基于BIM的建筑工程信息集成与管理研究
|
摘要
我国建筑领域信息化发展的过程中,由于缺乏统一的信息交换标准和信息集成机制,造成建筑生命期的不同阶段和不同应用系统之间信息交换和共享困难,形成信息孤岛和信息断层,阻碍了信息技术在建筑领域的应用,从而影响建筑业的生产效率。因此,建立面向建筑生命期的管理体系,开发集成化的信息管理系统,已成为提高建筑行业信息化水平的重要研究方向和发展趋势。
本研究综合应用建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling,BIM)、信息标准以及信息集成技术的最新研究成果,引入建筑业国际标准IFC(Industry Foundation Classes),提出了基于BIM的工程信息管理体系与架构,建立了BIM体系结构、信息描述和扩展机制,解决了基于BIM的三维几何建模及模型转换、面向BIM子模型的信息提取与集成、BIM数据存储与访问等关键技术。在此基础上开发了BIM信息集成平台(BIM Information Integration Platform,BIMIIP),可实现结构化的IFC模型数据和非结构化的文档数据的读取、保存、提取、集成和扩展,子模型视图的定义,属性集及术语管理,BIM几何模型创建及转换等功能。为面向建筑全生命期的BIM信息的创建和应用,探索了可行的途径,为实现工程信息交换、共享和集成化管理,提供理论、方法、技术和平台。
本研究还提出了集成4D技术和过程模拟的建筑施工计划管理及优化方法,开发了相应的集成系统,不仅验证了所研究的BIM信息集成平台和关键技术,同时为建筑施工管理提供了一种更加有效的管理方法。最后,利用北京2008年奥运会国家体育场工程数据对BIMIIP的可行性和有效性进行了验证。
应用表明,本研究从理论和技术上研究并解决了建设项目不同阶段和不同应用系统之间的信息断层问题,为建筑生命期的信息交换、共享和集成化管理奠定基础。所开发的BIM信息集成平台BIMIIP具有较高实用价值和应用前景。
The information silo and information gap resulting in the lack of data exchange standards and information integration mechanism during the development of the informatization of the construction industry, has made it difficult for the exchange and sharing of information during the different phases and different application systems and blocked the application of information technology in the construction area. Therefore, it has become a research direction and trend to build up building lifecycle management framework and develop integrated information management system in order to enhance the application level of IT in building industry.
In the paper, BIM (Building Information Modeling), information standards and information integration technologies are comprehensively applied, and IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) standard is introduced. A BIM-based building information management system and framework is proposed. BIM architecture, information description, integration and extension mechanism are proposed. And the key technologies of BIM 3D geometric modeling and conversion, partial-BIM information extraction and integration, BIM data storage and access are researched. Based on these, a BIM Information Integration Platform (BIMIIP) is developed,which can read, save, extract, integrate and extend structured IFC model data and unstructured documents, define partial-model view, manage property set and concept term, create and convert BIM geometric model etc. The paper explored a feasible approach to create and apply BIM and provided theories, methodologies, technologies and platform for building information exchange, sharing and integration management.
Furthermore, an integration methodology of 4D technology and operations simulation for construction planning and optimization is proposed and the relative integrated prototype is developed, which verified the proposed BIMIIP and technologies, and formed a more effective method for construction management. In the end, the feasibility and validity of BIMIIP are tested with the project data from the National Stadium for Beijing 2008 Olympics.
The application indicates that the proposed theories and technologies in the paper solved the problem of information silo in different phases and applications in building projects, and laid a foundation for information exchange, sharing and integration in building lifecycle. The proposed BIMIIP possesses a high practical value and application prospect.
本研究综合应用建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling,BIM)、信息标准以及信息集成技术的最新研究成果,引入建筑业国际标准IFC(Industry Foundation Classes),提出了基于BIM的工程信息管理体系与架构,建立了BIM体系结构、信息描述和扩展机制,解决了基于BIM的三维几何建模及模型转换、面向BIM子模型的信息提取与集成、BIM数据存储与访问等关键技术。在此基础上开发了BIM信息集成平台(BIM Information Integration Platform,BIMIIP),可实现结构化的IFC模型数据和非结构化的文档数据的读取、保存、提取、集成和扩展,子模型视图的定义,属性集及术语管理,BIM几何模型创建及转换等功能。为面向建筑全生命期的BIM信息的创建和应用,探索了可行的途径,为实现工程信息交换、共享和集成化管理,提供理论、方法、技术和平台。
本研究还提出了集成4D技术和过程模拟的建筑施工计划管理及优化方法,开发了相应的集成系统,不仅验证了所研究的BIM信息集成平台和关键技术,同时为建筑施工管理提供了一种更加有效的管理方法。最后,利用北京2008年奥运会国家体育场工程数据对BIMIIP的可行性和有效性进行了验证。
应用表明,本研究从理论和技术上研究并解决了建设项目不同阶段和不同应用系统之间的信息断层问题,为建筑生命期的信息交换、共享和集成化管理奠定基础。所开发的BIM信息集成平台BIMIIP具有较高实用价值和应用前景。
The information silo and information gap resulting in the lack of data exchange standards and information integration mechanism during the development of the informatization of the construction industry, has made it difficult for the exchange and sharing of information during the different phases and different application systems and blocked the application of information technology in the construction area. Therefore, it has become a research direction and trend to build up building lifecycle management framework and develop integrated information management system in order to enhance the application level of IT in building industry.
