大跨度建筑的空间形态与结构技术理念探析
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摘要
本论文尝试从建筑空间形态构成与结构理论两领域入手，对大跨度建筑空间结构形式与空间形态的关系进行初步分析和探讨。
本论文共分五章。第一章：作为本论文研究的背景及目的和意义。自上世纪六十年代开始，在现代建筑的设计与创作中，建筑师应当怎样去掌握和运用结构原理，引起了国际建筑界的关注。当前则进一步提出“概念设计”这一原则，强调结构设计不仅要体现结构的安全、经济，更要注重结构艺术的表现。大跨度建筑代表了当今建筑类型发展的一大趋势，在大跨度建筑的设计与创作中，结构的应用会遇到诸多问题，如何充分利用和发挥结构体系的力学特征，以合理的结构形式来塑造空间形态，并创造出具有时代特色的建筑，以真正把建筑设计带入一个崭新阶段，将是建筑师共同面对和思考的问题。
第二章：分析了大跨度建筑空间形态构成的三种手法即立意构成切入手法、元素形体构成切入手法、类型语言符号构成切入手法和三者之间的设计互动与整合。又探讨了建筑空间形态的艺术和美学特征。本章作为后几章论述的基础。
第三章：提出了结构技术这一理念的三项特征，指出结构理念在空间艺术形式创作中的作用以及如何架构与表达结构理念，然后从结构体系的发展、空间结构形式的探索、新型空间结构体系几方面论述结构技术的不断进步将推动大跨度建筑形态的发展和创新。
第四章：在前两章的基础之上，从运用结构的力学原理来拓展建筑空间，结构选型及合理组合与建筑使用空间的一致，结构布置与空间使用要求相协调及建筑空间的扩展与结构静力平衡系统相结合四个方面论述如何在大跨度建筑空间形态设计中运用结构技术理念。
第五章：结合当前我国大跨度建筑的实例及和先进国家的差距，提出了根据不同国情采用可持续的适宜的设计技术观。
总之，本论文在理论和实践探讨的基础上，明确了从技术角度出发，用结构技术理念来完善大跨度建筑空间形态设计，达到技术与艺术的完美结合，以期对新时期我国大跨度建筑设计实践及未来发展有所借鉴和启发。
This paper tries to commence with construction technique principle and building space form two different knowledge realms, and investigate the relationship between the space structural form and the space appearance of the long-span architectures.
This paper is divided into five chapters. Chapter one: Be used as investigative background of this paper and purpose and meaning of this paper. Start from the 60's of last century, in modern architectural design and creation, the architects of the world pay attention to how to make use of the construction principle, causing the concern of the international architecture fields. Today then further puts forward the principle of "conceptual design", emphasizing that the construction design not only wants the structural safety, economy now, but also makes a point of the performance of the construction art. Long-span architectures represent one of the tendencies of the development of architectures nowadays. In design and creation of architectures fields, the structural application will meet many problems, and how to make full use of the structural mechanics characteristic and the construction system, and how to utilize reasonable construction form to mold the space appearance, and how to create out characteristic
building in ages to really take the building design into a brand-new stage, will be a problem that the architects face and consider.
Chapter two: Analyzes three kinds of modes of long-span architectures space form constitution, which is space construction concept constitution, element body constitution, type language sign constitution, and advances the interaction and integration and construction of the three ways of designs. Then puts forward a few concrete principles in space form art. This chapter can be used as the base of the latter chapters.
Chapter three: Puts forward three characteristics of construction technique principle, and point out it's function of the design of space structure art form hi the artistic and the expression of structural principle, then from the construction system of development, space construction form of quest, new space construction system
several aspects, and discusses the progress of construction technique will ultimately
promote the development and creation of the design of long-span architectures.
Chapter four: Based on the former two chapters, this chapter discusses how to apply structural principle in the space design of long-span architectures through using structural mechanics in application of the space construction, construction system and reasonable combine in accordance with the usage building space, and makes the construction arranges coordinating with the request of the using building space, and combining the expand of building space with structural equilibrium system in static state four aspects.
Chapter five: From the situation of the progress of the long-span architectures in our country nowadays and the different from the advanced countries, putting forward the option that we should adopt suitable and sustainable development methods according to our real situation.
