竹材的弯曲性能及浸渍塑化研究
摘要
本课题依托国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目《木材／竹材复合材料制造技术》，对浙江省安吉县、安徽省广德县、福建省建瓯市和江西省宜丰县四大中国竹乡产毛竹和锯制竹片的弯曲性能进行测定分析。同时实验研究了水溶性PF树脂的合成因素对其在浸渍过程中上胶量的影响关系，并且采用三次曲线拟和的方法分析研究不同浸渍处理条件下的竹材弯曲性能和塑化压力的变化规律。通过实验研究的分析表明：
在浸渍用水溶性PF树脂的合成中采用苯酚与甲醛摩尔比1：1.9，催化剂与苯酚的摩尔比为1：0.13，第二阶段反应时间50min的合成工艺所获得的树脂上胶量更容易达到最大值。在相同的浸渍时间内醇溶性PF树脂上胶量明显高于水溶性PF树脂，这种趋势随着浸渍时间的延长而逐渐减小。
毛竹的弯曲强度和弯曲模量均随着立地高度的增加而逐渐增大。毛竹的产地、生长朝向和测量方式均对弯曲强度影响较大而对弯曲模量影响则较小。有节处试件的弯曲强度和弯曲模量均大于无节处竹秆试件。
毛竹沿径向的弯曲强度和弯曲模量从最内层竹黄处向最外层竹青处逐渐增大。其中最外层竹青处弯曲性能远远高于最内层竹黄处，差异非常显著。毛竹的密度随立地高度的增加变化并不明显，沿径向在靠近竹青处增加趋势明显。弯曲性能随着密度增加而增大。
浸渍PF树脂处理对于竹材弯曲强度提高不显著，对弯曲模量提高明显，并且对竹材的耐沸水性能改善具有相当大的作用。
本课题的实验研究能够为木材／竹材复合材料制造过程中的结构设计和产品性能预测以及生产工艺控制提供一定的理论依据和基本思路。
This project was supported by " 863 " , manufacturing technology of wood-bamboo composite, measured and analysed bending performance of bamboo shoot and sawed bamboo lumber produced from the four biggest bamboo hometowns in domestic country, Anji county in province of Zhejiang, Guangde county in province of Anhui, Jian'ou county in province of Fujian and Yifeng county in province of Jiangxi. Additionally, it was researched that manufacturing factors of water-solubility PF affected on adhesive-soaking how it advanced. Further, principle of bending performance and strengthening stress, when different condition was adopted during the course of adhesive-soaking, was studied with means of three-power curve-simulating. Experimental results indicated:
During the course of manufacturing water-solubility PF, the molar ratio of phenol : formaldehyde and catalyzer : phenol were 1:1.9 and 1:0.13 respectively, and the adhesive-soaking value was the biggest when reacting time was fixed on 50min in the second phase. The adhesive-soaking values of alcohol-solubility PF were bigger than that of water-solubility PF in the same time of immersion, however, the trend minished gradually as the time of immersion went.
Bending strength and modulus of rupture augmented as highness increased concerning bamboo. Its producing area, exposed to the sun and measurement mode had a marked effect on bending strength, but affected modulus of rupture indistinctively. Bending strength and modulus of rupture were bigger round about bolt than that of specimen what didn't contain bolts.
With respect of bamboo, bending strength and modulus of rupture increased gradually from inboard bamboo inner place to outboard bamboo skin in the radial direction. Bending performance of outboard bamboo skin were better than that of bamboo inner place evidently, since the difference was very marked. The density of bamboo did not increase markedly as highness increased, but increased obviously in the radial direction in access to bamboo skin. Bending performance augmented as its density increased.
The bending strength of bamboo did not increase obviously, but modulus of rupture did increase markedly, and the resistance to immersion in boiling water improved, when bamboo was soaked with PF adhesive.
The research in this project can provide some basic grounds and schemes during the course of manufacturing-composite. At the same time, it can be used in the designing-constitute of wood/bamboo composite, and in the forcasting-performance of the product.