In the paper, BIM (Building Information Modeling), information standards and information integration technologies are comprehensively applied, and IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) standard is introduced. A BIM-based building information management system and framework is proposed. BIM architecture, information description, integration and extension mechanism are proposed. And the key technologies of BIM 3D geometric modeling and conversion, partial-BIM information extraction and integration, BIM data storage and access are researched. Based on these, a BIM Information Integration Platform (BIMIIP) is developed,which can read, save, extract, integrate and extend structured IFC model data and unstructured documents, define partial-model view, manage property set and concept term, create and convert BIM geometric model etc. The paper explored a feasible approach to create and apply BIM and provided theories, methodologies, technologies and platform for building information exchange, sharing and integration management.
Furthermore, an integration methodology of 4D technology and operations simulation for construction planning and optimization is proposed and the relative integrated prototype is developed, which verified the proposed BIMIIP and technologies, and formed a more effective method for construction management. In the end, the feasibility and validity of BIMIIP are tested with the project data from the National Stadium for Beijing 2008 Olympics.
The application indicates that the proposed theories and technologies in the paper solved the problem of information silo in different phases and applications in building projects, and laid a foundation for information exchange, sharing and integration in building lifecycle. The proposed BIMIIP possesses a high practical value and application prospect.
引文
[1]方天培.计算机在建筑业中的应用与发展[J].建筑技术, 1997, 28(7): 498- 500.
[2]陈训.建筑工程全寿命信息管理(BLM)思想和应用的研究[硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学经济与管理学院, 2006.
[3]张建平,马智亮,任爱珠,等.信息化土木工程设计: Autodesk Civil 3D [M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2005.
[4]安雪晖.基于信息技术的建设项目生命周期管理[J].智能建筑与城市信息, 2003(4):70-72.
[5]李永奎.建筑工程生命周期信息管理(BLM)的理论与实现方法研究:组织、过程、信息与系统集成[博士学位论文].上海:同济大学经济与管理学院, 2007.
[6]赵国毅,石兴广,朱海波,等.CIMS技术应用与展望[J].山东机械, 2003(3): 40-42.
[7]张和明,熊光楞.制造企业的产品生命周期管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2006.
[8]熊光楞,张玉云,李伯虎. 863 / CIMS关键技术攻关项目“并行工程”简介,计算机集成制造系统,1996,3
[9] Fuller S K, Petersen S R. Life-Cycle Costing Manual for the Federal Energy Management Program [M/OL]. USA: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1995 [2009-4-13]. http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build96/PDF/ b96121.pdf.
[10]曲怀海,陈充君.土木CAD的信息化管理.山东交通科技, 2005(2):113-114.
[11] Marshall-Ponting A J, Aouad G. An nD modelling approach to improve communication processes for construction [J]. Automation in Construction, 2005, 14(3):311-321.
[12] Fu Changfeng, Aouad G, Marshall-Ponting A J, et al. IFC implementation in lifecycle costing [J]. Harbin Institute of Technology, 2004, 11(4):42-54.
[13]奔特力系统有限公司.建筑产业的先进观念——建筑信息模型[J].智能建筑与城市信息, 2005, 103(6):122-124.
[14]方立新,周琦,董卫.基于IFC标准的建筑全息模型[J].建筑技术开发, 2005, 32(2):98-100.
[15] McKinney K, Kim J, Fischer M, et al. Interactive 4D-CAD [C] // Proceedings of the Third Congress held in conjunction with A/E/C Systems. California, USA, 1996: 383-389.
[16] Collier E, Fischer M. Visual-Based Scheduling: 4D Modeling on the San Mateo County Health Center [C] // Proceedings of the Third Congress held in conjunction with A/E/C Systems. California, USA, 1996: 800-805.
[17] Froese T, Fischer M, Grobler F, et al. Industry foundation classes for project management - a trial implementation [J]. Information Technology in Construction, 1999, 4:17-36.
[18] Kam C, Fischer M, H?nninen R, et al. The product model and Fourth Dimension project [J]. Information Technology in Construction, 2003, 8(S):137-166.
[19] Adjei-Kumi T, Retik A. A Library-Based 4D Visualization of Construction Processed [C] // Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Information Visualisation. London, 1997:315-321.
[20] Rad H N, Khosrowshahi F. Visualization of Building Maintenance Through Time [C] // Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Information Visualisation. London, 1997:308-314.
[21]张建平,王洪钧.建筑施工4D++模型与4D项目管理系统的研究[J].土木工程学报, 2003, 36(3):70-78.
[22]张建平,曹铭,张洋.基于IFC标准和工程信息模型的建筑施工4D管理系统[J].工程力学, 2005, 22(Sup):220-227.
[23]张建平,郭杰,王盛卫,等.基于IFC标准和建筑设备集成的智能物业管理系统[J].清华大学学报, 2008, 48(6):940-946.
[24] National Institute of Building Sciences. United States National Building Information Modeling Standard Version 1 - Part 1: Overview, Principles, and Methodologies [S/OL]. [2009-4-13]. http://www.wbdg.org/pdfs/NBIMSv1_ p1.pdf.
[25]秦亮.建筑工程项目信息交换标准研究[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2004.
[26]马智亮,罗小春,李志新.基于万维网的工程项目管理系统综述[J].土木工程学报, 2006, 39(10):117-126.
[27] TC 184/SC 4. ISO 10303:1994 - Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Product Data Representation and Exchange[S]. USA: ISO, 1994.
[28] Gielingh W. An Assessment of the Current State of Product Data Technologies [J]. Computer-Aided Design, 2008, 40(7):750-759.
[29] International alliance for Interoperability. Industry Foundation Classes [S/OL]. [2009-4-13]. http://www.buildingsmart.com/.