In brief, based on the theories and the practices, this paper makes clear that we should set out from the technique angle and use the construction technique principle to creative the building space and attain the perfect combination of the technique and the art. It's expected that this study can provide some reference and enlighten design practice in future development in new period.
本论文共分五章。第一章：作为本论文研究的背景及目的和意义。自上世纪六十年代开始，在现代建筑的设计与创作中，建筑师应当怎样去掌握和运用结构原理，引起了国际建筑界的关注。当前则进一步提出“概念设计”这一原则，强调结构设计不仅要体现结构的安全、经济，更要注重结构艺术的表现。大跨度建筑代表了当今建筑类型发展的一大趋势，在大跨度建筑的设计与创作中，结构的应用会遇到诸多问题，如何充分利用和发挥结构体系的力学特征，以合理的结构形式来塑造空间形态，并创造出具有时代特色的建筑，以真正把建筑设计带入一个崭新阶段，将是建筑师共同面对和思考的问题。
第二章：分析了大跨度建筑空间形态构成的三种手法即立意构成切入手法、元素形体构成切入手法、类型语言符号构成切入手法和三者之间的设计互动与整合。又探讨了建筑空间形态的艺术和美学特征。本章作为后几章论述的基础。
第三章：提出了结构技术这一理念的三项特征，指出结构理念在空间艺术形式创作中的作用以及如何架构与表达结构理念，然后从结构体系的发展、空间结构形式的探索、新型空间结构体系几方面论述结构技术的不断进步将推动大跨度建筑形态的发展和创新。
第四章：在前两章的基础之上，从运用结构的力学原理来拓展建筑空间，结构选型及合理组合与建筑使用空间的一致，结构布置与空间使用要求相协调及建筑空间的扩展与结构静力平衡系统相结合四个方面论述如何在大跨度建筑空间形态设计中运用结构技术理念。
第五章：结合当前我国大跨度建筑的实例及和先进国家的差距，提出了根据不同国情采用可持续的适宜的设计技术观。
总之，本论文在理论和实践探讨的基础上，明确了从技术角度出发，用结构技术理念来完善大跨度建筑空间形态设计，达到技术与艺术的完美结合，以期对新时期我国大跨度建筑设计实践及未来发展有所借鉴和启发。
This paper tries to commence with construction technique principle and building space form two different knowledge realms, and investigate the relationship between the space structural form and the space appearance of the long-span architectures.
This paper is divided into five chapters. Chapter one: Be used as investigative background of this paper and purpose and meaning of this paper. Start from the 60's of last century, in modern architectural design and creation, the architects of the world pay attention to how to make use of the construction principle, causing the concern of the international architecture fields. Today then further puts forward the principle of "conceptual design", emphasizing that the construction design not only wants the structural safety, economy now, but also makes a point of the performance of the construction art. Long-span architectures represent one of the tendencies of the development of architectures nowadays. In design and creation of architectures fields, the structural application will meet many problems, and how to make full use of the structural mechanics characteristic and the construction system, and how to utilize reasonable construction form to mold the space appearance, and how to create out characteristic
building in ages to really take the building design into a brand-new stage, will be a problem that the architects face and consider.
Chapter two: Analyzes three kinds of modes of long-span architectures space form constitution, which is space construction concept constitution, element body constitution, type language sign constitution, and advances the interaction and integration and construction of the three ways of designs. Then puts forward a few concrete principles in space form art. This chapter can be used as the base of the latter chapters.
Chapter three: Puts forward three characteristics of construction technique principle, and point out it's function of the design of space structure art form hi the artistic and the expression of structural principle, then from the construction system of development, space construction form of quest, new space construction system
several aspects, and discusses the progress of construction technique will ultimately
promote the development and creation of the design of long-span architectures.
Chapter four: Based on the former two chapters, this chapter discusses how to apply structural principle in the space design of long-span architectures through using structural mechanics in application of the space construction, construction system and reasonable combine in accordance with the usage building space, and makes the construction arranges coordinating with the request of the using building space, and combining the expand of building space with structural equilibrium system in static state four aspects.
Chapter five: From the situation of the progress of the long-span architectures in our country nowadays and the different from the advanced countries, putting forward the option that we should adopt suitable and sustainable development methods according to our real situation.
