基于Ethernet/IP协议的数据通信接口研究
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摘要
近年来,随着以太网技术在工业控制领域的广泛应用,Ethernet/IP作为解决网络中数据传输速率低,缺乏透明度,软件和维护费用高等问题的工业以太网新方案,得到越来越多的关注。Ethernet/IP是一个完全开放的技术,这种开放性使其很快的在世界范围内得以推广,国内外的许多大公司和研究机构看到这方面的商机,纷纷着手进行研究。
本文就是在这种背景下,基于Ethernet/IP进行从节点的开发与研究,主要针对Ethernet/IP的通信接口部分展开相关的研究工作。通过对Ethernet/IP的分析,设计了基于Ethernet/IP的通信协议栈程序并搭建了硬件平台,最后通过测试实验证明了课题的正确性与可行性。
本文首先分析了Ethernet/IP的对象模型、通信原理、传输方式以及数据封装格式,编写了EDS(Electronic Data Sheet ),然后设计了基于ARM的Linux操作系统硬件平台,包括:微处理器ARM9 S3C2440核心电路、存储电路(SDRAM、FLASH)、电源电路、系统复位电路、JTAG接口电路和以太网接口电路等,从现今常见的硬件平台和操作系统中选取各方面因素都比较优秀的设计方案,并绘制了protel电路原理图及PCB实验板,最终搭建了Ethernet/IP数据通信的硬件平台,并在其上嵌入了Linux操作系统(Linux 2.6.30版本),与PC机建立了交叉编译环境。宿主机是虚拟机VMware workstation+Red Hat Linux 9.0,目标机是自主搭建的Linux操作系统硬件平台。
在上述基础上,本文还用C语言编写了Ethernet/IP的通信协议栈程序,并在Linux下通过编译器GCC把程序转换成Linux C语言程序,然后在调试器GDB中链接调试程序至无错误,同时编写了工程管理文件makefile,进而在集成开发环境Eclipse下生成了可执行文件,最终完成了软件程序的设计过程。
最后对Ethernet/IP通信接口进行了测试:以woodhead公司的板卡PCU-ETHIO作为Ethernet/IP主站,通信接口硬件平台作为从站,完成了两者之间的显式报文以及I/O报文的通信传输过程,验证了该通信接口的正确性和可行性,为课题的进一步研究提供了正确的理论基础和实践经验。
In recent years, with Ethernet technology is widely used in industrial control field,Ethernet/IP has gotten more and more attention as a new plan for industrial Ethernet to solve the low data rate networks, lack of transparency, software and maintenance cost issues. Ethernet/IP is a completely open technology.And this feature make it to the world quickly, many large companies and research institutions have found business opportunities in this area and have started to study it.
In this context, the slave station is developed and researched ,which is based on the Industrial Ethernet protocol and mainly research on communication interface of Ethernet / IP.
In this paper the object model, communication theory, transmission and data encapsulation formats of the Ethernet/IP has been analyzed, and the EDS(Electronic Data Sheet) has been compiled.And then a Linux operating system hardware platform for the ARM has been designed, including: microprocessor ARM9 S3C2440 core circuit, memory circuit (SDRAM,FLASH), power circuit, system reset circuit, JTAG emulation circuit and Ethernet interface circuit. Select the good design from common hardwareplatform and operating system and the protel schematic and PCB test board have been drawn. Finally the Ethernet/IP data communications hardware platforms and embedded linux operating system (Linux 2.6.30 version) have been build and a cross-compiler environment to the PC has been established.
Based on the above, the Ethernet/IP communications protocol stack program with C programming languages which converts the program to C programming languages by the GCC in Linux this paper also has been written. And then it links the debugger GDB to the error-free. At the same time, the project management documentation“makefile”has been compiled, and then the executable file has been build in the Eclipse integrated development environment, then the software design process was completed.
Finally, the Ethernet/IP communication interface was need to be tested: the woodhead’s PCU-ETHIO was set as Ethernet/IP master station and communications interface hardware platform was set as slave station to complete explicit messages and I/O packet communications transmission between the two. And then the correctness and feasibility of the communication interface was verified.So it provides a correct theoretical basis and practical experience for the further study of the subject.
