我国城市建成区都市农业可行性及策略研究
|
摘要
现有研究已经表明，都市农业能极大地促进城市可持续发展和食物安全。无论在发展中国家或发达国家，都市农业因其推动城市健康发展的巨大潜力，受到各国政府的重视。尤其在美国，都市农业以一种无所不在的姿态，“堂而皇之”地渗透进入城市建成区的各个角落，城市与农业水火不犯的局面在质疑和讨论中被欣然打破，这得益于城市规划、风景园林以及建筑领域的专业人士积极参与到城市与农业融合的研究实践，都市农业被城市规划设计人士认为“是城市可持续规划设计的重要策略”。相关规划设计理论正在形成，甚至规划法规层面也做出相应调整。美国一些城市修改区划法规（Zoning），以便促进都市农业整合进入城市空间，修改后的区划法规容许和鼓励利用城市商业用地、工业用地、居住用地，或者建筑屋顶进行商业或者非商业的农业生产，如堪萨斯、西雅图和旧金山等。这是都市农业发展迈出的坚实步伐。
在我国，市域范围内的城市近郊或远郊的都市农业，如各种生态农业观光农业园，得到政府的大力支持，研究和实践成果颇丰。但是我国都市农业发展的一个重要困境是：主流上都市农业还是一个半城市化地区的行为，其发展仍被排斥在城市建成区范围之外。这是我国目前都市农业与美国都市农业发展的重大差异之所在。
为了化解这一困境，本文创新性的将我国都市农业分解为城内农业和环城农业两大问题区别对待。都市农业与食物安全资源中心（RUAF）认为都市农业指的是在城市内部和周围耕种植物和饲养动物，包括了城市内部和周围两种不同的地理位置。早期的国际组织对都市农业的研究中已经提及到都市农业包括城内农业和环城农业两大范畴，但是各国的土地政策、规划法规以及政府体制不尽相同，研究者往往陷入笼统说事的泥淖。在我国土地管理和城乡规划法规体系中，城内农业基本隶属于建设用地范畴，由城乡规划法规控制；环城农业基本隶属于农用地范畴，由土地管理法和耕地保护法规体系控制。本文认为，只有将两者区别开，才能进一步探讨都市农业在“城内”发展的可行性和策略，才能在相应的法规体系之下找到合适的操作方法，促使其健康发展。
因此，本文以“城市建成区都市农业”为研究对象，研究我国城内农业可行性及策略。
本论文从四个方面展开研究：
（1）调查研究我国城市建成区都市农业的生存现状。
从目前已有的研究来看，都市农业在我国城市建成区的生存现状还是未知的，鲜有学者涉足此领域。本文对武汉主城区大量的实地调查研究，揭示了我国城市建成区都市农业的现状，并通过访谈、实测等研究方法试图证实其对可持续发展和食物安全的重要促进作用。
（2）调查研究美国都市农业发展情况，分析其类型、动因、相关规划设计理论以及规划法规层面的调整情况，作为我国建成区都市农业发展的有力借鉴和参照。大量的实地调查和文献阅读，理清美国都市农业的研究和实践框架体系。
（3）对我国城市建成区都市农业进行可行性分析，包括空间、水、肥、光热、劳动力资源等。
（4）提出我国城市建成区都市农业发展策略。包括：①全面调查分析现状；②研究类型及其分类；③制定规划设计指南；④纳入规划法规体系。
本项研究作者采用访谈、实测、比较等研究方法，对武汉城市主城区采样进行实地调查，尤其对其中典型性个案——武昌车辆厂职工宿舍的屋顶菜园进行长达两年的跟踪调研；并对美国都市农业进行了一年多的实地调查，全面了解中美都市农业发展现状。最后，力图借鉴美国经验并结合我国情况，论证我国城市建成区都市农业的可行性，提出我国城市建成区都市农业的策略。该研究填补了我国城市建成区都市农业研究的空白，对我国城市规划设计相关专业人士以及政府政策决策者利用都市农业解决城市问题，促进城市食物安全和可持续发展提供了参考借鉴。
Existing studies have shown that urban agriculture can contribute significantly tourban sustainablility and food security. In developing and even developed countriesurban agriculture is considered as an important strategy to promote the healthy andsustainability of cities. Especially in the United States and Canada, urban agriculture isincreasingly appearing on every corner of urban areas by integrating urban agricultureinto urban life. Thanks to professionals in the fields of urban planning, landscapearchitecture and architecture who actively have been participating in the integration ofurban agriculture into urban development, their works have made a big progress: relatedplanning and design theories are formed; even planning regulations are also makingadjustment for adapting to the development of urban agriculture. Some U.S. cities havemodified Zoning in order to facilitate the integration of urban agriculture into urbanspace, the revised zoning codes allow and encourage the use of urban commercial land,industrial land, residential land, and buildings for commercial ornon-commercial agricultural production, such as in Kansas City, Seattle and SanFrancisco. This is a solid pace urban agriculture has taken.
