基于精明增长视角的南京城市增长评价及优化研究
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摘要
精明增长是20世纪90年代后期美国规划界为应对城市郊区化过程中无序蔓延以及由此带来的土地资源环境问题而提出的城市规划和管理理论,并在城市增长管理实践中起到有效的作用。进入21世纪以来,随着中国城市化进程步入加速发展时期,城市用地规模迅速扩张,粗放式城市化造成土地资源的破坏性增长、城市生态环境和生活品质下降,选择合理的城市增长策略,引导我国城市化健康有序发展显得尤为紧迫。目前国内对于精明增长的理论研究和引介较多,研究的深度也越来越深入,但多限于定性介绍和分析,缺乏对精明增长如何进行定量评价的学习借鉴。本论文在分析西方精明增长理论和实践基础上,选取我国东部发达地区的区域中心城市南京为案例,借鉴国内外经验架构了适合于我国特点的精明增长评价指标体系,根据对南京等全国36个可以获得数据的省级城市15年来的精明增长的综合评价,揭示了影响城市精明增长的主要要素和内在机制,并根据南京城市增长的自然和历史分析,提出了优化南京城市增长的策略性措施建议。
本文首先在研究综述和精明增长理论以及实践分析的基础上(第1章、第2章、第3章),对其理论内涵进行深入挖掘和探索,将其研究的物质空间视角转向城市空间的高效利用和城市空间品质提升；接着从自然条件、社会经济发展和政策引导等方面历史地系统地梳理了南京城市空间增长的过程,并对影响城市空间增长的主要因素进行了分析(第4章)；借鉴国内外学者的己有研究成果和我国城市的现实情况,从城市增长强度、城市增长效益、城市增长和谐水平等三个方面,构建了一个有实用性和针对性的城市精明增长的综合测评指标体系；然后以全国省会城市、直辖市和副省级城市为参照系,以定量方式分析南京在全国同类城市中精明增长状况和变化情况(第5章)；根据对南京自然条件的评价和城市发展趋势的分析,结合南京城市总体规划布局和精明增长综合评价,在划定城市增长边界、优化城镇布局结构、强化公交优先、落实公共管理政策等方面对南京市未来城市精明增长提出相应政策措施建议(第6章)。
本研究的主要结论是：精明增长是指导中国城市化健康发展的有效理论；精明增长的本质是调控城市扩展的综合性策略；南京城市增长的方式和实施机制急需变革；南京城市增长的质量较高但波动性较大；南京优化城市增长的主要途径在于政策和体制创新。南京市位于人地关系较为紧张、生态环境较为脆弱的东部发达地区,经济和城市发展与耕地保护、生态保护的矛盾较为尖锐,城市快速重构的过程中土地资源环境和社会问题凸显。因此,选择精明增长的城市发展策略更有其紧迫性。具体策略主要为：基于精明增长策略,重点选择都市区作为南京未来社会经济的发展重点,建立城镇增长边界,保护基本农田、生态用地；在都市区建设用地扩展层面,要按照丘陵江河密布的环境条件,选择跳跃式组团扩展模式形成多中心的城市空间布局,保护具有生态安全意义的生态空间和风景名胜资源。综合实施精明增长策略,推动南京都市区的精明增长是解决未来南京城市增长的关键。
本论文的创新点：探求了精明增长对调控中国城市化进程的适应性；架构了适合我国城市特点的精明增长综合评价指标体系；提出了适合我国特大城市特点的城市精明增长系统策略。精明增长策略不仅对城市空间的合理扩展有积极的优化调整作用,对整个城市的社会经济生态协调发展也有积极的推进作用,对以GDP为导向的、背离于我国基本国情、资源环境基础与城市化进程要求的我国城市增长提供了借鉴契机。基于精明增长视角的南京城市增长历史和环境视角分析的基础上,结合城市精明增长综合绩效的评价,定量分析了南京在全国同类城市中的城市增长集约化水平,并据此提出优化南京城市增长的政策建议。
The Smart Growth is an urban planning and management theory proposed by the USA planning circles for coping with the unordered pervasion and the land resources and environment issues caused by which in the suburbanization course in the late1990s, and plays an effective role in the practice. By entering into the21st century, the land resources get the destructive growth, the urban and ecological environment and the living quality deteriorates as the China's urbanization speeds up, the urban land consumption increases hugely and China's extensive urbanization pattern develops, so it is very urgent to select the appropriate and rational urban space expansion strategy to guide China's urbanization construction to develop healthily and orderly. Currently there are many theoretical researches and quotations for the smart growth in China. Although these researches are made deeper and deeper, most of them are limited to the qualitative introduction and analysis and lack of the learning and reference how to evaluate the smart growth quantificationally. Based on the analysis on the western theories and the practices on the smart growth, the paper selects Nanjing, a regional central city in the developed east area of China as an example and establishes the evaluation index system suiting for the smart growth of China by borrowing the domestic and overseas experiences. Upon the integrated evaluation on the smart growth of Nanjing and other36provincial-level cities in China in the past15years, the paper analyzes the major elements and the internal mechanism affecting the urban smart growth, and proposes the strategic measures and proposals for optimizing the urban growth of Nanjing according to the analysis on the natural and historical urban growth of Nanjing.
