无锡蠡湖湖滨湿地植被修复与景观重建研究
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摘要
湖滨湿地是湖泊水域生态系统和陆域生态系统之间的过渡带，在拦截陆域污染物、净化湖泊水体、保持湖泊生态系统和生物多样性稳定等方面发挥了积极作用，是湖泊生态系统的重要组成部分。近年来，无锡市对蠡湖湖滨湿地进行了一系列大规模的生态修复综合治理工作。论文研究了蠡湖湖滨湿地生态修复与景观重建原理与技术，探讨影响湖滨湿地生态系统退化的主要因素，在此基础上研究了蠡湖湖滨湿地植被生态修复和景观重建的生态学原理与景观适宜性评价。论文的主要研究结果如下：
（1）针对蠡湖湖滨湿地水体中的氮、磷污染物特点，运用生态浮岛-生物膜技术、仿生植物-脱氮细菌技术、释放通道阻隔技术、浮游动物培育技术、滤食性渔类净化技术、人工促降技术、水生植物吸收存储技术、聚磷吸收沉降技术、底泥氮磷释放等措施，来消减和控制湖滨湿地水体的氮、磷含量，进一步改善湖滨湿地水质。同时针对湖滨湿地自然环境特征，采用生长床-沉水植物移植、浅根系沉水植被修复、深根系沉水植被修复，扎根浮叶植被修复等四种技术措施来进行湖滨湿地植被生态修复。
（2）综合运用遥感技术对蠡湖湖滨湿地生态修复前后景观生态格局及演变进行分析，得出湖滨湿地区域内绿地、林地和水域面积以及水域破碎度都有所增加，这充分表明，经过实施生态修复工程，蠡湖湖滨湿地内的水体分布更为广泛，水体对周围环境的渗透也在增强，这无疑有利于维持蠡湖湖滨湿地整体的生态系统平衡。
（3）从湖滨湿地景观稳定性、优美性、自然性以及服务性四个层面，开展湖滨湿地景观适宜性的预测和评价。经过综合分析得出蠡湖湖滨湿地多个区域的景观适宜性趋于高度适宜和中度适宜。因此，可以得出，经过实施生态修复与景观重建工程，蠡湖湖滨湿地景观正呈现出丰富、多样、协调趋势。
（4）实施生态修复工程后，蠡湖湖滨湿地水质得到了一定程度的改善，悬浮物含量变动在8.4-20.7mg/L之间，总氮含量均值为1.47mg/L，处于地表水质标准（GB3838－2002）的IV类水标准范围，溶解性总氮（DTN）的均值为1.14mg/L，占总氮的78%，总磷的浓度均值为0.064mg/L。
Wetland is a transitional zone between the lake aquatic ecosystem and landecosystem, in the intercept pollutants purification of lake water, land, conservationof lake ecosystem and biodiversity plays an active role, is an important componentof the lake ecosystem. In recent years, Wuxi City, a series of large-scale ecologicalrestoration of comprehensive treatment of Lihu Lake wetland. The paper studies theprinciple and technology of Lihu Lake wetland ecological restoration and landscapereconstruction, to explore the influence factors of degraded lakeside wetlandecological system, on the basis of the research on ecology principle Lihu Lakewetland vegetation ecological restoration and landscape reconstruction andsuitability evaluation technology. The main results are as follows:
(1) according to the characteristics of Lihu Lake Wetland nitrogen, phosphoruspollutants, using ecological floating island-biofilm technology, bionic-denitrification bacteria, release channel barrier technology, planktonic animalbreeding technology, filter-feeding fish purification technology, artificial and droptechnique, aquatic plants absorb storage technology, phosphorus absorption andsedimentation technique, nitrogen and phosphorus release from sediments and othermeasures, to control and reduce lakeside wetland water nitrogen, phosphorus content,to further improve the water quality of Lake wetland. Aiming at the lakeside wetlandnatural environment characteristics, the growth of submerged macrophyte bed-transplantation, shallow roots submerged vegetation restoration, deep rootssubmerged vegetation restoration, rooted floating vegetation restoration of fourtechnology measures for ecological restoration of wetland vegetation in the lake.
(2) the integrated use of remote sensing technique to analyze the Lihu Lakewetland ecological restoration and landscape ecological pattern and evolution, thewetland area green space, an area of woodland and water as well as waterfragmentation increased, which indicates that, after the implementation of ecologicalrestoration project, water distribution Lihu Lake Wetland within the broaderinfiltration water, the surrounding environment is also enhanced, which willundoubtedly help maintain wetland lakeside Lihu lake ecosystem balance.
(3) from the lakeside wetland landscape stability, graceful, natural and servicelevel Four, development of wetland landscape suitability evaluation and prediction.According to the analysis of Lihu Lake Wetland in many regions of the landscape tends to be highly appropriate and moderate suitable. Thus, can draw, after theimplementation of ecological restoration and landscape reconstruction project, LihuLake wetland landscape is showing a rich, diverse, coordination trend.