In China, the research and practice of urban agriculture in suburbs and peri-urbanhas yielded fruitful results with strong government support. However, the development ofChina's urban agriculture is in a passive situation due to that urban agriculture isconsidered a peri-urban phenomenon, which results in the limited research and practicesin urban built-up areas. It is the major difference of China from U.S.
In order to analyse the feasibility of UA in China’s urban built-area, in thisdissertation the concept of urban agriculture is subdivided into two types, which areurban agriculture within cities and peri-urban agriculture around cities. Although earlystudies of urban agriculture from international NGOs have already found out that urbanagriculture happens within and around cities. However, a more respectively detailedresearch on both are difficult to conduct due to the differences of land-use policy,planning regulations and government system in each country. In China, urban agriculturein built-up areas is controlled under the legislation on urban planning mostly, urban agriculture in peri-urban area under the legislation on land use and farmland protection.Only by subdividing UA combined with China’s actual situation, the research of thefeasibility and strategies of urban agriculture will be workable, and finally take solidaction to deal with the passive situation and make a progress, such as how to integrateUA into legislation on urban planning. Therefore,"urban agriculture in urban built-uparea" is the objective of the research.
The research is conducted in the following4aspects:
(1) Research on the current situation of urban agriculture in urban built-up area.
The situation of urban agriculture in urban built-up area keeps unknown byresearchers; little research is conducted. In this part, the city of Wuhan is explored as atypical case. a large number of field studies revealed a real landscape of urban agriculturein built-up area, and proved that the advantages of it to urban sustainablility and foodsecurity.
(2) Research on U.S. urban agriculture, including its types, motivation, planning anddesign theories and legislation adjustments as the reference of the future actions on urbanagriculture in China.
(3) A feasibility analysis of urban agriculture in urban built-up area in China.
(4) Strategies for urban agriculture in China's urban built-up area,including:①fullinvestigation of the situation of urban agriculture;②recommendation on types and theirclassification;③guidelines on planning and design;④integartion into legislation onurban planning.
The study on urban agriculture in China’s urban built-up area fills the gaps in thisfield, and facilitates professionals in urban planning and design to solve urban issues byurban agriculture and promote the overall sustainability and food security.
在我国，市域范围内的城市近郊或远郊的都市农业，如各种生态农业观光农业园，得到政府的大力支持，研究和实践成果颇丰。但是我国都市农业发展的一个重要困境是：主流上都市农业还是一个半城市化地区的行为，其发展仍被排斥在城市建成区范围之外。这是我国目前都市农业与美国都市农业发展的重大差异之所在。
为了化解这一困境，本文创新性的将我国都市农业分解为城内农业和环城农业两大问题区别对待。都市农业与食物安全资源中心（RUAF）认为都市农业指的是在城市内部和周围耕种植物和饲养动物，包括了城市内部和周围两种不同的地理位置。早期的国际组织对都市农业的研究中已经提及到都市农业包括城内农业和环城农业两大范畴，但是各国的土地政策、规划法规以及政府体制不尽相同，研究者往往陷入笼统说事的泥淖。在我国土地管理和城乡规划法规体系中，城内农业基本隶属于建设用地范畴，由城乡规划法规控制；环城农业基本隶属于农用地范畴，由土地管理法和耕地保护法规体系控制。本文认为，只有将两者区别开，才能进一步探讨都市农业在“城内”发展的可行性和策略，才能在相应的法规体系之下找到合适的操作方法，促使其健康发展。
因此，本文以“城市建成区都市农业”为研究对象，研究我国城内农业可行性及策略。
本论文从四个方面展开研究：
（1）调查研究我国城市建成区都市农业的生存现状。
从目前已有的研究来看，都市农业在我国城市建成区的生存现状还是未知的，鲜有学者涉足此领域。本文对武汉主城区大量的实地调查研究，揭示了我国城市建成区都市农业的现状，并通过访谈、实测等研究方法试图证实其对可持续发展和食物安全的重要促进作用。
（2）调查研究美国都市农业发展情况，分析其类型、动因、相关规划设计理论以及规划法规层面的调整情况，作为我国建成区都市农业发展的有力借鉴和参照。大量的实地调查和文献阅读，理清美国都市农业的研究和实践框架体系。
（3）对我国城市建成区都市农业进行可行性分析，包括空间、水、肥、光热、劳动力资源等。
（4）提出我国城市建成区都市农业发展策略。包括：①全面调查分析现状；②研究类型及其分类；③制定规划设计指南；④纳入规划法规体系。
本项研究作者采用访谈、实测、比较等研究方法，对武汉城市主城区采样进行实地调查，尤其对其中典型性个案——武昌车辆厂职工宿舍的屋顶菜园进行长达两年的跟踪调研；并对美国都市农业进行了一年多的实地调查，全面了解中美都市农业发展现状。最后，力图借鉴美国经验并结合我国情况，论证我国城市建成区都市农业的可行性，提出我国城市建成区都市农业的策略。该研究填补了我国城市建成区都市农业研究的空白，对我国城市规划设计相关专业人士以及政府政策决策者利用都市农业解决城市问题，促进城市食物安全和可持续发展提供了参考借鉴。