在浸渍用水溶性PF树脂的合成中采用苯酚与甲醛摩尔比1：1.9，催化剂与苯酚的摩尔比为1：0.13，第二阶段反应时间50min的合成工艺所获得的树脂上胶量更容易达到最大值。在相同的浸渍时间内醇溶性PF树脂上胶量明显高于水溶性PF树脂，这种趋势随着浸渍时间的延长而逐渐减小。
毛竹的弯曲强度和弯曲模量均随着立地高度的增加而逐渐增大。毛竹的产地、生长朝向和测量方式均对弯曲强度影响较大而对弯曲模量影响则较小。有节处试件的弯曲强度和弯曲模量均大于无节处竹秆试件。
毛竹沿径向的弯曲强度和弯曲模量从最内层竹黄处向最外层竹青处逐渐增大。其中最外层竹青处弯曲性能远远高于最内层竹黄处，差异非常显著。毛竹的密度随立地高度的增加变化并不明显，沿径向在靠近竹青处增加趋势明显。弯曲性能随着密度增加而增大。
浸渍PF树脂处理对于竹材弯曲强度提高不显著，对弯曲模量提高明显，并且对竹材的耐沸水性能改善具有相当大的作用。
本课题的实验研究能够为木材／竹材复合材料制造过程中的结构设计和产品性能预测以及生产工艺控制提供一定的理论依据和基本思路。
This project was supported by " 863 " , manufacturing technology of wood-bamboo composite, measured and analysed bending performance of bamboo shoot and sawed bamboo lumber produced from the four biggest bamboo hometowns in domestic country, Anji county in province of Zhejiang, Guangde county in province of Anhui, Jian'ou county in province of Fujian and Yifeng county in province of Jiangxi. Additionally, it was researched that manufacturing factors of water-solubility PF affected on adhesive-soaking how it advanced. Further, principle of bending performance and strengthening stress, when different condition was adopted during the course of adhesive-soaking, was studied with means of three-power curve-simulating. Experimental results indicated:
During the course of manufacturing water-solubility PF, the molar ratio of phenol : formaldehyde and catalyzer : phenol were 1:1.9 and 1:0.13 respectively, and the adhesive-soaking value was the biggest when reacting time was fixed on 50min in the second phase. The adhesive-soaking values of alcohol-solubility PF were bigger than that of water-solubility PF in the same time of immersion, however, the trend minished gradually as the time of immersion went.
Bending strength and modulus of rupture augmented as highness increased concerning bamboo. Its producing area, exposed to the sun and measurement mode had a marked effect on bending strength, but affected modulus of rupture indistinctively. Bending strength and modulus of rupture were bigger round about bolt than that of specimen what didn't contain bolts.
With respect of bamboo, bending strength and modulus of rupture increased gradually from inboard bamboo inner place to outboard bamboo skin in the radial direction. Bending performance of outboard bamboo skin were better than that of bamboo inner place evidently, since the difference was very marked. The density of bamboo did not increase markedly as highness increased, but increased obviously in the radial direction in access to bamboo skin. Bending performance augmented as its density increased.
The bending strength of bamboo did not increase obviously, but modulus of rupture did increase markedly, and the resistance to immersion in boiling water improved, when bamboo was soaked with PF adhesive.
The research in this project can provide some basic grounds and schemes during the course of manufacturing-composite. At the same time, it can be used in the designing-constitute of wood/bamboo composite, and in the forcasting-performance of the product.