[30] TC 184/SC 4. Industry Foundation Classes, Release 2x, Platform Specification (IFC2x Platform) [S]. USA: ISO, 2008.
[31] Wan C, Chen P-H, Tiong R L K. Assessment of IFCS for Structural Analysis Domain [J]. Information Technology in Construction, 2004, 9:75-95.
[32] Akinci B, Fischer M, Kunz J. Automated Generation of Work Spaces Required by Construction Activities [J]. Construction Engineering and Management, 2002, 128(4):306-315.
[33] Lam K P, Wong N H, Shen L J, et al. Mapping of industry building product model for detailed thermal simulation and analysis [J]. Advances in Engineering Software, 2006, 37(3):133-145.
[34] Ma Zhiliang, Zhao Yili. Model of Next Generation Energy-Efficient Design Software for Buildings [J]. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 2008, 13(S1):298-304.
[35] Dimyadi J A W, Spearpoint M, Amor R. Generating Fire Dynamics Simulator Geometrical Input Using an IFC-based Building Information Model [J]. Information Technology in Construction, 2007, 12:443-457.
[36] Leibich T, Wix J, Forester J, et al. Speeding-up the building plan approval - The Singapore e-Plan checking project offers automatic plan checking based on IFC [C] // Proceeding of ECPPM 2002, eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction. Portoroz, Slovenia, 2002.
[37] Lee S, Jeong Y. A system integration framework through development of ISO 10303-based product model for steel bridges [J]. Automation in Construction, 2006, 15(2):212–228.
[38] Yu K, Froese T, Grobler F. A development framework for data model for computer-integrated facilities management [J]. Automation in Construction, 2000, 9(2):145- 167.
[39] Schein J. An information model for building automation systems [J]. Automation in Construction, 2007, 16(2):125-139.
[40] Halfawy M, Froese T. Building Integrated Architecture/Engineering/ Construction Systems Using Smart Objects: Methodology and Implementation [J]. Computing in Civil Engineering, 2005, 19(2):172-181.
[41] IFD Library White Paper [R/OL]. USA: IFD Library for BuildingSmart, 2008 [2009-4-13]. http://www.ifd-library.org/images/IFD_Library_White_Paper_20 08-04-10_I_.pdf.
[42] Lipman R. Mapping Between the CIMSteel Integration Standards and Industry Foundation Classes Product Model for Structural Steel [C] // InternationalConference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, Montreal, Canada, 2006.
[43]陈文伟,廖建文.决策支持系统及其开发[M]. 3版.北京:清华大学出版社, 2008.
[44]孙荣胜,徐天鹏. Web服务与CORBA、DCOM三种分布式计算模型的互操作性[J].江南大学学报:自然科学版, 2003, 2(1):28-31.
[45]萨师煊,王珊.数据库系统概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1991.
[46]赵莉萍.数据库系统原理[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社, 2002.
[47] Kemper A, Moerkotte G. Object-oriented database management: applications in engineering and computer science [M]. USA: Prentice-Hall International Inc., 1994.
[48] Blaha M, Premerlani W.面向对象的建模与设计在数据库中的应用[M].宋今,赵丰年,译.北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2001.
[49]陆洪波.论面向对象数据库的发展[J].科技情报开发与经济, 1999, 9(3):12-13,42.
[50] Teicholz P, Fischer M. Strategy for computer integrated construction technology [J]. Construction Engineering and Management, 1994, 120(1):117-131.
[51] Anumba C J. Collaborative working in construction - the need for effective communication protocols [C] // Proceedings of the Fourth Congress Held in Conjunction with A/E/C SYSTEM’97. Boston, 1997:89-96.
[52] Rezqui Y, Cooper G, Brandon P. Information management in a collaborative multiactor environment: the COMMIT approach [J]. Computing in Civil Engineering, 1998, 12(3):136-144.
[53] Ma Zhiliang, Li Heng, Shen Qiping, et al. Using XML to support information exchange in construction projects [J]. Automation in Construction, 2004, 13(5):629-637.
[54]广联达软件股份有限公司.广联达施工项目成本管理解决方案[R/OL]. [2009-4-13]. http://www.grandsoft.com.cn/channels/1119.aspx.
[55]中国建筑科学研究院建筑工程软件研究所.项目管理信息系统简介[R/OL]. [2009-4-13]. http://www.pkpm.com.cn/pkpm.asp.
[56]周宇光,李红卫.工程动态管理系统设计[J].施工企业管理(信息化建设增刊), 2004, 51-55.
[57]李铮.面向对象数据库的发展与研究[J].中国金融电脑, 2000(4):86-88.
[58] Maher M L, Liew P-S, Gu N, et al. An agent approach to supporting collaborative design in 3D virtual worlds [J]. Automation in Construction, 2005,14(2):189-195.
[59] Faraj I, Alshawi M, Aouad G, et al. An industry foundation classes Web-based collaborative construction computer environment: WISPER [J]. Automation in Construction, 2000, 10(1):79-99.
[60] Kam C, Fischer M, H?nninen R, et al. Implementation Chanllenges and Research Needs of the IFC Interoperability Standard: Experiences from HUT-600 Construction Pilot [C] // Proceedings of the International Workshop on Information Technology in Civil Engineering. Washington, D.C., 2002: 211-220.
[61] Chen P-H, Cui Lu, Wan Caiyun, et al. Implementation of IFC-based web server for collaborative building design between architects and structural engineers [J]. Automation in Construction, 2005, 14(1):115-128.
[62] Tanyer A M, Aouad G. Moving beyond the fourth dimension with an IFC-based single project database [J]. Automation in Construction, 2005, 14(1):15-32.