Existing studies have shown that urban agriculture can contribute significantly tourban sustainablility and food security. In developing and even developed countriesurban agriculture is considered as an important strategy to promote the healthy andsustainability of cities. Especially in the United States and Canada, urban agriculture isincreasingly appearing on every corner of urban areas by integrating urban agricultureinto urban life. Thanks to professionals in the fields of urban planning, landscapearchitecture and architecture who actively have been participating in the integration ofurban agriculture into urban development, their works have made a big progress: relatedplanning and design theories are formed; even planning regulations are also makingadjustment for adapting to the development of urban agriculture. Some U.S. cities havemodified Zoning in order to facilitate the integration of urban agriculture into urbanspace, the revised zoning codes allow and encourage the use of urban commercial land,industrial land, residential land, and buildings for commercial ornon-commercial agricultural production, such as in Kansas City, Seattle and SanFrancisco. This is a solid pace urban agriculture has taken.
In China, the research and practice of urban agriculture in suburbs and peri-urbanhas yielded fruitful results with strong government support. However, the development ofChina's urban agriculture is in a passive situation due to that urban agriculture isconsidered a peri-urban phenomenon, which results in the limited research and practicesin urban built-up areas. It is the major difference of China from U.S.
In order to analyse the feasibility of UA in China’s urban built-area, in thisdissertation the concept of urban agriculture is subdivided into two types, which areurban agriculture within cities and peri-urban agriculture around cities. Although earlystudies of urban agriculture from international NGOs have already found out that urbanagriculture happens within and around cities. However, a more respectively detailedresearch on both are difficult to conduct due to the differences of land-use policy,planning regulations and government system in each country. In China, urban agriculturein built-up areas is controlled under the legislation on urban planning mostly, urban agriculture in peri-urban area under the legislation on land use and farmland protection.Only by subdividing UA combined with China’s actual situation, the research of thefeasibility and strategies of urban agriculture will be workable, and finally take solidaction to deal with the passive situation and make a progress, such as how to integrateUA into legislation on urban planning. Therefore,"urban agriculture in urban built-uparea" is the objective of the research.
The research is conducted in the following4aspects:
(1) Research on the current situation of urban agriculture in urban built-up area.
The situation of urban agriculture in urban built-up area keeps unknown byresearchers; little research is conducted. In this part, the city of Wuhan is explored as atypical case. a large number of field studies revealed a real landscape of urban agriculturein built-up area, and proved that the advantages of it to urban sustainablility and foodsecurity.
(2) Research on U.S. urban agriculture, including its types, motivation, planning anddesign theories and legislation adjustments as the reference of the future actions on urbanagriculture in China.
(3) A feasibility analysis of urban agriculture in urban built-up area in China.
(4) Strategies for urban agriculture in China's urban built-up area,including:①fullinvestigation of the situation of urban agriculture;②recommendation on types and theirclassification;③guidelines on planning and design;④integartion into legislation onurban planning.
