无线通信中平面微波滤波器的结构与性能研究
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摘要
随着无线通信技术的高速发展，使用不同频段、实现不同功能的各种通信协议不断被提出，使得频谱资源的有限性和通信频段的多样性之间的矛盾成为制约无线通信技术进一步发展的瓶颈。因此，可以有效缓解这一矛盾的高性能微波滤波器受到了越来越多的关注。同时，移动通信系统，尤其是便携式终端的快速发展对无线通信设备的小型化提出越来越高的要求，极大地促进了平面微波滤波器的发展，小型化高性能平面滤波器成为滤波器研究的热门领域之一。本论文针对于平面微波滤波器设计中的双模谐振器结构、多通带滤波器的实现形式、多谐振器滤波器快速优化等关键问题进行了深入的研究，主要工作如下：
首先，通过与微带结构双模谐振器的比较提出新型双模缺陷地面结构谐振器，并对其谐振模式及其谐振频率的变化规律进行了深入分析。系统地分析了馈线位置与新型谐振器两种谐振模式外部品质因数的关系，并使用源和负载无耦合及源和负载具有容性耦合的外部耦合方式实现了具有宽阻带的带通滤波器。引入绕线结构缩小谐振器尺寸，并基于含绕线结构的双模缺陷地面结构谐振器实现了小型化带通滤波器。
其次，将新型双模缺陷地面结构谐振器应用于多通带滤波器设计，使用两个双模缺陷地面结构谐振器级联和并联的方式分别实现了双通带滤波器。使用嵌套形式的双模缺陷地面结构谐振器实现了小型化双通带、三通带、四通带滤波器。将绕线结构引入嵌套双模缺陷地面结构谐振器当中，实现结构更为紧凑双通带滤波器。进一步缩小尺寸，使用多层绕线结构设计的小型化双模缺陷地面结构谐振器实现了只含一个谐振器的双通带滤波器。
再次，将新型双模缺陷地面结构谐振器和常规微带结构谐振器混合使用设计多通带滤波器，基于并联双模谐振器结构实现了具有二到五个通带的多通带滤波器。采用新型耦合方式实现了具有感性源和负载耦合的高选择性双通带滤波器及具有容性源和负载耦合的小型化高选择性三通带滤波器。
最后，深入分析了主动空间映射、隐式空间映射、调谐空间映射等优化方法的思想及其具体使用方法，分别使用三种优化方法对具有相同设计指标要求的高温超导滤波器进行仿真设计，并且对三种优化方法收敛性进行比较进而提出新型的优化方法-混合空间映射优化方法。使用该方法进行了具有20个谐振器的高温超导滤波器的仿真设计并且通过该实例验证了混合空间映射优化方法对于复杂结构平面微波滤波器设计的有效性。
With the rapid development of the wireless communication technology, many newcommunication protocols, which are using different frequency bands and working fordifferent purposes, have been proposed. The contradiction between the limit of thefrequency spectrum and the diversity of the communication bands became thebottleneck of the further development of the communication technology. Therefore,high performance microwave filters, which can solve the problem, have attracted muchmore attentions. At the same time, the development of the mobile communicationsystems, especially the development of the portable handsets, have created everincreasing demand for miniaturized wireless communication equipments, andstimulated the development of the planar microwave filters which became the one of themost attractive research areas. The dissertation makes deeply insight into the importantissues concern the design of planar microwave filters, such as the structure of thedual-mode resonators, the realization of the multi-band bandpass filters and rapidoptimization of the filters which has many resonators, and it is summarized as follows.
Firstly, based on the comparison with the microstrip dual-mode resonators, noveldual-mode defected ground structure resonator (DDGSR) is developed, and its resonantcharacteristics and the regulation of the variation of the resonant frequencies are deeplyanalyzed. The relations between the external quality factors of the two modes of theDDGSR and the position of the feed lines are systematically analyzed. Bandpass filterswitch have wide stopband with or without capacitive source-load couplings aredesigned. Meander structures are introduced to the DDGSR to reduce the size of theresonator. Based on the DDGSR with meander structures, compact bandpass filter isrealized.
Secondly, use the DDGSRs in the multi-band bandpass filter design. Two DDGSRsare used in series or parallel to realize dual-band bandpass filters respectively. Thenested DDGSRs are used to design compact multi-band bandpass filters which have two,three even four passbands. More compact dual-band bandpass filter is realized byintroducing meander structures in the nested DDGSRs. To reduce the size of the filtersfurthurly, a single DDGSR with multi-level meander lines inside is used to realize adual-band bandpass filter.
Thirdly, use DDGSR and traditional microstrip structure resonators to constructhybrid type multi-band bandpass filters. Based on transversal filters which have different types of dual-mode resonators placed in parallel, multi-band bandpass filterswhich have two to five passbands are achieved. Using novel coupling schemes, such asinductive or capacitive source-load couplings, compact and high performance dual-bandand tri-band bandpass filters are realized.