[63] Plume J, Mitchell J. Collaborative design using a shared IFC building model - Learning from experience [J]. Automation in Construction, 2007, 16(1):28-36.
[64]曹铭.基于IFC标准的建筑工程信息集成及4D施工管理研究[博士学位论文].北京:清华大学土木工程系, 2005.
[65]刘雪松.面向4D管理的快速建模系统研究与开发[综合论文训练].北京:清华大学土木工程系, 2007.
[66]郭杰.基于IFC标准和建筑设备集成的智能建筑物业管理系统[硕士学位论文].北京:清华大学土木工程系, 2007.
[67]胡振中.基于BIM和4D技术的建筑工程施工冲突与安全分析管理[博士学位论文].北京:清华大学土木工程系, 2009.
[68]姜保平,傅道春.工程建设项目的界面管理[J].苏州科技学院学报(工程技术版), 2005, 18(1):47-51.
[69]丁士昭.建筑工程信息化导论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2005.
[70]马智亮,丘亮新.施工企业信息化[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2006.
[71] Eastman C M. Lifecycle requirements for building product models [R/OL]. USA: Digital library of construction informatics and information technology in civil engineering and construction, 1993 [2009-4-13]. http://itc.scix.net/cgi-bin /works/Show?w78-1993-2-369.
[72]朱战备,韩孝君,刘军.产品生命周期管理: PLM的理论与实务.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004.
[73] Lee G, Sacks R, Eastman C M. Specifying parametric building object behavior (BOB) for a building information modeling system [J]. Automation inConstruction, 2006, 15(6):758-776.
[74] Vanlande R, Nicolle C, Cruz C. IFC and building lifecycle management [J]. Automation in Construction, 2008, 18(1):70-78.
[75] Succar B. Building information modelling framework: A research and delivery foundation for industry stakeholders [J]. Automation in Construction, 2009, 18(3):357-375.
[76] Autodesk. Building Information Modeling in Practice [R/OL]. USA: Autodesk Inc., 2003, [2009-3-9]. www.autodesk.com/buildinginformation.
[77] National Institute of Standards and Technology. [2009-4-13]. http://www.nist. gov.
[78]高群耀,创建、管理、共享——Autodesk项目生命周期管理信息化(BLM)策略及其解决方案[C] //第十二届全国工程建设计算机应用学术会议演讲辑录.北京, 2004.
[79]建设部标准定额研究所,建筑对象数字化定义[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2007.
[80]中华人民共和国建设部,钢结构设计规范(GB50017-2003) [S].北京:中国计划出版社, 2003.
[81]徐光明,麦范金. CAD曲面网格建模方法[J].机械设计与制造, 2007(10):81-82.
[82]强大再,陆长德,余隋怀,等.基于OpenGL的三维仿真实现机械科学与技术[J].机械科学与技术, 1999, 18(5):846-848.
[83] Kamat V R, Lipman R R. Evaluation of standard product models for supporting automated erection of structural steelwork [J]. Automation in Construction, 2007, 16(6):232-241.
[84] Wang Xiangyu, Dunston P S. Real Time Polygonal Data Integration of CAD/Augmented Reality in Architectural Design Visualization [C] // Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference. Cancun, Mexico, 2005.
[85] BuildingSmart. The Information Delivery Manual - IDM[EB/OL]. [2009-4-13]. http://idm.buildingsmart.no/confluence/display/IDM/Home.
[86] Cattell R G, Barry D K, Berler M, et al. The Object Data Standard: ODMG 3.0 [M]. USA: Morgan Kaufmann, 2000.
[87] InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards. Database Languages - SQL - Part 10: Object Language Bindings (SQL/OLB) [S]. USA: ISO, 1998.
[88] Adachi Y. Overview of Partial Model Query Language [R/OL]. Finland: SECOM Co., Ltd., 2002, [2009-4-13]. http://cic.vtt.fi/projects/ifcsvr/tec/VTT-TEC-ADA-12.pdf.
[89] NISO. Understanding Metadata [R/OL]. USA: NISO, 2005, [2009-4-13]. http://www.niso.org/publications/press/UnderstandingMetadata.pdf.
[90] Adachi Y. Outline of IFC Model Server Development Project [R/OL]. Finland: SECOM Co., Ltd., 2001, [2009-4-13]. http://cic.vtt.fi/projects/ifcsvr/tec/ VTT-TEC-ADA-01.pdf.
[91] Karola A, Lahtela H, H?nninen R, et al. BSPro COM-Server-interoperability between software tools using industrial foundation classes [J]. Energy and Buildings, 2002, 34(9):901-907.
[92] Fu Changfeng, Aouad G, Lee A, et al. IFC model viewer to support nD model application [J]. Automation in Construction, 2006, 15(2):178-185.
[93] Owolabi A, Anumba C J, El-Hamalawi A, et al. Development of an Industry Foundation Classes Assembly Viewer [J]. Computing in Civil Engineering, 2006, 20(2):121-131.
[94] Loffredo D. Efficient Database Implementation of EXPRESS Information Models [D]. USA: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 1998.
[95]黄忠东,杨小虎,董金祥. SDAI实现中若干关键技术的研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2001, 13(11):977-982.
[96] Microsoft. MSDN: .NET Framework Class Library - System.CodeDom Namespace [EB/OL]. [2009-4-13]. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ system.codedom.aspx.
[97] Microsoft. Smart Client Architecture and Design Guide [EB/OL]. [2009-4-13]. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms998506.aspx.
[98]郭建锋.基于数据挖掘的建筑企业群决策支持平台的研究[博士学位论文].北京:清华大学土木工程系, 2006.