The study on urban agriculture in China’s urban built-up area fills the gaps in thisfield, and facilitates professionals in urban planning and design to solve urban issues byurban agriculture and promote the overall sustainability and food security.
引文
①[英]舒马赫(E.F.Schumacher)著.虞鸿钧,郑关林译.小的是美好的[M].北京:商务印书馆,1984.
②Bookchin M.南方书局译.生态学与革命思潮[M].台北市:南方书局,1987:68-69,14.
①国际金融报.《谁来养活中国》出台前后[N].2006-01-06.http://news.xinhuanet.com/stock/2006-01/06/content_4016422.htm.
②北京市环境保护局.1994年北京市环境状况公报[R].2004-04-27.http://www.bjepb.gov.cn/bjhb/publish/portal0/tab375/info2610.htm.
③陈永福.中国食物供给与预测[M].北京:中国农业出版社，2004.
①我国大都市地区耕地保护问题分析——以上海市为例(上)http://www.gx-info.gov.cn/zt/viewwenzhai.asp?id=1295.
②2007年中国国土资源公报http://cn.chinagate.cn/reports/2008-04/17/content_14968295.htm.
③孙英兰.中国耕地质量现状调查:土壤基础地力不断下降[J].瞭望,2010-9-18http://news.sina.com.cn/c/sd/2010-09-18/135021128677.shtml.
④温家宝在十一届人大四次会议上所作政府工作报告. http://www.gov.cn/2011lh/content_1825233.htm.
①数据来源：《全国土地利用总体规划纲要（2006－2020年）》
②麦肯锡全球研究院.迎接中国十亿城市大军[R].2008.3
http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/reports/pdfs/China_Urban_Billion/MGI_Preparing_China_Urban_Chinese.pdf
③资料来源：《武汉城市总体规划（2009-2020）》
④―垃圾围城‖困扰中国城市化. http://www.cityup.org/topic/laji/ljwc/20110512/77472.shtml.写到：―北京现在住着3000万人口，仅生活垃圾就日产量近2万吨，而北京的垃圾日处理能力只有1万2700吨，大量的垃圾只好拉到郊区去填埋。北京周边，有近千座垃圾填埋场，整个北京城实际上是被垃圾填埋场包围着。目前近郊的几大填埋场在明年行将填满，大多数在五年之内填满。。‖
①资料来源：中华人民共和国统计局，http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/qtsj/hjtjzl/hjtjsj2009/t20101203_402687817.htm
②城市化粪池：埋在市民身边的"定时炸弹"[EB].2005年01月25日.来源：新华网重庆频道.http://news.xinhuanet.com/focus/2005-01/25/content_2500693.html.
①南方周末.实拍北京：难以诉说的垃圾围城之痛[N].2010-01-0813:57.http://www.sciam.com.cn/html/nengyuanhuanjing/huanjing/2010/0108/8383_3.html.
②联合国人居署.世界城市状况报告[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2008.
①因加拿大情况与美国类似，研究中也会偶尔涉及到加拿大的温哥华等城市情况。
①详见网页： http://www.epa.gov/brownfields/urbanag/resources.htm
②Bailkey M, Nasr J. From Brownfields to Greenfields: Producing Food in North American Cities.Community FoodSecurity News, Fall1999/Winter2000
③孔坚，韩毅，韩晓晔.将稻香溶入书声——沈阳建筑大学校园环境设计.中国园林[J],2005（05）:12-16.
①What is urban agriculture? http://www.ruaf.org/node/512. Urban agriculture can be defined shortly as the growing ofplants and the raising of animals within and around cities.
②详见以下四篇文献：
Gumbo DJ,Ndiripo TW.1996. Open space cultivation in Zimbabwe: case study of Greater Harare, Zimbabwe. AfricanUrban Qurban agriculturerterly11(2-3):210-216.
Maxwell D, Armar-Klemesu M.1998. Urban agriculture: introduction and review of literature. Accra: NoguchiMemorial Institute for Medical Research.
Mabiba B.1994. Institutional responses to uncontrolled urban cultivation in Harare: prohibitive or accommodative?Environment and Urbanization6(1):188-202.
Aldington T.1997. Urban and peri-urban agriculture: some thoughts on the issue. Land Reform, Land Settlement andCo-operatives2:43-44.
