淮北平原三种土地利用类型土壤CO_2通量研究
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摘要
为了探讨淮北杨树人工林、农耕地、农林复合模式土壤CO2通量对温室气体CO2增长及其通量的影响,弄清不同土地利用方式对土壤CO2通量的影响机理,本文利用Licor-8100土壤碳通量测定系统对淮北平原三种不同土地利用类型在2009年10月至2010年12月期间的土壤呼吸速率和土壤CO2释放量的变化进行了研究。
结果表明：(1)三种土地利用类型的土壤呼吸速率平均日变化趋势基本一致,除冬季的CO2通量的日变化呈不明显的变化之外,其他时期都呈典型的单峰曲线。由于杨树的影响,农林复合模式和杨树人工林在中午最大极值出现的时间比林外农耕地的晚1 h～2 h。
(2)杨树人工林、农林复合模式和林外农耕地的土壤CO2通量和土壤CO2释放量的季节变化基本一致,夏季最大,秋季次之,冬季最小；在同一季节的不同土地利用类型或同一土地利用类型在不同的季节中的土壤CO2通量的总体差异极显著,多重比较则差异性不一致。
(3)三种土地利用类型的月平均土壤CO2气体释放量和月平均土壤CO2通量在2010年12个月份中均呈典型的先增大后减小的倒“U”型；最高值出现在夏季7月份或8月份,最低值则出现在冬季低温时的12月或次年1月。
(4)杨树人工林林草地和农林复合模式杨树林隔离带地表由于受到得人为扰动很少、地表植被生长旺盛和枯落物大量存在的因素的影响,杨树人工林林草地的土壤CO2释放量大于农林复合模式和林外农耕地的土壤CO2释放量,农林复合模式的土壤CO2释放量则大于农耕地的土壤CO2释放量,农林复合模式和林外农耕地的土壤CO2释放量的差异不明显。
(5)在所分析的14个影响土壤CO2通量的因素中,测量点微观环境因子和试验区宏观天气因子在不同时间对土壤CO2通量的影响程度不相同。每一种宏观天气情况的微观环境因子都有自己相应的变化范围,宏观天气对土壤呼吸的影响就是通过对其中的微观环境因子变化范围的影响来实现的。宏观天气因素的影响作用是各个因子影响作用的综合外在体现。
(6)影响杨树人工林林内土壤CO2通量的因素有：与杨树的距离及生长状况、土壤根密度、是否受扰动和地表植被的有无以及植被的生长情况。即有植被存在、土壤根密度大、土壤不受扰动、距离杨树近且处于生长旺盛期时的土壤的呼吸强度大,土壤CO2通量大,土壤CO2气体释放量多。
To probe the effect of the soil of poplar planted forestry, crop land and agro-forestry model land to the increasing and the flux of CO2, to find the differences and similarities in the soil CO2 flux among the three different land-use types, and to analysis the reasons and mechanism of the factors that influence the soil CO2 flux, the Licor-8100 Automated Soil CO2 Flux System was utilized to monitor the change of soil carbon dioxide flux of the three land-use types. The soil CO2 flux and the amount of the soil released CO2 of them in was studied systematically from 2009.10 to 2010.12.
The results showed that the average diurnal variation of soil CO2 flux of three land-use types in every month and season tends to be identical. The diurnal variation of soil CO2 flux was a typical single peak curve in the every season except that in winter. Because of the influence of poplar, the time that the maximum of the soil CO2 flux appeared in the poplar planted forestry and agro-forestry model was one or two hours late than that in the crop land far away from the poplar planted forestry.
The tendency of soil CO2 flux and the amount of soil released CO2 of the three land-use types was the same in the whole year of 2010. The value in summer was biggest, and then in autumn, the smallest was in winter. The overall difference between the value of one land-use type in four different seasons and the value of three land-use types in the same season was significant. But the multiple comparisons of them are not the same.
The curve of average amount of soil released CO2 and the soil CO2 flux of every month of the three land-use types in the year 2010 exhibited an inversion "U" shape. The maximum value appeared in July or August in summer, while minimum value appeared in December or January in winter because of the low temperature.
The soil CO2 flux value of the poplar forestry and wood land of the agro-forestry model was bigger than that of the crop land, and the value of the agro-forestry model was bigger than that of the crop land, because of the rarely disturbance of soil, more vegetation cover and litter in the poplar forestry and the wood land. And the difference between value of agro-forestry model and crop land was not significant.
