宽波段微型光谱仪设计优化及应用
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摘要
传统的光谱仪体积庞大且价格不菲,为应对光谱仪的普及,光谱仪的微型化是仪器本身发展的必然趋势。随着微型光机电技术、光电探测技术、先进加工制造技术和计算机技术的发展,光谱仪进入了自动化、智能化、数字化、微型化等各个方向的发展的新阶段。
本文研究设计了宽波段微型光谱仪并加以实现,根据光谱仪应用的特点,对光学系统进行改进优化,同时开发了测量附件,为微型光谱仪的后继应用建立了一个扎实的基础平台。
在宽波段微型光谱仪的光学设计与优化中,选择了交叉非对称型Czerny-Turner光学结构,针对微型光谱仪的光学性能,提出了在探测器表面加自由曲面型柱面镜来实现宽波段校正像散方法,以提高光谱仪的集光效率,同时提出了一种在探测器上放置自由曲面透镜的方法实现宽波段校正子午彗差,以提高光谱仪的分辨率,首次从理论上进行了优化设计与分析,得到了很好的校正结果。选择了线阵CCD探测器作为本系统的探测元件,实现了整体的电路和探测系统。设计出整体机械结构,以及提出部分光学元件的加工方,并对光学系统进行了公差分析。实现了功能全面,操作方便的软件系统,同时还为二次开发提供了丰富的接口。
在宽波段微型光谱仪的性能测试以及光源附件的研制中,研究了基于发光二极管(LED)为介质的光谱分布可调的光源,实现了氘-卤钨组合光源和标准光源的研制。提出了相对辐射定标和绝对辐射定标的方法。
在宽波段微型光谱仪的应用中,主要研究了基于微型光谱仪的颜色测量系统,提出了三种测量系统方案对光源色和反射物体色的测量,从硬件、软件、算法对系统实现在CIE1931和CIE1964色度系统与不同标准照明体下(A、B、C、D50,D55、D65、D75,F1-F12)环境下各种颜色参数的实时动态测量。在测量过程中,针对测量误差,提出了一种低反射率元件背面反射补偿模型,同时还对反射型积分球的非中性进行了研究。
The applications of traditional spectrometers are constrained due to their big volume and high costs, miniaturization becomes to be their important developing direction for coping with the popularity of the spectrometer. As the development of MEMS, photoelectric detection technology, advanced manufacturing technology and the development of computer technology, the spectrometer into a new stage of the development of automation, intelligent, digital, miniaturization direction.
In this paper, the main works focus on the broadband miniature spectrometer design and achievement, according to the characteristics of spectrometer application system, the optimization of the optical system was improved, while the measurement accessories were developed, and then established a solid foundation platform for in-depth application system.
In the optical design and optimization of the broadband miniature spectrometer, a cross asymmetric Czerny-Turner optical structure was selected. For the optical performance of the miniature spectrometer, a freefom cylindrical lens based on the detector surface to correct broadband astigmatism and improve the light collection efficiency, and a freeform lens based on the detector surface to correct broadband coma and improve the resolution. Optimized design and analysis of theory for the first time, and good correction results have achieved. The linear CCD detector was chosen as this system detection element, the whole circuit and detection system were realized. The design of the mechanical system and optical element and thorough tolerance analysis of this system were achieved. The software was developed, it can provide various user interface for software re-development.
During the performance testing and the development of the accessories, a spectrally tunable light source using a large number of LEDs has been designed. The combination of deuterium tungsten and halogen light source was realized, and the development of the standard light source was realized. The relative radiometric measurement and absolute radiometric measurement were proposed.
In the application of miniature spectrometer, three kinds of measurement system scheme for light source color and reflection object color measurements were proposed. From hardware, software, algorithms implemented on the system to realize parameters of various colors of the real-time measurements in the CIE1931and CIE1964color system and different standard illuminants (A, B, C, D50, D55, D65, D75, Fl～F12). For measurement error in the measurement process, there is proposed a low-reflectance element back reflective compensation model, and a non-neutral reflectance integrating sphere.
本文研究设计了宽波段微型光谱仪并加以实现,根据光谱仪应用的特点,对光学系统进行改进优化,同时开发了测量附件,为微型光谱仪的后继应用建立了一个扎实的基础平台。
在宽波段微型光谱仪的光学设计与优化中,选择了交叉非对称型Czerny-Turner光学结构,针对微型光谱仪的光学性能,提出了在探测器表面加自由曲面型柱面镜来实现宽波段校正像散方法,以提高光谱仪的集光效率,同时提出了一种在探测器上放置自由曲面透镜的方法实现宽波段校正子午彗差,以提高光谱仪的分辨率,首次从理论上进行了优化设计与分析,得到了很好的校正结果。选择了线阵CCD探测器作为本系统的探测元件,实现了整体的电路和探测系统。设计出整体机械结构,以及提出部分光学元件的加工方,并对光学系统进行了公差分析。实现了功能全面,操作方便的软件系统,同时还为二次开发提供了丰富的接口。
在宽波段微型光谱仪的性能测试以及光源附件的研制中,研究了基于发光二极管(LED)为介质的光谱分布可调的光源,实现了氘-卤钨组合光源和标准光源的研制。提出了相对辐射定标和绝对辐射定标的方法。
在宽波段微型光谱仪的应用中,主要研究了基于微型光谱仪的颜色测量系统,提出了三种测量系统方案对光源色和反射物体色的测量,从硬件、软件、算法对系统实现在CIE1931和CIE1964色度系统与不同标准照明体下(A、B、C、D50,D55、D65、D75,F1-F12)环境下各种颜色参数的实时动态测量。在测量过程中,针对测量误差,提出了一种低反射率元件背面反射补偿模型,同时还对反射型积分球的非中性进行了研究。
The applications of traditional spectrometers are constrained due to their big volume and high costs, miniaturization becomes to be their important developing direction for coping with the popularity of the spectrometer. As the development of MEMS, photoelectric detection technology, advanced manufacturing technology and the development of computer technology, the spectrometer into a new stage of the development of automation, intelligent, digital, miniaturization direction.
In this paper, the main works focus on the broadband miniature spectrometer design and achievement, according to the characteristics of spectrometer application system, the optimization of the optical system was improved, while the measurement accessories were developed, and then established a solid foundation platform for in-depth application system.
In the optical design and optimization of the broadband miniature spectrometer, a cross asymmetric Czerny-Turner optical structure was selected. For the optical performance of the miniature spectrometer, a freefom cylindrical lens based on the detector surface to correct broadband astigmatism and improve the light collection efficiency, and a freeform lens based on the detector surface to correct broadband coma and improve the resolution. Optimized design and analysis of theory for the first time, and good correction results have achieved. The linear CCD detector was chosen as this system detection element, the whole circuit and detection system were realized. The design of the mechanical system and optical element and thorough tolerance analysis of this system were achieved. The software was developed, it can provide various user interface for software re-development.
During the performance testing and the development of the accessories, a spectrally tunable light source using a large number of LEDs has been designed. The combination of deuterium tungsten and halogen light source was realized, and the development of the standard light source was realized. The relative radiometric measurement and absolute radiometric measurement were proposed.
In the application of miniature spectrometer, three kinds of measurement system scheme for light source color and reflection object color measurements were proposed. From hardware, software, algorithms implemented on the system to realize parameters of various colors of the real-time measurements in the CIE1931and CIE1964color system and different standard illuminants (A, B, C, D50, D55, D65, D75, Fl～F12). For measurement error in the measurement process, there is proposed a low-reflectance element back reflective compensation model, and a non-neutral reflectance integrating sphere.
引文
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