In brief, based on the theories and the practices, this paper makes clear that we should set out from the technique angle and use the construction technique principle to creative the building space and attain the perfect combination of the technique and the art. It's expected that this study can provide some reference and enlighten design practice in future development in new period.
引文
[1] 彭一刚．建筑空间组合论．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1995
[2] 吴焕加．论现代西方建筑．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[3] 计学闰．结构概念、体系和选型．哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社，2000
[4] 刘永德．建筑空间的形态、结构、涵义、组合．天津：天津科学技术出版社，1998
[5] 同济大学．建筑形态设计基础．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1991
[6] 刘育东．建筑的涵义．天津：天津大学出版社，1999
[7] 曾坚．当代世界先锋建筑的设计观念。天津：天津科学技术出版社，1995
[8] 刘芳，苗阳．建筑空间设计．上海：同济大学出版社，2001
[9] 余卓群．建筑创作理论．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1995
[10] 勃罗德彭特·G．建筑设计与人文科学．张韦译。北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990
[11] 郑光复．建筑的革命．南京：东南大学出版社，1999
[12] 刘先觉．现代建筑理论．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1999
[13] 弗郎西斯·D·K．建筑：形式、空间和秩序．皱德侬，方千里译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1987
[14] 奈尔维．建筑的艺术与技术．黄运升译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1981
[15] 布正伟．现代建筑的结构构思与设计技巧．天津：天津科学技术出版社，1986
[16] 柯特·西格尔．现代建筑的结构与选型．成莹犀译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1981
[17] 王受之．世界现代建筑史．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1999
[18] 王士舫，董自励．科学技术发展简史．北京：北京大学出版社，1998
[19] 虞季森．中大跨度建筑结构体系及选型．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990
[20] 胡定邦，金磊．现代建筑技术．哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社，1997
[21] 王贵祥．东西方的建筑空间——文化、空间图式及历史建筑空间论．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1998
[22] 拉普F．技术科学的思维结构．长春：吉林人民出版社，1998
[23] 郑时龄等．黑川纪章．北京；中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[24] 窦以德等．诺曼·福斯特．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[25] 弗郎西斯·森西奥·塞群尔．世界新建筑．马国馨译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[26] 王宗年．建筑空间艺术与技术．成都：成都科技大学出版社，1987
[27] 成玲东．建筑结构体系概念和设计．郑州：黄河水利出版社，2001
[28] 赵巍岩．当代建筑美学意义．南京：东南大学出版社，2001
[29] Fuller Moore著．结构系统概论．赵梦琳译．沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社，2001
[30] 渊上正幸．世界建筑师的思想和作品，张赞译．北京，中国建筑工业出版社，2000
[31] 托伯特·哈姆林．建筑形式美的原则．皱德侬译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1982
[32] 塞维．B．著．建筑空间——如何品评建筑．覃力等译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1985
[34] 许祖华．建筑美学原理及应用．南宁：广西科学技术出版社，1997
[35] H·G·布洛克．现代艺术哲学．滕守尧译．成都：四川人民出版社，1998
[36] 世界杯体育场 南昌：江西科学技术出版社 2001．11
[37] 客运大楼 南昌：江西科学技术出版社2001．12
[38] 张伶伶 李存东 建筑创作思维的过程与表达 北京：中国建筑工业出版社 2001．8
[39] 金问鲁 空间结构分析 北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1996
[40] J.W.Lheim, Design Golbal Change-From a Interview by Jane Richnrds, AD, 1987
[41] Banister Fletcher, A History of Architecture, University London, The Athlone Press, 1975
[42] Treib M. Sports Cathedral. Progressive Architecture, 1985
[43] Colin Davies, high-tech Architecture, Thames and Hudson, 1988
[44] Aldo Rossi, The Architecture of the city, The MIT Press, 1982
[45] Heinrich Klotz, The History of Postmodern Architecture, A.D.A. Edita, Tokyo Co. Ltd,Tokyo, 1998
[46] Johnson P, wigley M.Decenstructivist Architecture, New York: The
Museum of Modern Art, 1989