Firstly, the paper studies and summarizes the smart growth theory and practice analysis (Chapter1,2and3); in which the theoretical connotation is tapped and explored deeply, and the research angle for the substance space is turned into the efficient use of the urban space and the improvement on the urban space quality; secondly, the paper sorts out the urban space growth process of Nanjing historically and systematically from its natural conditions, social economic development and policy guides, and analyzes the main factors affecting its urban space growth (Chapter4); additionally, by borrowing the existing research achievements of the domestic and overseas scholars and the urban reality of China, the paper establishes a practically and purposely integrated evaluation indicator framework for the urban smart growth from urban growth intensity, urban growth benefit and urban growth harmony level; finally, the paper analyzes the smart growth status and changes of Nanjing among the same cities in whole China in a quantitative mode by referring to the provincial capital cities, municipalities directly under the Central Government and the sub-provincial cities in China (Chapter5), and thence provides the corresponding policy measure proposals for the future urban smart growth of Nanjing in the view of defining urban growth border, optimizing town layout structure, enhancing public transit priority and implementing public administration policies in accordance with the evaluation on the natural conditions and the analysis on the urban development demands of Nanjing, as well as the overall urban planning layout and the smart growth evaluation of Nanjing (Chapter6).
The main conclusions of the paper are:it is an inevitable choice for China's urban development to expand and grow the urban space based on the smart growth; the essence of the smart growth is to adjust and control the urban expansion integrated strategy; the space expansion mode of Nanjing for its construction land is needed to optimize. Nanjing is located in the developed east area with tight people-land relation and weak ecological environment, where there are sharp conflicts between its economic and urban development and its farmland protection and ecological protection, and the land resources environment and social issues highlight in the rapid urban restructure process. Therefore, it is more urgent to select the smart urban growth. The specific strategies are as follows:based on the smart growth strategy, select the metropolitan area as the future social and economic development focus of Nanjing, establish the town growth border, protect the basic farmlands and ecological lands; in view of the construction land expansion in the metropolitan area, select the leap and grouped expansion pattern to form the multi-center metropolis space layout and protect the ecological space and the scenic spot resources with ecological safety significance according to the environmental condition with the dense hills and rivers. It is key to solve the future urban growth issues of Nanjing by integrating with the implementation on the smart growth strategy to push the urbanized area of Nanjing for smart growth.