(4) the implementation of ecological restoration projects, Lihu Lake wetland waterquality has been improved to a certain extent, suspended matter content between thechange in the8.4-20.7mg/L, the mean total nitrogen content is1.47mg/L, in thesurface water quality standard (GB38382002) class IV water standard range, totaldissolved nitrogen (DTN) and the mean1.14mg/L,78%of total nitrogen, totalphosphorus concentration mean0.064mg/L.
（1）针对蠡湖湖滨湿地水体中的氮、磷污染物特点，运用生态浮岛-生物膜技术、仿生植物-脱氮细菌技术、释放通道阻隔技术、浮游动物培育技术、滤食性渔类净化技术、人工促降技术、水生植物吸收存储技术、聚磷吸收沉降技术、底泥氮磷释放等措施，来消减和控制湖滨湿地水体的氮、磷含量，进一步改善湖滨湿地水质。同时针对湖滨湿地自然环境特征，采用生长床-沉水植物移植、浅根系沉水植被修复、深根系沉水植被修复，扎根浮叶植被修复等四种技术措施来进行湖滨湿地植被生态修复。
（2）综合运用遥感技术对蠡湖湖滨湿地生态修复前后景观生态格局及演变进行分析，得出湖滨湿地区域内绿地、林地和水域面积以及水域破碎度都有所增加，这充分表明，经过实施生态修复工程，蠡湖湖滨湿地内的水体分布更为广泛，水体对周围环境的渗透也在增强，这无疑有利于维持蠡湖湖滨湿地整体的生态系统平衡。
（3）从湖滨湿地景观稳定性、优美性、自然性以及服务性四个层面，开展湖滨湿地景观适宜性的预测和评价。经过综合分析得出蠡湖湖滨湿地多个区域的景观适宜性趋于高度适宜和中度适宜。因此，可以得出，经过实施生态修复与景观重建工程，蠡湖湖滨湿地景观正呈现出丰富、多样、协调趋势。
（4）实施生态修复工程后，蠡湖湖滨湿地水质得到了一定程度的改善，悬浮物含量变动在8.4-20.7mg/L之间，总氮含量均值为1.47mg/L，处于地表水质标准（GB3838－2002）的IV类水标准范围，溶解性总氮（DTN）的均值为1.14mg/L，占总氮的78%，总磷的浓度均值为0.064mg/L。
Wetland is a transitional zone between the lake aquatic ecosystem and landecosystem, in the intercept pollutants purification of lake water, land, conservationof lake ecosystem and biodiversity plays an active role, is an important componentof the lake ecosystem. In recent years, Wuxi City, a series of large-scale ecologicalrestoration of comprehensive treatment of Lihu Lake wetland. The paper studies theprinciple and technology of Lihu Lake wetland ecological restoration and landscapereconstruction, to explore the influence factors of degraded lakeside wetlandecological system, on the basis of the research on ecology principle Lihu Lakewetland vegetation ecological restoration and landscape reconstruction andsuitability evaluation technology. The main results are as follows:
(1) according to the characteristics of Lihu Lake Wetland nitrogen, phosphoruspollutants, using ecological floating island-biofilm technology, bionic-denitrification bacteria, release channel barrier technology, planktonic animalbreeding technology, filter-feeding fish purification technology, artificial and droptechnique, aquatic plants absorb storage technology, phosphorus absorption andsedimentation technique, nitrogen and phosphorus release from sediments and othermeasures, to control and reduce lakeside wetland water nitrogen, phosphorus content,to further improve the water quality of Lake wetland. Aiming at the lakeside wetlandnatural environment characteristics, the growth of submerged macrophyte bed-transplantation, shallow roots submerged vegetation restoration, deep rootssubmerged vegetation restoration, rooted floating vegetation restoration of fourtechnology measures for ecological restoration of wetland vegetation in the lake.
(2) the integrated use of remote sensing technique to analyze the Lihu Lakewetland ecological restoration and landscape ecological pattern and evolution, thewetland area green space, an area of woodland and water as well as waterfragmentation increased, which indicates that, after the implementation of ecologicalrestoration project, water distribution Lihu Lake Wetland within the broaderinfiltration water, the surrounding environment is also enhanced, which willundoubtedly help maintain wetland lakeside Lihu lake ecosystem balance.
(3) from the lakeside wetland landscape stability, graceful, natural and servicelevel Four, development of wetland landscape suitability evaluation and prediction.According to the analysis of Lihu Lake Wetland in many regions of the landscape tends to be highly appropriate and moderate suitable. Thus, can draw, after theimplementation of ecological restoration and landscape reconstruction project, LihuLake wetland landscape is showing a rich, diverse, coordination trend.
(4) the implementation of ecological restoration projects, Lihu Lake wetland waterquality has been improved to a certain extent, suspended matter content between thechange in the8.4-20.7mg/L, the mean total nitrogen content is1.47mg/L, in thesurface water quality standard (GB38382002) class IV water standard range, totaldissolved nitrogen (DTN) and the mean1.14mg/L,78%of total nitrogen, totalphosphorus concentration mean0.064mg/L.
引文
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