[99] Morad A A, Beliveau Y J. Geometric-based reasoning system for project planning [J]. Computing in Civil Engineering, 1994, 8(1):52-71.
[100] Sheridan B. One word, young man: 'Zoom' [N]. Newsweek, 2008, 5:44-47.
[101] Kang J H, Anderson S D, Clayton M J. Empirical study on the merit of web-based 4D visualization in collaborative construction planning and scheduling [J]. Construction Engineering and Management, 2007, 133(6):447-461.
[102] Danso-Amoako M O, Issa R R A, O’Brien W. Framework for a point-n-click interface system for 3D cad construction visualization and documentation [C] // Proceedings of 4th Joint International Symposium on Information Technology in Civil Engineering. Nashville, Tennessee, USA, 2003.
[103] Pang Hong, Zhang Cheng, Hammad A. Sensitivity Analysis of Construction Simulation Using Cell-Devs and Microcyclone [C] // Proceeding of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference. Monterey, California, 2006: 2021-2028.
[104] Halpin D W. CYCLONE - Method for Modeling Job Site Processes [J]. Journal of the Construction Division, 1977, 103(3):489-499.
[105] Martinez J C. STROBOSCOPE: State and Resource Based Simulation of Construction Processes [D]. USA: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1996.
[106] Hajjar D, AbouRizk S M. Simphony: An Environment for Building Special Purpose Construction Simulation Tools [C] // Proceedings of the 1999 Winter Simulation Conference. USA, 1999: 998-1006.
[107] Zhang H, Shi J J, Tam C M. Visual modeling and simulation for construction operations [J]. Automation in Construction, 2002, 11(1):47-57.
[108] AbouRizk S, Mather K. Simplifying Simulation Modeling Through Integration with 3D CAD [J]. Construction Engineering and Management, 2000, 126(6):475-483.
[109] Zhang Jianping. A New Approach to Construction Planning and Site Space Utilization through Computer Visualization [D]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 1996.
[110] Zhang Yang, Zhang Jianping, Li Jiulin, et al. Research and Application of a 4D Construction Planning System for Construction Management [C] // 1st International Construction Specialty Conference. Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 2006.
[111] Lu Ming. Simplified Discrete-Event Simulation Approach for Construction Simulation [J]. Construction Engineering and Management, 2003, 129(5): 537-546.
[112] Chan W H, Lu M. Logistics and Operations Simulation in Precast Viaduct Construction: Case Study [C] // Proceedings of the 2005 ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering. Cancun, Mexico, 2005: Paper no.131.
[113] Lu Ming, Lam H C. Optimized concrete delivery scheduling using combined simulation and genetic algorithms [C] // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference. Orlando, Florida, 2005: 2572-2580.
[114] Zhang Jianping, Zhang Yang, Hu Zhenzhong. Construction Management Utilizing 4D CAD and Operation Simulation Methodologies [J]. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 2008, 13(S1):241-247.
[115] Lu Ming, Wong L C. Comparing PROMODEL and SDESA in Modeling Construction Operations [C] // Proceedings of 2005 Winter Simulation Conference. Orlando, Florida, 2005: 1524-1532.
[116] Lu Ming, Cao Ming, Zhang Jianping. Synchronize Operations Planning and Site Layout Planning by Augmenting the Simplified Discrete-Event Simulation Approach (SDESA) [C] // Proceedings of Second International Conference on Construction in the 21st Century (CITC-II), Hong Kong, 2003: 573–580.
[2]陈训.建筑工程全寿命信息管理(BLM)思想和应用的研究[硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学经济与管理学院, 2006.
[3]张建平,马智亮,任爱珠,等.信息化土木工程设计: Autodesk Civil 3D [M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2005.
[4]安雪晖.基于信息技术的建设项目生命周期管理[J].智能建筑与城市信息, 2003(4):70-72.
[5]李永奎.建筑工程生命周期信息管理(BLM)的理论与实现方法研究:组织、过程、信息与系统集成[博士学位论文].上海:同济大学经济与管理学院, 2007.
[6]赵国毅,石兴广,朱海波,等.CIMS技术应用与展望[J].山东机械, 2003(3): 40-42.
[7]张和明,熊光楞.制造企业的产品生命周期管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2006.
[8]熊光楞,张玉云,李伯虎. 863 / CIMS关键技术攻关项目“并行工程”简介,计算机集成制造系统,1996,3
[9] Fuller S K, Petersen S R. Life-Cycle Costing Manual for the Federal Energy Management Program [M/OL]. USA: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1995 [2009-4-13]. http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build96/PDF/ b96121.pdf.
[10]曲怀海,陈充君.土木CAD的信息化管理.山东交通科技, 2005(2):113-114.
[11] Marshall-Ponting A J, Aouad G. An nD modelling approach to improve communication processes for construction [J]. Automation in Construction, 2005, 14(3):311-321.
[12] Fu Changfeng, Aouad G, Marshall-Ponting A J, et al. IFC implementation in lifecycle costing [J]. Harbin Institute of Technology, 2004, 11(4):42-54.
[13]奔特力系统有限公司.建筑产业的先进观念——建筑信息模型[J].智能建筑与城市信息, 2005, 103(6):122-124.
[14]方立新,周琦,董卫.基于IFC标准的建筑全息模型[J].建筑技术开发, 2005, 32(2):98-100.
[15] McKinney K, Kim J, Fischer M, et al. Interactive 4D-CAD [C] // Proceedings of the Third Congress held in conjunction with A/E/C Systems. California, USA, 1996: 383-389.
