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从顺应论的角度看英语新闻标题的汉译
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摘要
随着中西跨文化交流的日益加强,中国读者有更多的机会从报刊、电视以及互联网中接触到原汁原味的新闻内容。作为新闻的重要组成部分,新闻标题已经在大众传播领域的研究中得到越来越多的关注。在翻译领域,对新闻标题翻译的研究也已经起步,但焦点多集中在具体的翻译策略及技巧上。
     本文试图运用维索尔伦的“语言顺应论”,从语用的角度来考察英语新闻标题的汉译,对影响新闻标题翻译的各种不同但又相互联系的语境因素作一探讨,以说明这些因素是如何影响新闻标题译者翻译的过程,而译者又是如何顺应各种不同的语境来达到他的交际需要,即通过具有新闻价值的译文标题来引起读者阅读的欲望。
     维索尔伦的语言顺应论认为,使用语言就是一个在不同的意识程度下,基于语言内部或者是外部的原因,尽可能在语言的每个层面上不断作出语言选择的过程。顺应性是语言的特性,它使人们能够实现交际的需要。顺应论从以下四个方面描述和解释语言的使用,包括语境关系顺应、语言结构顺应、顺应的动态性以及顺应过程的意识程度。维索尔伦把语境分为了语言性语境和交际语境,后者主要包括物理世界、社交世界以及心理世界,在第五章分析主体的部分,作者也将语言性语境细化分为了词汇、句法、语义和修辞。通过对原英语新闻标题以及汉译新闻标题在各个层面上的对比,本文作者认为各种不同的语境因素影响了标题译者的翻译过程,而新闻标题译者要顺应语言传统、物理世界以及社交世界中的各种因素来对语言进行选择,以达到译者的交际需要。在结论部分,基于第五章的分析,本文作者尝试性地提出了新闻标题汉译的顺应性模型,以对全文的分析作一总结。
With the strengthening of the intercultural communication between China and western countries, the field of news translation has attracted more and more attention. The research of news headline translation has started, but the focus is mainly on the concrete translating methods and techniques.
     This thesis attempts to explore news headline translation from a pragmatic perspective by adopting Jef Verschueren's Adaptation Theory. The theory argues that using language consists of the continuous making of linguistic choices in every possible level of language structure for linguistic and extra-linguistic reasons by the language users who use it consciously or unconsciously. According to Verschueren, context can be divided into linguistic context and communicative context, the latter mainly including physical world, social world and mental world. In the thesis, the author specifies the linguistic context into lexical, syntactical, semantic and rhetoric aspects. Under this theoretical framework, and by comparing and contrasting different levels of source news headlines and the corresponding target news headline, the author would like to reveal that different contextual correlates play a very important role in the translation process of news headline translation, and news headline translators have to adapt to linguistic convention as well as the factors in physical world and social world so as to approach their communicative need, which is to attract the Chinese audience to read the translated news headline by its embodied transferred news value. In conclusion, the author creates a tentative model of News Headline Translation under the framework of Adaptation Theory, which is based on the exemplification and analysis in Chapter Five of the thesis proper.
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