Innovations of the paper:The paper explores the adaptability of the Smart Growth on the regulation of China's urbanization process, establishes a set of comprehensive smart growth evaluation index system suited to China's urban characteristics,puts forward the comprehensive urban smart growth strategy suitable for China's big cities. The smart growth strategy has not only the active optimization and adjustment role for the rational expansion of urban space, but also the active role in pushing the coordinated development of the society, economy and ecological environment of the whole city. Based on the adjustment, control, practice and analysis on the domestic and overseas urban space expansion from the viewpoint of the smart growth, the paper summarizes the space expansion characteristics and the changes in the corresponding regulation and control ideology at the urbanization speed-up stage, and provides the reference opportunity for the urban space expansion of China oriented by GDP and deviated from the fundamental realities, resource-environment base and urbanization requirements. Based on the analysis on the urban space growth history and environmental viewpoint of Nanjing from the viewpoint of the smart growth and by integrating with the evaluation on the integrated performance of the urban smart growth, as well as the quantitative analysis and orientation on the urban growth intensive level of Nanjing among the same cities in whole China, the paper provides the proposals for optimizing the urban growth of Nanjing.
本文首先在研究综述和精明增长理论以及实践分析的基础上(第1章、第2章、第3章),对其理论内涵进行深入挖掘和探索,将其研究的物质空间视角转向城市空间的高效利用和城市空间品质提升；接着从自然条件、社会经济发展和政策引导等方面历史地系统地梳理了南京城市空间增长的过程,并对影响城市空间增长的主要因素进行了分析(第4章)；借鉴国内外学者的己有研究成果和我国城市的现实情况,从城市增长强度、城市增长效益、城市增长和谐水平等三个方面,构建了一个有实用性和针对性的城市精明增长的综合测评指标体系；然后以全国省会城市、直辖市和副省级城市为参照系,以定量方式分析南京在全国同类城市中精明增长状况和变化情况(第5章)；根据对南京自然条件的评价和城市发展趋势的分析,结合南京城市总体规划布局和精明增长综合评价,在划定城市增长边界、优化城镇布局结构、强化公交优先、落实公共管理政策等方面对南京市未来城市精明增长提出相应政策措施建议(第6章)。
本研究的主要结论是：精明增长是指导中国城市化健康发展的有效理论；精明增长的本质是调控城市扩展的综合性策略；南京城市增长的方式和实施机制急需变革；南京城市增长的质量较高但波动性较大；南京优化城市增长的主要途径在于政策和体制创新。南京市位于人地关系较为紧张、生态环境较为脆弱的东部发达地区,经济和城市发展与耕地保护、生态保护的矛盾较为尖锐,城市快速重构的过程中土地资源环境和社会问题凸显。因此,选择精明增长的城市发展策略更有其紧迫性。具体策略主要为：基于精明增长策略,重点选择都市区作为南京未来社会经济的发展重点,建立城镇增长边界,保护基本农田、生态用地；在都市区建设用地扩展层面,要按照丘陵江河密布的环境条件,选择跳跃式组团扩展模式形成多中心的城市空间布局,保护具有生态安全意义的生态空间和风景名胜资源。综合实施精明增长策略,推动南京都市区的精明增长是解决未来南京城市增长的关键。
本论文的创新点：探求了精明增长对调控中国城市化进程的适应性；架构了适合我国城市特点的精明增长综合评价指标体系；提出了适合我国特大城市特点的城市精明增长系统策略。精明增长策略不仅对城市空间的合理扩展有积极的优化调整作用,对整个城市的社会经济生态协调发展也有积极的推进作用,对以GDP为导向的、背离于我国基本国情、资源环境基础与城市化进程要求的我国城市增长提供了借鉴契机。基于精明增长视角的南京城市增长历史和环境视角分析的基础上,结合城市精明增长综合绩效的评价,定量分析了南京在全国同类城市中的城市增长集约化水平,并据此提出优化南京城市增长的政策建议。
The Smart Growth is an urban planning and management theory proposed by the USA planning circles for coping with the unordered pervasion and the land resources and environment issues caused by which in the suburbanization course in the late1990s, and plays an effective role in the practice. By entering into the21st century, the land resources get the destructive growth, the urban and ecological environment and the living quality deteriorates as the China's urbanization speeds up, the urban land consumption increases hugely and China's extensive urbanization pattern develops, so it is very urgent to select the appropriate and rational urban space expansion strategy to guide China's urbanization construction to develop healthily and orderly. Currently there are many theoretical researches and quotations for the smart growth in China. Although these researches are made deeper and deeper, most of them are limited to the qualitative introduction and analysis and lack of the learning and reference how to evaluate the smart growth quantificationally. Based on the analysis on the western theories and the practices on the smart growth, the paper selects Nanjing, a regional central city in the developed east area of China as an example and establishes the evaluation index system suiting for the smart growth of China by borrowing the domestic and overseas experiences. Upon the integrated evaluation on the smart growth of Nanjing and other36provincial-level cities in China in the past15years, the paper analyzes the major elements and the internal mechanism affecting the urban smart growth, and proposes the strategic measures and proposals for optimizing the urban growth of Nanjing according to the analysis on the natural and historical urban growth of Nanjing.