[16] Collier E, Fischer M. Visual-Based Scheduling: 4D Modeling on the San Mateo County Health Center [C] // Proceedings of the Third Congress held in conjunction with A/E/C Systems. California, USA, 1996: 800-805.
[17] Froese T, Fischer M, Grobler F, et al. Industry foundation classes for project management - a trial implementation [J]. Information Technology in Construction, 1999, 4:17-36.
[18] Kam C, Fischer M, H?nninen R, et al. The product model and Fourth Dimension project [J]. Information Technology in Construction, 2003, 8(S):137-166.
[19] Adjei-Kumi T, Retik A. A Library-Based 4D Visualization of Construction Processed [C] // Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Information Visualisation. London, 1997:315-321.
[20] Rad H N, Khosrowshahi F. Visualization of Building Maintenance Through Time [C] // Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Information Visualisation. London, 1997:308-314.
[21]张建平,王洪钧.建筑施工4D++模型与4D项目管理系统的研究[J].土木工程学报, 2003, 36(3):70-78.
[22]张建平,曹铭,张洋.基于IFC标准和工程信息模型的建筑施工4D管理系统[J].工程力学, 2005, 22(Sup):220-227.
[23]张建平,郭杰,王盛卫,等.基于IFC标准和建筑设备集成的智能物业管理系统[J].清华大学学报, 2008, 48(6):940-946.
[24] National Institute of Building Sciences. United States National Building Information Modeling Standard Version 1 - Part 1: Overview, Principles, and Methodologies [S/OL]. [2009-4-13]. http://www.wbdg.org/pdfs/NBIMSv1_ p1.pdf.
[25]秦亮.建筑工程项目信息交换标准研究[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2004.
[26]马智亮,罗小春,李志新.基于万维网的工程项目管理系统综述[J].土木工程学报, 2006, 39(10):117-126.
[27] TC 184/SC 4. ISO 10303:1994 - Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Product Data Representation and Exchange[S]. USA: ISO, 1994.
[28] Gielingh W. An Assessment of the Current State of Product Data Technologies [J]. Computer-Aided Design, 2008, 40(7):750-759.
[29] International alliance for Interoperability. Industry Foundation Classes [S/OL]. [2009-4-13]. http://www.buildingsmart.com/.
[30] TC 184/SC 4. Industry Foundation Classes, Release 2x, Platform Specification (IFC2x Platform) [S]. USA: ISO, 2008.
[31] Wan C, Chen P-H, Tiong R L K. Assessment of IFCS for Structural Analysis Domain [J]. Information Technology in Construction, 2004, 9:75-95.
[32] Akinci B, Fischer M, Kunz J. Automated Generation of Work Spaces Required by Construction Activities [J]. Construction Engineering and Management, 2002, 128(4):306-315.
[33] Lam K P, Wong N H, Shen L J, et al. Mapping of industry building product model for detailed thermal simulation and analysis [J]. Advances in Engineering Software, 2006, 37(3):133-145.
[34] Ma Zhiliang, Zhao Yili. Model of Next Generation Energy-Efficient Design Software for Buildings [J]. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 2008, 13(S1):298-304.
[35] Dimyadi J A W, Spearpoint M, Amor R. Generating Fire Dynamics Simulator Geometrical Input Using an IFC-based Building Information Model [J]. Information Technology in Construction, 2007, 12:443-457.
[36] Leibich T, Wix J, Forester J, et al. Speeding-up the building plan approval - The Singapore e-Plan checking project offers automatic plan checking based on IFC [C] // Proceeding of ECPPM 2002, eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction. Portoroz, Slovenia, 2002.
[37] Lee S, Jeong Y. A system integration framework through development of ISO 10303-based product model for steel bridges [J]. Automation in Construction, 2006, 15(2):212–228.
[38] Yu K, Froese T, Grobler F. A development framework for data model for computer-integrated facilities management [J]. Automation in Construction, 2000, 9(2):145- 167.
[39] Schein J. An information model for building automation systems [J]. Automation in Construction, 2007, 16(2):125-139.
[40] Halfawy M, Froese T. Building Integrated Architecture/Engineering/ Construction Systems Using Smart Objects: Methodology and Implementation [J]. Computing in Civil Engineering, 2005, 19(2):172-181.
[41] IFD Library White Paper [R/OL]. USA: IFD Library for BuildingSmart, 2008 [2009-4-13]. http://www.ifd-library.org/images/IFD_Library_White_Paper_20 08-04-10_I_.pdf.
[42] Lipman R. Mapping Between the CIMSteel Integration Standards and Industry Foundation Classes Product Model for Structural Steel [C] // InternationalConference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, Montreal, Canada, 2006.
[43]陈文伟,廖建文.决策支持系统及其开发[M]. 3版.北京:清华大学出版社, 2008.
[44]孙荣胜,徐天鹏. Web服务与CORBA、DCOM三种分布式计算模型的互操作性[J].江南大学学报:自然科学版, 2003, 2(1):28-31.
[45]萨师煊,王珊.数据库系统概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1991.
[46]赵莉萍.数据库系统原理[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社, 2002.
[47] Kemper A, Moerkotte G. Object-oriented database management: applications in engineering and computer science [M]. USA: Prentice-Hall International Inc., 1994.
[48] Blaha M, Premerlani W.面向对象的建模与设计在数据库中的应用[M].宋今,赵丰年,译.北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2001.
[49]陆洪波.论面向对象数据库的发展[J].科技情报开发与经济, 1999, 9(3):12-13,42.
[50] Teicholz P, Fischer M. Strategy for computer integrated construction technology [J]. Construction Engineering and Management, 1994, 120(1):117-131.