[47] Papadakiis C, The New Modem Aesthetic, New York: StMartin Press, 1990
[48] Diane Ghirardo, Architecture after Modernism, Thames and Hudddon, London, 1996
[49] Charles Jencks, New Modems, Academy Editions, London, 1990
[2] 吴焕加．论现代西方建筑．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[3] 计学闰．结构概念、体系和选型．哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社，2000
[4] 刘永德．建筑空间的形态、结构、涵义、组合．天津：天津科学技术出版社，1998
[5] 同济大学．建筑形态设计基础．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1991
[6] 刘育东．建筑的涵义．天津：天津大学出版社，1999
[7] 曾坚．当代世界先锋建筑的设计观念。天津：天津科学技术出版社，1995
[8] 刘芳，苗阳．建筑空间设计．上海：同济大学出版社，2001
[9] 余卓群．建筑创作理论．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1995
[10] 勃罗德彭特·G．建筑设计与人文科学．张韦译。北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990
[11] 郑光复．建筑的革命．南京：东南大学出版社，1999
[12] 刘先觉．现代建筑理论．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1999
[13] 弗郎西斯·D·K．建筑：形式、空间和秩序．皱德侬，方千里译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1987
[14] 奈尔维．建筑的艺术与技术．黄运升译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1981
[15] 布正伟．现代建筑的结构构思与设计技巧．天津：天津科学技术出版社，1986
[16] 柯特·西格尔．现代建筑的结构与选型．成莹犀译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1981
[17] 王受之．世界现代建筑史．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1999
[18] 王士舫，董自励．科学技术发展简史．北京：北京大学出版社，1998
[19] 虞季森．中大跨度建筑结构体系及选型．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990
[20] 胡定邦，金磊．现代建筑技术．哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社，1997
[21] 王贵祥．东西方的建筑空间——文化、空间图式及历史建筑空间论．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1998
[22] 拉普F．技术科学的思维结构．长春：吉林人民出版社，1998
[23] 郑时龄等．黑川纪章．北京；中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[24] 窦以德等．诺曼·福斯特．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[25] 弗郎西斯·森西奥·塞群尔．世界新建筑．马国馨译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[26] 王宗年．建筑空间艺术与技术．成都：成都科技大学出版社，1987
[27] 成玲东．建筑结构体系概念和设计．郑州：黄河水利出版社，2001
[28] 赵巍岩．当代建筑美学意义．南京：东南大学出版社，2001
[29] Fuller Moore著．结构系统概论．赵梦琳译．沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社，2001
[30] 渊上正幸．世界建筑师的思想和作品，张赞译．北京，中国建筑工业出版社，2000
[31] 托伯特·哈姆林．建筑形式美的原则．皱德侬译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1982
[32] 塞维．B．著．建筑空间——如何品评建筑．覃力等译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1985
[34] 许祖华．建筑美学原理及应用．南宁：广西科学技术出版社，1997
[35] H·G·布洛克．现代艺术哲学．滕守尧译．成都：四川人民出版社，1998
[36] 世界杯体育场 南昌：江西科学技术出版社 2001．11
[37] 客运大楼 南昌：江西科学技术出版社2001．12
[38] 张伶伶 李存东 建筑创作思维的过程与表达 北京：中国建筑工业出版社 2001．8
[39] 金问鲁 空间结构分析 北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1996
[40] J.W.Lheim, Design Golbal Change-From a Interview by Jane Richnrds, AD, 1987
[41] Banister Fletcher, A History of Architecture, University London, The Athlone Press, 1975
[42] Treib M. Sports Cathedral. Progressive Architecture, 1985
[43] Colin Davies, high-tech Architecture, Thames and Hudson, 1988
[44] Aldo Rossi, The Architecture of the city, The MIT Press, 1982
[45] Heinrich Klotz, The History of Postmodern Architecture, A.D.A. Edita, Tokyo Co. Ltd,Tokyo, 1998
[46] Johnson P, wigley M.Decenstructivist Architecture, New York: The
Museum of Modern Art, 1989
[47] Papadakiis C, The New Modem Aesthetic, New York: StMartin Press, 1990
[48] Diane Ghirardo, Architecture after Modernism, Thames and Hudddon, London, 1996
[49] Charles Jencks, New Modems, Academy Editions, London, 1990