Fourthly, deeply analysis is performed on the thoughts and particular executionmethods about the aggressive, implicit and tuning space mapping optimization methods.Using these three types of space mapping methods optimize high temperaturesuperconductor filters with same design targets, respectively. Novel hybrid spacemapping optimization method is developed based on the comparison of theconvergences of the results above. Using the novel optimization method, a hightemperature superconductor filter which has20resonators is successfully designed. Andthis design example verifies the validity of this optimization method for optimization ofthe planar microwave filters with complicated structures.
首先，通过与微带结构双模谐振器的比较提出新型双模缺陷地面结构谐振器，并对其谐振模式及其谐振频率的变化规律进行了深入分析。系统地分析了馈线位置与新型谐振器两种谐振模式外部品质因数的关系，并使用源和负载无耦合及源和负载具有容性耦合的外部耦合方式实现了具有宽阻带的带通滤波器。引入绕线结构缩小谐振器尺寸，并基于含绕线结构的双模缺陷地面结构谐振器实现了小型化带通滤波器。
其次，将新型双模缺陷地面结构谐振器应用于多通带滤波器设计，使用两个双模缺陷地面结构谐振器级联和并联的方式分别实现了双通带滤波器。使用嵌套形式的双模缺陷地面结构谐振器实现了小型化双通带、三通带、四通带滤波器。将绕线结构引入嵌套双模缺陷地面结构谐振器当中，实现结构更为紧凑双通带滤波器。进一步缩小尺寸，使用多层绕线结构设计的小型化双模缺陷地面结构谐振器实现了只含一个谐振器的双通带滤波器。
再次，将新型双模缺陷地面结构谐振器和常规微带结构谐振器混合使用设计多通带滤波器，基于并联双模谐振器结构实现了具有二到五个通带的多通带滤波器。采用新型耦合方式实现了具有感性源和负载耦合的高选择性双通带滤波器及具有容性源和负载耦合的小型化高选择性三通带滤波器。
最后，深入分析了主动空间映射、隐式空间映射、调谐空间映射等优化方法的思想及其具体使用方法，分别使用三种优化方法对具有相同设计指标要求的高温超导滤波器进行仿真设计，并且对三种优化方法收敛性进行比较进而提出新型的优化方法-混合空间映射优化方法。使用该方法进行了具有20个谐振器的高温超导滤波器的仿真设计并且通过该实例验证了混合空间映射优化方法对于复杂结构平面微波滤波器设计的有效性。
With the rapid development of the wireless communication technology, many newcommunication protocols, which are using different frequency bands and working fordifferent purposes, have been proposed. The contradiction between the limit of thefrequency spectrum and the diversity of the communication bands became thebottleneck of the further development of the communication technology. Therefore,high performance microwave filters, which can solve the problem, have attracted muchmore attentions. At the same time, the development of the mobile communicationsystems, especially the development of the portable handsets, have created everincreasing demand for miniaturized wireless communication equipments, andstimulated the development of the planar microwave filters which became the one of themost attractive research areas. The dissertation makes deeply insight into the importantissues concern the design of planar microwave filters, such as the structure of thedual-mode resonators, the realization of the multi-band bandpass filters and rapidoptimization of the filters which has many resonators, and it is summarized as follows.
Firstly, based on the comparison with the microstrip dual-mode resonators, noveldual-mode defected ground structure resonator (DDGSR) is developed, and its resonantcharacteristics and the regulation of the variation of the resonant frequencies are deeplyanalyzed. The relations between the external quality factors of the two modes of theDDGSR and the position of the feed lines are systematically analyzed. Bandpass filterswitch have wide stopband with or without capacitive source-load couplings aredesigned. Meander structures are introduced to the DDGSR to reduce the size of theresonator. Based on the DDGSR with meander structures, compact bandpass filter isrealized.
Secondly, use the DDGSRs in the multi-band bandpass filter design. Two DDGSRsare used in series or parallel to realize dual-band bandpass filters respectively. Thenested DDGSRs are used to design compact multi-band bandpass filters which have two,three even four passbands. More compact dual-band bandpass filter is realized byintroducing meander structures in the nested DDGSRs. To reduce the size of the filtersfurthurly, a single DDGSR with multi-level meander lines inside is used to realize adual-band bandpass filter.
Thirdly, use DDGSR and traditional microstrip structure resonators to constructhybrid type multi-band bandpass filters. Based on transversal filters which have different types of dual-mode resonators placed in parallel, multi-band bandpass filterswhich have two to five passbands are achieved. Using novel coupling schemes, such asinductive or capacitive source-load couplings, compact and high performance dual-bandand tri-band bandpass filters are realized.
Fourthly, deeply analysis is performed on the thoughts and particular executionmethods about the aggressive, implicit and tuning space mapping optimization methods.Using these three types of space mapping methods optimize high temperaturesuperconductor filters with same design targets, respectively. Novel hybrid spacemapping optimization method is developed based on the comparison of theconvergences of the results above. Using the novel optimization method, a hightemperature superconductor filter which has20resonators is successfully designed. Andthis design example verifies the validity of this optimization method for optimization ofthe planar microwave filters with complicated structures.
引文
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