[51] Anumba C J. Collaborative working in construction - the need for effective communication protocols [C] // Proceedings of the Fourth Congress Held in Conjunction with A/E/C SYSTEM’97. Boston, 1997:89-96.
[52] Rezqui Y, Cooper G, Brandon P. Information management in a collaborative multiactor environment: the COMMIT approach [J]. Computing in Civil Engineering, 1998, 12(3):136-144.
[53] Ma Zhiliang, Li Heng, Shen Qiping, et al. Using XML to support information exchange in construction projects [J]. Automation in Construction, 2004, 13(5):629-637.
[54]广联达软件股份有限公司.广联达施工项目成本管理解决方案[R/OL]. [2009-4-13]. http://www.grandsoft.com.cn/channels/1119.aspx.
[55]中国建筑科学研究院建筑工程软件研究所.项目管理信息系统简介[R/OL]. [2009-4-13]. http://www.pkpm.com.cn/pkpm.asp.
[56]周宇光,李红卫.工程动态管理系统设计[J].施工企业管理(信息化建设增刊), 2004, 51-55.
[57]李铮.面向对象数据库的发展与研究[J].中国金融电脑, 2000(4):86-88.
[58] Maher M L, Liew P-S, Gu N, et al. An agent approach to supporting collaborative design in 3D virtual worlds [J]. Automation in Construction, 2005,14(2):189-195.
[59] Faraj I, Alshawi M, Aouad G, et al. An industry foundation classes Web-based collaborative construction computer environment: WISPER [J]. Automation in Construction, 2000, 10(1):79-99.
[60] Kam C, Fischer M, H?nninen R, et al. Implementation Chanllenges and Research Needs of the IFC Interoperability Standard: Experiences from HUT-600 Construction Pilot [C] // Proceedings of the International Workshop on Information Technology in Civil Engineering. Washington, D.C., 2002: 211-220.
[61] Chen P-H, Cui Lu, Wan Caiyun, et al. Implementation of IFC-based web server for collaborative building design between architects and structural engineers [J]. Automation in Construction, 2005, 14(1):115-128.
[62] Tanyer A M, Aouad G. Moving beyond the fourth dimension with an IFC-based single project database [J]. Automation in Construction, 2005, 14(1):15-32.
[63] Plume J, Mitchell J. Collaborative design using a shared IFC building model - Learning from experience [J]. Automation in Construction, 2007, 16(1):28-36.
[64]曹铭.基于IFC标准的建筑工程信息集成及4D施工管理研究[博士学位论文].北京:清华大学土木工程系, 2005.
[65]刘雪松.面向4D管理的快速建模系统研究与开发[综合论文训练].北京:清华大学土木工程系, 2007.
[66]郭杰.基于IFC标准和建筑设备集成的智能建筑物业管理系统[硕士学位论文].北京:清华大学土木工程系, 2007.
[67]胡振中.基于BIM和4D技术的建筑工程施工冲突与安全分析管理[博士学位论文].北京:清华大学土木工程系, 2009.
[68]姜保平,傅道春.工程建设项目的界面管理[J].苏州科技学院学报(工程技术版), 2005, 18(1):47-51.
[69]丁士昭.建筑工程信息化导论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2005.
[70]马智亮,丘亮新.施工企业信息化[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2006.
[71] Eastman C M. Lifecycle requirements for building product models [R/OL]. USA: Digital library of construction informatics and information technology in civil engineering and construction, 1993 [2009-4-13]. http://itc.scix.net/cgi-bin /works/Show?w78-1993-2-369.
[72]朱战备,韩孝君,刘军.产品生命周期管理: PLM的理论与实务.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004.
[73] Lee G, Sacks R, Eastman C M. Specifying parametric building object behavior (BOB) for a building information modeling system [J]. Automation inConstruction, 2006, 15(6):758-776.
[74] Vanlande R, Nicolle C, Cruz C. IFC and building lifecycle management [J]. Automation in Construction, 2008, 18(1):70-78.
[75] Succar B. Building information modelling framework: A research and delivery foundation for industry stakeholders [J]. Automation in Construction, 2009, 18(3):357-375.
[76] Autodesk. Building Information Modeling in Practice [R/OL]. USA: Autodesk Inc., 2003, [2009-3-9]. www.autodesk.com/buildinginformation.
[77] National Institute of Standards and Technology. [2009-4-13]. http://www.nist. gov.
[78]高群耀,创建、管理、共享——Autodesk项目生命周期管理信息化(BLM)策略及其解决方案[C] //第十二届全国工程建设计算机应用学术会议演讲辑录.北京, 2004.
[79]建设部标准定额研究所,建筑对象数字化定义[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2007.
[80]中华人民共和国建设部,钢结构设计规范(GB50017-2003) [S].北京:中国计划出版社, 2003.
[81]徐光明,麦范金. CAD曲面网格建模方法[J].机械设计与制造, 2007(10):81-82.
[82]强大再,陆长德,余隋怀,等.基于OpenGL的三维仿真实现机械科学与技术[J].机械科学与技术, 1999, 18(5):846-848.
[83] Kamat V R, Lipman R R. Evaluation of standard product models for supporting automated erection of structural steelwork [J]. Automation in Construction, 2007, 16(6):232-241.
[84] Wang Xiangyu, Dunston P S. Real Time Polygonal Data Integration of CAD/Augmented Reality in Architectural Design Visualization [C] // Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference. Cancun, Mexico, 2005.
[85] BuildingSmart. The Information Delivery Manual - IDM[EB/OL]. [2009-4-13]. http://idm.buildingsmart.no/confluence/display/IDM/Home.