本文就是在这种背景下,基于Ethernet/IP进行从节点的开发与研究,主要针对Ethernet/IP的通信接口部分展开相关的研究工作。通过对Ethernet/IP的分析,设计了基于Ethernet/IP的通信协议栈程序并搭建了硬件平台,最后通过测试实验证明了课题的正确性与可行性。
本文首先分析了Ethernet/IP的对象模型、通信原理、传输方式以及数据封装格式,编写了EDS(Electronic Data Sheet ),然后设计了基于ARM的Linux操作系统硬件平台,包括:微处理器ARM9 S3C2440核心电路、存储电路(SDRAM、FLASH)、电源电路、系统复位电路、JTAG接口电路和以太网接口电路等,从现今常见的硬件平台和操作系统中选取各方面因素都比较优秀的设计方案,并绘制了protel电路原理图及PCB实验板,最终搭建了Ethernet/IP数据通信的硬件平台,并在其上嵌入了Linux操作系统(Linux 2.6.30版本),与PC机建立了交叉编译环境。宿主机是虚拟机VMware workstation+Red Hat Linux 9.0,目标机是自主搭建的Linux操作系统硬件平台。
在上述基础上,本文还用C语言编写了Ethernet/IP的通信协议栈程序,并在Linux下通过编译器GCC把程序转换成Linux C语言程序,然后在调试器GDB中链接调试程序至无错误,同时编写了工程管理文件makefile,进而在集成开发环境Eclipse下生成了可执行文件,最终完成了软件程序的设计过程。
最后对Ethernet/IP通信接口进行了测试:以woodhead公司的板卡PCU-ETHIO作为Ethernet/IP主站,通信接口硬件平台作为从站,完成了两者之间的显式报文以及I/O报文的通信传输过程,验证了该通信接口的正确性和可行性,为课题的进一步研究提供了正确的理论基础和实践经验。
In recent years, with Ethernet technology is widely used in industrial control field,Ethernet/IP has gotten more and more attention as a new plan for industrial Ethernet to solve the low data rate networks, lack of transparency, software and maintenance cost issues. Ethernet/IP is a completely open technology.And this feature make it to the world quickly, many large companies and research institutions have found business opportunities in this area and have started to study it.
In this context, the slave station is developed and researched ,which is based on the Industrial Ethernet protocol and mainly research on communication interface of Ethernet / IP.
In this paper the object model, communication theory, transmission and data encapsulation formats of the Ethernet/IP has been analyzed, and the EDS(Electronic Data Sheet) has been compiled.And then a Linux operating system hardware platform for the ARM has been designed, including: microprocessor ARM9 S3C2440 core circuit, memory circuit (SDRAM,FLASH), power circuit, system reset circuit, JTAG emulation circuit and Ethernet interface circuit. Select the good design from common hardwareplatform and operating system and the protel schematic and PCB test board have been drawn. Finally the Ethernet/IP data communications hardware platforms and embedded linux operating system (Linux 2.6.30 version) have been build and a cross-compiler environment to the PC has been established.
Based on the above, the Ethernet/IP communications protocol stack program with C programming languages which converts the program to C programming languages by the GCC in Linux this paper also has been written. And then it links the debugger GDB to the error-free. At the same time, the project management documentation“makefile”has been compiled, and then the executable file has been build in the Eclipse integrated development environment, then the software design process was completed.
Finally, the Ethernet/IP communication interface was need to be tested: the woodhead’s PCU-ETHIO was set as Ethernet/IP master station and communications interface hardware platform was set as slave station to complete explicit messages and I/O packet communications transmission between the two. And then the correctness and feasibility of the communication interface was verified.So it provides a correct theoretical basis and practical experience for the further study of the subject.
引文
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[4] CIP Common Specification[S].Release 1.0. 2001 by ControlNet International and Open DeviceNet Vendor association.
[5]谢维盛.Ethernet/IP通信适配器的软件设计与实现[D].厦门大学硕士论文. 2008.05.01
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[19]杜冠.基于ARM的嵌入式Linux系统移植的研究与实现[D].华中科技大学硕士论文.2006.05.01
[20] Ethernet/IP Developer Recommendations White Paper[S].Release 1.00. 2001,by ControlNet International,and Open DeviceNet Vendor Association,and Industrial Ethernet Association (IEA).
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[23]徐英慧、马忠梅、王磊、王琳.ARM9嵌入式操作系统设计——基于S3C2410与Linux[M].北京航空航天出版社.2007.9.169-171
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[25]陈颐.ARM9嵌入式技术及嵌入式Linux高级实践教程[M].北京:北京航天航空大学出版社.2005
[26]刘鲁新、权进国、林孝康.ARM9处理器与ARM7处理器比较[J].电子技术应用.2004.13-15
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[28]陆超.工业现场总线与以太网接口技术和通讯协议的研究[D].江南大学.2006
[29]张飞舟、邓旭明、王豪.嵌入式工业以太网接口的开发与应用[J].计算机工程.2003.154-156
[30]吕昌泰、罗永刚.嵌入式以太网接口的研究与设计[J].微计算机信息.2006.68-70
[31]胡宾鑫、方方.一种嵌入式以太网接口的设计与实现[J].汕头大学学报(自然科学版).2003.(02)
[32]基于VxWorks的S3C2440开发板上DM9000网络芯片驱动开发[D].西安电子科技大学
[33]郭建磊.基于S3C2440和Linux的嵌入式网络驱动程序开发[D].青岛大学硕士论文. 2009.04.10
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[36]吴红兵.基于S3C2440平台的Bootloader移植分析[J].科技信息.2008:29.58-59
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