In the 14 factors that can influence the soil CO2 flux, the influence degree of the macro weather situation factor in the testarea and micro environmental factors of the measuring points was different in different time. The ranges of variation of every micro environmental factor were stationary in one kind weather situation. The influence of the weather to the soil CO2 flux was accomplished by influence of the micro environmental factors.
结果表明：(1)三种土地利用类型的土壤呼吸速率平均日变化趋势基本一致,除冬季的CO2通量的日变化呈不明显的变化之外,其他时期都呈典型的单峰曲线。由于杨树的影响,农林复合模式和杨树人工林在中午最大极值出现的时间比林外农耕地的晚1 h～2 h。
(2)杨树人工林、农林复合模式和林外农耕地的土壤CO2通量和土壤CO2释放量的季节变化基本一致,夏季最大,秋季次之,冬季最小；在同一季节的不同土地利用类型或同一土地利用类型在不同的季节中的土壤CO2通量的总体差异极显著,多重比较则差异性不一致。
(3)三种土地利用类型的月平均土壤CO2气体释放量和月平均土壤CO2通量在2010年12个月份中均呈典型的先增大后减小的倒“U”型；最高值出现在夏季7月份或8月份,最低值则出现在冬季低温时的12月或次年1月。
(4)杨树人工林林草地和农林复合模式杨树林隔离带地表由于受到得人为扰动很少、地表植被生长旺盛和枯落物大量存在的因素的影响,杨树人工林林草地的土壤CO2释放量大于农林复合模式和林外农耕地的土壤CO2释放量,农林复合模式的土壤CO2释放量则大于农耕地的土壤CO2释放量,农林复合模式和林外农耕地的土壤CO2释放量的差异不明显。
(5)在所分析的14个影响土壤CO2通量的因素中,测量点微观环境因子和试验区宏观天气因子在不同时间对土壤CO2通量的影响程度不相同。每一种宏观天气情况的微观环境因子都有自己相应的变化范围,宏观天气对土壤呼吸的影响就是通过对其中的微观环境因子变化范围的影响来实现的。宏观天气因素的影响作用是各个因子影响作用的综合外在体现。
(6)影响杨树人工林林内土壤CO2通量的因素有：与杨树的距离及生长状况、土壤根密度、是否受扰动和地表植被的有无以及植被的生长情况。即有植被存在、土壤根密度大、土壤不受扰动、距离杨树近且处于生长旺盛期时的土壤的呼吸强度大,土壤CO2通量大,土壤CO2气体释放量多。
To probe the effect of the soil of poplar planted forestry, crop land and agro-forestry model land to the increasing and the flux of CO2, to find the differences and similarities in the soil CO2 flux among the three different land-use types, and to analysis the reasons and mechanism of the factors that influence the soil CO2 flux, the Licor-8100 Automated Soil CO2 Flux System was utilized to monitor the change of soil carbon dioxide flux of the three land-use types. The soil CO2 flux and the amount of the soil released CO2 of them in was studied systematically from 2009.10 to 2010.12.
The results showed that the average diurnal variation of soil CO2 flux of three land-use types in every month and season tends to be identical. The diurnal variation of soil CO2 flux was a typical single peak curve in the every season except that in winter. Because of the influence of poplar, the time that the maximum of the soil CO2 flux appeared in the poplar planted forestry and agro-forestry model was one or two hours late than that in the crop land far away from the poplar planted forestry.
The tendency of soil CO2 flux and the amount of soil released CO2 of the three land-use types was the same in the whole year of 2010. The value in summer was biggest, and then in autumn, the smallest was in winter. The overall difference between the value of one land-use type in four different seasons and the value of three land-use types in the same season was significant. But the multiple comparisons of them are not the same.
The curve of average amount of soil released CO2 and the soil CO2 flux of every month of the three land-use types in the year 2010 exhibited an inversion "U" shape. The maximum value appeared in July or August in summer, while minimum value appeared in December or January in winter because of the low temperature.
The soil CO2 flux value of the poplar forestry and wood land of the agro-forestry model was bigger than that of the crop land, and the value of the agro-forestry model was bigger than that of the crop land, because of the rarely disturbance of soil, more vegetation cover and litter in the poplar forestry and the wood land. And the difference between value of agro-forestry model and crop land was not significant.
In the 14 factors that can influence the soil CO2 flux, the influence degree of the macro weather situation factor in the testarea and micro environmental factors of the measuring points was different in different time. The ranges of variation of every micro environmental factor were stationary in one kind weather situation. The influence of the weather to the soil CO2 flux was accomplished by influence of the micro environmental factors.
引文
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