Firstly, the paper studies and summarizes the smart growth theory and practice analysis (Chapter1,2and3); in which the theoretical connotation is tapped and explored deeply, and the research angle for the substance space is turned into the efficient use of the urban space and the improvement on the urban space quality; secondly, the paper sorts out the urban space growth process of Nanjing historically and systematically from its natural conditions, social economic development and policy guides, and analyzes the main factors affecting its urban space growth (Chapter4); additionally, by borrowing the existing research achievements of the domestic and overseas scholars and the urban reality of China, the paper establishes a practically and purposely integrated evaluation indicator framework for the urban smart growth from urban growth intensity, urban growth benefit and urban growth harmony level; finally, the paper analyzes the smart growth status and changes of Nanjing among the same cities in whole China in a quantitative mode by referring to the provincial capital cities, municipalities directly under the Central Government and the sub-provincial cities in China (Chapter5), and thence provides the corresponding policy measure proposals for the future urban smart growth of Nanjing in the view of defining urban growth border, optimizing town layout structure, enhancing public transit priority and implementing public administration policies in accordance with the evaluation on the natural conditions and the analysis on the urban development demands of Nanjing, as well as the overall urban planning layout and the smart growth evaluation of Nanjing (Chapter6).
The main conclusions of the paper are:it is an inevitable choice for China's urban development to expand and grow the urban space based on the smart growth; the essence of the smart growth is to adjust and control the urban expansion integrated strategy; the space expansion mode of Nanjing for its construction land is needed to optimize. Nanjing is located in the developed east area with tight people-land relation and weak ecological environment, where there are sharp conflicts between its economic and urban development and its farmland protection and ecological protection, and the land resources environment and social issues highlight in the rapid urban restructure process. Therefore, it is more urgent to select the smart urban growth. The specific strategies are as follows:based on the smart growth strategy, select the metropolitan area as the future social and economic development focus of Nanjing, establish the town growth border, protect the basic farmlands and ecological lands; in view of the construction land expansion in the metropolitan area, select the leap and grouped expansion pattern to form the multi-center metropolis space layout and protect the ecological space and the scenic spot resources with ecological safety significance according to the environmental condition with the dense hills and rivers. It is key to solve the future urban growth issues of Nanjing by integrating with the implementation on the smart growth strategy to push the urbanized area of Nanjing for smart growth.
Innovations of the paper:The paper explores the adaptability of the Smart Growth on the regulation of China's urbanization process, establishes a set of comprehensive smart growth evaluation index system suited to China's urban characteristics,puts forward the comprehensive urban smart growth strategy suitable for China's big cities. The smart growth strategy has not only the active optimization and adjustment role for the rational expansion of urban space, but also the active role in pushing the coordinated development of the society, economy and ecological environment of the whole city. Based on the adjustment, control, practice and analysis on the domestic and overseas urban space expansion from the viewpoint of the smart growth, the paper summarizes the space expansion characteristics and the changes in the corresponding regulation and control ideology at the urbanization speed-up stage, and provides the reference opportunity for the urban space expansion of China oriented by GDP and deviated from the fundamental realities, resource-environment base and urbanization requirements. Based on the analysis on the urban space growth history and environmental viewpoint of Nanjing from the viewpoint of the smart growth and by integrating with the evaluation on the integrated performance of the urban smart growth, as well as the quantitative analysis and orientation on the urban growth intensive level of Nanjing among the same cities in whole China, the paper provides the proposals for optimizing the urban growth of Nanjing.
引文
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