilever Sheet Pile Walls, Geotechnique Vol. 25, No. 2, pp.175-195, 1975
33. G. W. E. Milligan, Deformation of Soil Adjacent to Anchored Sheet Pile Walls,Geotechnique, Vol. 33, No.1, 1983
34．徐秉业，陈森灿．塑性理论简明教程．清华大学出版社，1981
35．谢贻权，林钟详，丁皓江．弹性力学．浙江大学出版社，1988
36．张国亮．北京地铁天安门东站的设计与施工．铁道建筑，1999，(1)
37．王世平，董淑棉．北京地铁王府井车站顶拱初期支护施工技术．铁道建筑，1998，(10)
38．钟世航．军都山等隧道浅埋土质段周围土体的变形特点．隧道及地下工程，1991，(9)
39．殷宗泽，朱泓，许国华．土与结构材料接触面的变形及数学模拟．岩土工程学报，1994，16(10)
40．黄焕谦．地下工程三维非线性有限元程序及北京地铁浅埋暗挖法三维分析．清华大学．硕士．1989
41．李现宾，软土地层浅埋暗挖地铁施工方法的决策．西南交通大学．硕士．1994
42．游敏．浅埋隧道断面有限元优化设计及开挖新技术．成都理工学院．硕
士．1999：2-3
43．李巍巍．地铁车站逆作法施工及其有限元分析．同济大学．硕士．1994
44．曹彦国．松软地质条件下修建浅埋地铁区间隧道的地表沉陷的研究．西南交通大学．硕士．1998
45. M. D. Bolton and W. Powrie, Behavior of Diaphragm Walls in Clay Prior to Collapse, Geotechnique Vol. 38, No. 2, 1988
46. A. I. Mana, Finite Element Analysis of Deep Excavation Behavior, Thesis,Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Ph. D. Degree, Stanford
47. Kovari, k.et al., Parametric Studies as a Design Aid in Tunnelling 2nd Int. Syrup.on Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, 773-790, Blacksburg, 1976
48. Attwell P. B., Engineering Contract, Site investigation and Surface Movements in Tunneling Works, Soft-ground Tunneling-failures and displacements, A. a.balkema, pp.5-12, 1981
49. O'relly M. P., m New, B. M.,Settlements above Tunnels in the United Kingdom-their Magnitude and Pridiction, Tunneling' 82, the institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 1982, pp. 173-181
50. Lombardi, G., Long Term Measurement in Underground Opening and Their Interpretation with Special Consideration to the Rheological Behaviour of the Rock, Int. Symp. on Field Measurements in Rock Mechanics, 839-858, Zurich,1977