[86] Cattell R G, Barry D K, Berler M, et al. The Object Data Standard: ODMG 3.0 [M]. USA: Morgan Kaufmann, 2000.
[87] InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards. Database Languages - SQL - Part 10: Object Language Bindings (SQL/OLB) [S]. USA: ISO, 1998.
[88] Adachi Y. Overview of Partial Model Query Language [R/OL]. Finland: SECOM Co., Ltd., 2002, [2009-4-13]. http://cic.vtt.fi/projects/ifcsvr/tec/VTT-TEC-ADA-12.pdf.
[89] NISO. Understanding Metadata [R/OL]. USA: NISO, 2005, [2009-4-13]. http://www.niso.org/publications/press/UnderstandingMetadata.pdf.
[90] Adachi Y. Outline of IFC Model Server Development Project [R/OL]. Finland: SECOM Co., Ltd., 2001, [2009-4-13]. http://cic.vtt.fi/projects/ifcsvr/tec/ VTT-TEC-ADA-01.pdf.
[91] Karola A, Lahtela H, H?nninen R, et al. BSPro COM-Server-interoperability between software tools using industrial foundation classes [J]. Energy and Buildings, 2002, 34(9):901-907.
[92] Fu Changfeng, Aouad G, Lee A, et al. IFC model viewer to support nD model application [J]. Automation in Construction, 2006, 15(2):178-185.
[93] Owolabi A, Anumba C J, El-Hamalawi A, et al. Development of an Industry Foundation Classes Assembly Viewer [J]. Computing in Civil Engineering, 2006, 20(2):121-131.
[94] Loffredo D. Efficient Database Implementation of EXPRESS Information Models [D]. USA: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 1998.
[95]黄忠东,杨小虎,董金祥. SDAI实现中若干关键技术的研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2001, 13(11):977-982.
[96] Microsoft. MSDN: .NET Framework Class Library - System.CodeDom Namespace [EB/OL]. [2009-4-13]. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ system.codedom.aspx.
[97] Microsoft. Smart Client Architecture and Design Guide [EB/OL]. [2009-4-13]. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms998506.aspx.
[98]郭建锋.基于数据挖掘的建筑企业群决策支持平台的研究[博士学位论文].北京:清华大学土木工程系, 2006.
[99] Morad A A, Beliveau Y J. Geometric-based reasoning system for project planning [J]. Computing in Civil Engineering, 1994, 8(1):52-71.
[100] Sheridan B. One word, young man: 'Zoom' [N]. Newsweek, 2008, 5:44-47.
[101] Kang J H, Anderson S D, Clayton M J. Empirical study on the merit of web-based 4D visualization in collaborative construction planning and scheduling [J]. Construction Engineering and Management, 2007, 133(6):447-461.
[102] Danso-Amoako M O, Issa R R A, O’Brien W. Framework for a point-n-click interface system for 3D cad construction visualization and documentation [C] // Proceedings of 4th Joint International Symposium on Information Technology in Civil Engineering. Nashville, Tennessee, USA, 2003.
[103] Pang Hong, Zhang Cheng, Hammad A. Sensitivity Analysis of Construction Simulation Using Cell-Devs and Microcyclone [C] // Proceeding of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference. Monterey, California, 2006: 2021-2028.
[104] Halpin D W. CYCLONE - Method for Modeling Job Site Processes [J]. Journal of the Construction Division, 1977, 103(3):489-499.
[105] Martinez J C. STROBOSCOPE: State and Resource Based Simulation of Construction Processes [D]. USA: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1996.
[106] Hajjar D, AbouRizk S M. Simphony: An Environment for Building Special Purpose Construction Simulation Tools [C] // Proceedings of the 1999 Winter Simulation Conference. USA, 1999: 998-1006.
[107] Zhang H, Shi J J, Tam C M. Visual modeling and simulation for construction operations [J]. Automation in Construction, 2002, 11(1):47-57.
[108] AbouRizk S, Mather K. Simplifying Simulation Modeling Through Integration with 3D CAD [J]. Construction Engineering and Management, 2000, 126(6):475-483.
[109] Zhang Jianping. A New Approach to Construction Planning and Site Space Utilization through Computer Visualization [D]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 1996.
[110] Zhang Yang, Zhang Jianping, Li Jiulin, et al. Research and Application of a 4D Construction Planning System for Construction Management [C] // 1st International Construction Specialty Conference. Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 2006.
[111] Lu Ming. Simplified Discrete-Event Simulation Approach for Construction Simulation [J]. Construction Engineering and Management, 2003, 129(5): 537-546.
[112] Chan W H, Lu M. Logistics and Operations Simulation in Precast Viaduct Construction: Case Study [C] // Proceedings of the 2005 ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering. Cancun, Mexico, 2005: Paper no.131.
[113] Lu Ming, Lam H C. Optimized concrete delivery scheduling using combined simulation and genetic algorithms [C] // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference. Orlando, Florida, 2005: 2572-2580.
[114] Zhang Jianping, Zhang Yang, Hu Zhenzhong. Construction Management Utilizing 4D CAD and Operation Simulation Methodologies [J]. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 2008, 13(S1):241-247.
[115] Lu Ming, Wong L C. Comparing PROMODEL and SDESA in Modeling Construction Operations [C] // Proceedings of 2005 Winter Simulation Conference. Orlando, Florida, 2005: 1524-1532.
[116] Lu Ming, Cao Ming, Zhang Jianping. Synchronize Operations Planning and Site Layout Planning by Augmenting the Simplified Discrete-Event Simulation Approach (SDESA) [C] // Proceedings of Second International Conference on Construction in the 21st Century (CITC-II), Hong Kong, 2003: 573–580.