引文
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[31]王逢湖．木质材料流变学．东北林业大学出版社．1997
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[38]邹祖讳主编．复合材料的结构和性能．科学出版社．1999
[39]亚太薄板制品研讨会记录．中国上海．2003
[40]李庆章．人造板表面装饰「M」．东北林业大学出版社，1989，12
[41]潘承毅，何迎辉．数理统计的原理与方法．同济大学出版社，1993，10
[42]张一帆．预油漆纸的应用及其生产工艺．木材工业，2001，15(2)：32～34
[43]邵广义，高淑兰，武广明．关于我国浸渍纸发展的几点看法．林产工业，1999，26(3)：14～19
[44]林昌镇，顾继友．三聚氰胺树脂胶粘剂研究进展．粘接，2001，22(5)：29～32
[45]苏行义．低吸湿性浸渍用脲醛树脂的研究．建筑人造板，1994，3：33～36
[46]张海滨，林伟，张剑平．浅谈高浸胶量低压短周期饰面用浸渍胶膜纸的生产工艺．林产工业，1999，26(4)：35～36
[47]刘雄飞．预油漆纸用脲醛浸渍树脂合成及其浸渍工艺的研究：「学位论文」．哈尔滨：东北林业大学材料科学与工程学院．2000
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[2]关百钧．世界森林知多少．中国绿色时报．1998，06，08
[3]国家林业局．1994-1998全国森林资源调查资料
[4]霍加富．论中国的森林资源经营．林业经济．2002专刊，4-12
[5]华毓坤．中国人材工业概况．人造板通讯．2002，1，3-5
[6]王恺 丁美蓉 潘海丽．21世纪我国木材工业展望．林产工业．2000，03，3-6
[7]王恺 傅峰．我国人造板工业发展展望．人造板通讯．2002，12，3-5
[8]徐信武．稻草的热力学性能及稻草刨花板的吸湿特性．南京林业大学博士论文．2003
[9]张晓东．木材／竹材复合材料制造技术．“十五”国家高技术研究发展计划(863)投标书
[10]张齐生 孙丰文．我国竹材工业的发展展望．林产工业．1999，4，3-5
[11]张齐生．当前发展我国竹材工业的几点思考．竹子研究汇刊．2000，19(3)，16-19
[12]周芳纯．20世纪竹业的回顾和21世纪的展望．竹子研究汇刊．1999，18(4)，1-4
[13]关明杰．竹材纤维饱和点的研究．南京林业大学硕士论文
[14]刘君良．木材横纹压缩变形固定机理及压缩整形木的研究．东北林业大学博士学位论文
[15]周芳纯著．竹林培育学．中国林业出版社．1998
[16]竹业专题．中国绿色时报．2001，11，15
[17]顾继友主编．胶粘剂与涂料．中国林业出版社．1999
[18]林业部关于命名“中国竹子之乡”的决定．林造字[1996]18号
[19]张齐生等著．中国竹材工业化利用．中国林业出版社．1995
[20]张志达主编．中国竹林培育．中国林业出版社．1998
[21]王越主编．中国市县手册．浙江教育出版社．1987
[22]WOOD ADHESIVES CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY. A.Pizzi. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1983
[23]张齐生．中国的木材工业和国民经济可持续发展．林产工业，2003(3)
[24]张齐生 姜树海．重视竹材化学利用开发竹炭应用技术．南京林业大学学报，2002(1)
[25]张齐生 孙丰文．我国竹材工业化利用的几种途径．林业科技开发．1997(3)
[26]张齐生 孙丰文．二十一世纪中国木材工业面临的机遇和挑战．林业科技开发．1999(2)
[27]腰希申等著．中国主要竹材微观构造．大连出版社．1999
[28]夏炎主编．高分子科学简明教程．科学出版社．1998
[29]徐芝纶．弹性力学简明教程．高等教育出版社．1980
[30]冼杏娟 冼定国．竹纤维增强树脂复合材料极其微观形貌．科学出版社．1995
[31]王逢湖．木质材料流变学．东北林业大学出版社．1997
[32]陆文达主编．木材改性工艺学．东北林业大学出版社．1993
[33]南京大学《无机及分析化学》编写组。无机及分析化学．高等教育出版社．1998
[34]程瑞香 张一帆．实验设计与数据处理(木材加工专业专用)．东北林业大学出版社．2000
[35]尹思慈．木材学．中国林业出版社．1996
[36]陆仁书主编．胶合板制造学．中国林业出版社．1993
[37]李坚等编著．木材科学．东北林业出版社．1994
[38]邹祖讳主编．复合材料的结构和性能．科学出版社．1999
[39]亚太薄板制品研讨会记录．中国上海．2003
[40]李庆章．人造板表面装饰「M」．东北林业大学出版社，1989，12
[41]潘承毅，何迎辉．数理统计的原理与方法．同济大学出版社，1993，10
[42]张一帆．预油漆纸的应用及其生产工艺．木材工业，2001，15(2)：32～34
[43]邵广义，高淑兰，武广明．关于我国浸渍纸发展的几点看法．林产工业，1999，26(3)：14～19
[44]林昌镇，顾继友．三聚氰胺树脂胶粘剂研究进展．粘接，2001，22(5)：29～32
[45]苏行义．低吸湿性浸渍用脲醛树脂的研究．建筑人造板，1994，3：33～36
[46]张海滨，林伟，张剑平．浅谈高浸胶量低压短周期饰面用浸渍胶膜纸的生产工艺．林产工业，1999，26(4)：35～36
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