室内空气品质与生物体的血液力学特性的相关性研究
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摘要
随着科技的发展，越来越多的人们长时间生活在带有现代空调系统的室内。室内空气品质（IAQ）对人们的生理活动产生着巨大的影响。为了对室内空气品质进行有效的评价，国内外的同行做了大量研究，但到目前在理论上还不能充分理解IAQ的本质，因而现有的IAQ标准仍有许多是基于常识而不是科学，缺乏对IAQ系统而全面的认识。
血液流变学在医学上的应用已经相当广泛，它可以有助于我们在临床上对疾病的诊断、预防和治疗。用动物实验的方法来研究室内空气品质，把室内空气品质与生物体血液流变学指标结合起来研究是本文的一个创新。本文通过搭建可以改变通风方式和送风速度的实验模型，对实验动物进行血液流变学研究。主要研究内容和结果如下：
① 搭建实验装置，该装置可以分别实现异侧上送下回、下送上回、上送上回和同侧上送下回和下送上回5种通风方式，并通过一轴流风扇把经空调处理过的室内风送入装置内，送风速度可以改变。为了验证所构建实验装置的合理性，先用热线风速仪对装置内送风方向上中垂面的风速进行测量，然后用Fluent软件对装置进行数值模拟，得出了与实测数据相一致的结论。在整个实验区域，有超过80%区域的流速低于0.3m/s，证明实验装置是有效的。
② 在动物实验部分，以豚鼠为实验研究动物，分别取室内温度为18℃和28℃；相对湿度为70%和50%；通风方式选取典型的异侧上送下回和下送上回，进行其中的8组实验。把豚鼠在实验装置中喂养10天，让其自由进食，然后从心脏采血5～10ml，测出血液粘度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原和红细胞电泳时间等血液流变学指标。
③ 对所得的实验数据进行分析、整理，得出了室内送风温度、湿度和送风方式与血液流变学指标的定量关系。为今后进一步的研究：建立一套用血液流变学指标反映室内空气品质的体系打下了坚实的基础。
With the development of science and technology, more and more people spend much time living in the room with modern air conditioning system. Indoor air quality (IAQ) has a great influence on people's physiological actions. To appraise IAQ effectively, professionals at home and abroad have done some researches. But at present, we can't understand the essence of IAQ theoretically, so most of the criteria of IAQ based on the common rather than the science. Have a scarce systematic knowledge in IAQ.
Haemorheology has a wide use in the medical field. It's very useful to diagnose, prevent and treat disease. Researches in IAQ by means of animal experimental and combining the IAQ with the index of haemorheology is a creativeness of this paper. This paper studies the Haemorheology of experimental animal by establishing the model test, which can change the ventilation mode and the velocity of air supply. The chief contents and results are as follow:
① Establishing text installation, this installation can realize respectively ventilation mode on the opposite side: up-inlet and down-outlet, down-inlet and up-outlet, up-inlet and up-outlet, and can realize respectively ventilation mode on the same side: up-inlet and down-outlet, down-inlet and up-outlet. The indoor air, which is done with by air conditioning, is sent into installation by an axis-fan, and we can change the velocity of air supply. To verify the validity of the ventilation installation established, measure the air velocity of a vertical surface by hot-wire anemometer firstly, and then have a numerical simulation to the ventilation installation using the Fluent. The results accord with experiment data fairly. In the whole experimental field, most of the air velocity (>80%) less than 0.3m/s, so this shows the validity of the ventilation installation established.
In the part of animal experiment, we use guinea-pig as experimental animals. Take respectively the temperature: 18℃ and 28℃,take respectively the humidity: 70% and 50%; take up-inlet and down-outlet on the opposite side and down-inlet and up-outlet on the opposite side as the ventilation mode, and Proceed 8 group experiment among of them. Keep guinea-pigs staying in installation for 10 days, let alone eat and drink, and then take the blood 5～10ml from their hearts. In this experiment, we measure the haemorheology index of creature such as blood viscosity, accumulation
② index of red cells, deformation index of red cells, H of red cells, fibrinogen, EPM time of red cells, and so on, by changing the temperature, humidity and air supply mode.
③ And then analyses the data, conclude the quantitative relationship between the temperature, humidity and air supply mode and haemorheology index. So these work descend the solid foundation for tomorrow study: establish a set of system to reflect IAQ with haemorheology index.