③―Urban agriculture is an activity located within the urban growth boundary which includes raising,processing anddistributing a variety of food and non-food products using resources, products and services found in and around thecity, and in turn supplying resources, products and services for local consumption. Urban agriculture encompasses awide range of food-related activities from education to production, collection to consumption and can includecommunity gardens, small farms, farm stands, farmers markets, and native plant nurseries.‖
①Ackerman K.2011.The Potential for Urban Agriculture in New York City. Urban Design Lab at the Earth InstituteColumbia University.
Online: available at http://www.urbandesignlab.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/urban_agriculture_nyc.pdf.
①[德]尼克·马克等著.蔡建明等译.增长的城市增长的食物[M].北京:商务印书馆,2005.
②Takawira Mubvami, Shingirayi Mushamba. Integration of Agriculture in Urban Land Use Planning. In: RenévanVeenhuizen(eds). Cities Farming for the Future: Urban Agriculture for Green and Productive Cities. RUAFFoundation International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, International Development Research Centre,2006.
①Quon S.1999. Planning for urban agriculture: a review of tools and strategies for urban planners. Cities FeedingPeople Report28. Ottawa: IDRC.
②Kansas City Center for Urban Agriculture.―Growing Good Food in Kansas City Neighborhoods: A guide to urbanagriculture codes in KCMO.‖Accessed on11/20/2010.
http://www.kccua.org/KCMO%20Urban%20Ag%20Codes%20Guide%20-%20booklet.pdf
③Seattle City Council.―Council News Release: Seattle City Council approves urban farm and community gardenlegislation improving access to locally grown food.‖8/16/2010.
http://www.seattle.gov/council/newsdetail.asp?ID=10996&Dept=28
④Rogers, AnMarie.―Memorandum on Draft Proposal for UrbanAgriculture Zoning Controls and Standards.‖SanFrancisco Planning Department.9/04/2010http://media.baycitizen.org/uploaded/documents/2010/8/proposed-new-laws-urban-farmers/draft%20proposal%208.04.10.pdf
①蔡建明,罗彬怡.从国际趋势看将都市农业纳入到城市规划中来[J].城市规划,2004(9):22-25.
①Nairn, M.&Vitiello, D.(2010). Lush Lots: Everyday Urban Agriculture from Community Gardening to CommunityFood Security. Harvard Design Magazine. Fall/Winter2009/10, Number31.
①见《增长的城市增长的食物——都市农业之政策议题》第一章―都市农业：定义、现状、潜力和风险‖
②What is urban agriculture? http://www.ruaf.org/node/512. Urban agriculture can be defined shortly as the growing ofplants and the raising of animals within and around cities.
③RUAF简介：全称―都市农业与食物安全资源中心（RUAF）‖，它由联合国粮农组织（FAO）、国际农业顾问团（CGIAR）、联合国开发计划署（UNDP）、世界卫生组织（WHO）和国际发展研究中心（IDRC）等国际组织于20世纪90年代初共同成立。RUAF在宣传和推广都市农业的理念，使其更好融纳入各地区的发展政策与规划之中取得了瞩目的成绩。它是国际合作的极为成功的例子，建立了都市农业与食物安全资源中心的有效的交流渠道与合作平台，在全球范围内推广都市农业理念，促进城乡健康、有序和持续发展，特别是为发展中国家提供政策性和技术性服务。
①2008年1月1日施行的《中华人民共和国城乡规划法》第二条规定：―制定和实施城乡规划，在规划区内进行建设活动，必须遵守本法。本法所称规划区，是指城市、镇和村庄的建成区以及因城乡建设和发展需要，必须实行规划控制的区域。”建成区和规划区是城乡规划法规体系中极为重要的两个概念。
②What is urban agriculture? http://www.ruaf.org/node/512
①李爱民.基于遥感影像的城市建成区扩张与用地规模研究[D].信息工程大学博士学位论文,2009.
②胡忆东,吴志华,熊伟,潘聪.城市建成区界定方法研究——以武汉市为例[J].城市规划,2008(4):88-96.
①全国城市规划执业制度管理委员会.科学发展观与城市规划（全国注册城市规划师继续教育必修课程教学指定用书）[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2007.
①吴俊丽.海外都市农业对京郊都市农业的启示[J].北京农业职业学院学报,2002(1):21.
②俞菊生.都市农业的理论与创新体系构筑[J].农业现代化研究,1999,20(4):207.