血液流变学在医学上的应用已经相当广泛，它可以有助于我们在临床上对疾病的诊断、预防和治疗。用动物实验的方法来研究室内空气品质，把室内空气品质与生物体血液流变学指标结合起来研究是本文的一个创新。本文通过搭建可以改变通风方式和送风速度的实验模型，对实验动物进行血液流变学研究。主要研究内容和结果如下：
① 搭建实验装置，该装置可以分别实现异侧上送下回、下送上回、上送上回和同侧上送下回和下送上回5种通风方式，并通过一轴流风扇把经空调处理过的室内风送入装置内，送风速度可以改变。为了验证所构建实验装置的合理性，先用热线风速仪对装置内送风方向上中垂面的风速进行测量，然后用Fluent软件对装置进行数值模拟，得出了与实测数据相一致的结论。在整个实验区域，有超过80%区域的流速低于0.3m/s，证明实验装置是有效的。
② 在动物实验部分，以豚鼠为实验研究动物，分别取室内温度为18℃和28℃；相对湿度为70%和50%；通风方式选取典型的异侧上送下回和下送上回，进行其中的8组实验。把豚鼠在实验装置中喂养10天，让其自由进食，然后从心脏采血5～10ml，测出血液粘度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原和红细胞电泳时间等血液流变学指标。
③ 对所得的实验数据进行分析、整理，得出了室内送风温度、湿度和送风方式与血液流变学指标的定量关系。为今后进一步的研究：建立一套用血液流变学指标反映室内空气品质的体系打下了坚实的基础。
With the development of science and technology, more and more people spend much time living in the room with modern air conditioning system. Indoor air quality (IAQ) has a great influence on people's physiological actions. To appraise IAQ effectively, professionals at home and abroad have done some researches. But at present, we can't understand the essence of IAQ theoretically, so most of the criteria of IAQ based on the common rather than the science. Have a scarce systematic knowledge in IAQ.
Haemorheology has a wide use in the medical field. It's very useful to diagnose, prevent and treat disease. Researches in IAQ by means of animal experimental and combining the IAQ with the index of haemorheology is a creativeness of this paper. This paper studies the Haemorheology of experimental animal by establishing the model test, which can change the ventilation mode and the velocity of air supply. The chief contents and results are as follow:
① Establishing text installation, this installation can realize respectively ventilation mode on the opposite side: up-inlet and down-outlet, down-inlet and up-outlet, up-inlet and up-outlet, and can realize respectively ventilation mode on the same side: up-inlet and down-outlet, down-inlet and up-outlet. The indoor air, which is done with by air conditioning, is sent into installation by an axis-fan, and we can change the velocity of air supply. To verify the validity of the ventilation installation established, measure the air velocity of a vertical surface by hot-wire anemometer firstly, and then have a numerical simulation to the ventilation installation using the Fluent. The results accord with experiment data fairly. In the whole experimental field, most of the air velocity (>80%) less than 0.3m/s, so this shows the validity of the ventilation installation established.
In the part of animal experiment, we use guinea-pig as experimental animals. Take respectively the temperature: 18℃ and 28℃,take respectively the humidity: 70% and 50%; take up-inlet and down-outlet on the opposite side and down-inlet and up-outlet on the opposite side as the ventilation mode, and Proceed 8 group experiment among of them. Keep guinea-pigs staying in installation for 10 days, let alone eat and drink, and then take the blood 5～10ml from their hearts. In this experiment, we measure the haemorheology index of creature such as blood viscosity, accumulation
② index of red cells, deformation index of red cells, H of red cells, fibrinogen, EPM time of red cells, and so on, by changing the temperature, humidity and air supply mode.
③ And then analyses the data, conclude the quantitative relationship between the temperature, humidity and air supply mode and haemorheology index. So these work descend the solid foundation for tomorrow study: establish a set of system to reflect IAQ with haemorheology index.
引文
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[7] P·O·范格,21世纪的室内空气品质:追求优异,暖通空调,2000,30（3）
[8] 范家骏等,血液流变学基础与临床,西安,陕西科技出版社,1995
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[13] Bjarne W Olesen, International of standards for ventilation of building, ASHRAE J,1997,(4):31～39
[14] 李先庭,杨建荣,王欣,室内空气品质研究现状与发展,暖通空调,2000,30（3）:36～40
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