③蔡言.按照现代化国际大都市的要求构造都市型农业[EB].北京农业信息网.http://www.agri.ac.cn/agri_net/02/2-08/link.htm
①刘斐,戴学来.都市农业的背景、特征及其发展[J].天津师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001(6):67-72.
①《增长的城市、增长的食物》P92-108
②Rome Declaration on Word Food Security and Word Food Summit Plan ofAction,Word Food Summit,Rome,13~17November,1996.―when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy andactive life‖
③Food availability: sufficient quantities of food available on a consistent basis;②Food access: having sufficientresources to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet;③Food use: appropriate use based on knowledge of basicnutrition and care, as well as adequate water and sanitation.资料来源：世界卫生组织WHO网站http://www.who.int/trade/glossary/story028/en/
④USDA. Food Security in the United States: Measuring Household Food Security. Retrieved2008-02-23.
⑤Satin M. FoodAlert: The Ultimate Sourcebook for Food Safety. Facts on File Inc.,2008(9),2nd ed.
⑥《增长的城市增长的食物》P92-108
①Renévan Veenhuizen. Cities Farming for the Future: Urban Agriculture for Green and Productive Cities. RUAFFoundation International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, International Development Research Centre,2006, P11.
②见《增长的城市增长的食物》P51
①Smit J, Nasr J.1992. Urban agriculture for sustainable cities: using wastes and idle land and water bodies asresources. Environment and Urbanization42:141–152.
①张立生.略论大城市―都市型农业‖的发展与城市规划[J].城市规划汇刊,2001(3):68-70.
②周年兴,俞孔坚.农田与城市的自然融合[J].规划师,2003(3):53-85.
③蔡建明,罗彬怡.从国际趋势看将都市农业纳入到城市规划中来[J].城市规划,2004(9):22-25.
④宁超乔,徐培玮,邢记明.都市农业的城市规划思考[J].城市发展研究,2006(2):69-84.
⑤马杰,张洪波.大城市都市农业与城市可持续发展初探[J].四川建筑,2006(8):23-26.
⑥张禄祥.发展都市农业促进生态城市建设[J].农业现代化研究,2003(3):50-52
⑦苗丽娜.都市农业:城市可持续发展的必然选择[J].小城镇建设,2003(10).
①卢启程,都市农业与生态城市的协同关系研究[J].生态经济,138-141.
②田洁,刘晓虹,贾进,崔毅.都市农业与城市绿色空间的有机契合——城乡空间统筹的规划探索[J].城市规划,2006(10):32-36.
③李广志,刘笑明,李同.都市农业:西安市建设生态城市的新视角[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008(7):22-26.
④薛若晗,窦贻俭,高超,朱继业.生态城市建设中的生态农业对策——以南京为例[J].四川建筑,2004(1):25-27.
①周年兴,俞孔坚.农田与城市的自然融合[J].规划师,2003(3).
②张华如.现代都市农业公园规划建设有关问题探讨[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(36):11816–11817.
③苗健,生态建筑的革命——农作物覆盖下的城市住宅.中外建筑,2007(11):49-52.
④张玉坤,孙艺冰.国外的―都市农业‖与中国城市生态节地策略[J].建筑学报,2011(4):95-98.
①李榕.城市屋顶花园推行迟滞问题的探讨和应对[D].上海:同济大学硕士论文,2007.
②资料来源：环境保护部环境保护对外合作中心.老人的屋顶绿色菜园.http://vod.mepfeco.org.cn/viewpic.asp?id=3中国网. http://www.hnhm.com.cn/news/picnews/201003/158490.html汪文汉.武汉晨报.楼顶―菜园‖违章搭建将被拆.2007年5月15日. http://news.fdc.com.cn/tbxw/70701.htm.
①杨子江.建筑屋面节能技术[J].工业建筑,2005,(1):40-43.
②李保峰.适应夏热冬冷地区气候的建筑表皮之可变化设计策略研究[D].清华大学博士论文,2004.
③JGJ134－2001夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001:18.
④吕家龙(主编).蔬菜栽培学各论南方本.第3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
⑤么枕生.由土壤温度论微气候[J].气象学报.1950(11):69-78.
①Pirog R, Pelt T.2002. How Far Do Your Fruit and Vegetables Travel? Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture.Online: available at www.leopold.iastate.edu/pubs/staff/ppp/food_chart0402.pdf.
①Stephenson, Garry.2008. Farmers' Markets: Success, Failure, and Management Ecology. Amherst, NY: CambriaPress.
②APA.2007.Policy Guide on Community and Regional Food Planning[R/OL]. Chicago: American PlanningAssociation. Online: available athttp://www.planning.org/policy/guides/adopted/food.htm.
③Ericksen P J.2008. Conceptualizing food systems for global environmental change research[J]. GlobalEnvironmental Change,2:234-245.
④Friedman, H.1999. Circles of Growing and Eating: The Political Ecology of Food and Agriculture. In: Crew R, eds.In Food In Global History[M]. Boulder CO: Westview,33-57.
⑤Hinrichs C, Lyson T A,eds.2007. Remaking the North American Food System: Strategies for Sustainability. Lincoln:University of Nebraska Press.
①USDA Economic Research Service (2009). Food CPI, Prices and Expenditures: Food Expenditures by Families andIndividuals as a Share of Disposable Personal Income.
②USDAEconomic Research Service (2009). Loss-Adjusted Food Availability. Data Sets.
③Lapping, Mark,2004.―Toward the Recovery of the Local in the Globalizing Food System: the Role of AlternativeAgricultural and Food Models in the US‖Ethics, Place and Environment, Vol.7, No.3,141–150, October.
④Heller M C, Keoleian G A.2000. Life Cycle-Based Sustainability Indicators for Assessment of the U.S. Food System(Report No. CSS00-04)[R/OL]. University of Michigan, Center for sustainable systems.
①详见网页： http://guide.buylocalca.org/
②Hinrichs C, Lyson T A,eds.2007. Remaking the North American Food System: Strategies for Sustainability. Lincoln:University of Nebraska Press.
①Born B, Purcell M.2006. Avoiding the Local Trap: Scale and Food Systems in Planning Research[J]. Journal ofPlanning Education and Research,26:195-207.
②Martinez S, et al.2010. Local Food Systems: Concepts, Impacts, and Issues, ERR97[R/OL]. U.S. Department ofAgriculture, Economic Research Service.
①详见网页：http://www.planning.org/nationalcenters/health/foodprinciples.htm
①Socio-demographics: Characteristics of a person or group of persons. Here, demographics are innate characteristicslike age, race, and gender while social characteristics are ones acquired in society, such as education, income, andmarital status.
②Hodgson K, Campbell M C, Bailkey M.2011.Urban Agriculture: Growing Healthy, Sustainable Places (PAS563)[M]. Chicago: American Planning Association.
①Brown, K. H. and Carter, A.(2003). Urban agriculture&community food Security in the U.S: Farming from the citycenter to the urban fringe. Primer prepared by Community Food Security Coalition’s North American UrbanAgriculture Committee. Retrieved February10,2008from http://www.foodsecurity.org/PrimerCFSCUAC.pdf.
①http://www.hantzfarmsdetroit.com
②Can Farming Save Detroit? http://kcfresh.wordpress.com January20,2010by jeromeu
①P-Patch community gardens-Growing Communities. http://www.seattle.gov/neighborhoods/ppatch/
②American Community Garden Association (2011). What is a community garden?http://www.communitygarden.org/learn/.
①Michael Ableman是农夫、作家、摄影师，都市农业中心以及他工作着的Foxglove农场艺术、生态和农业中心的创建者。他是《来自好土地》（Abrams，1993），《脚踏美好之地》（Chronicle Books2005）的作者和摄影师，以及the subject of the award winning PBS film 《超越有机》narrated by Meryl Streep.
①www.growingpower.org/
②图片来源：http://thegreenpla.net/tag/growing-power/
③http://www.cityfarm.info
①SDOT CAM2305. Gardening in Planting Strips. http://www.seattle.gov/transportantion/cams/cam2305.pdf
①Hoerr Schaudt LandscapeArchitects, Chicago USA. Rooftop Haven for Urban Agriculture.http://www.asla.org/2010awards/377.html
①来源：The Miller Hull Partnership. Bumper Crop. http://2008honorawards.aiaseattle.org/node/61
②McClintock N, Cooper J.2009. Cultivating the Commons: An Assessment of the Potential for Urban Agriculture onOakland’s Public Land. Berkeley University of California. P:25.
③Tomkins, M.(2006). The Edible Urban Landscape: An Assessment Method for Retro-Fitting Urban Agriculture Intoan Inner London Test Site. Dagenham, UK: MS Architecture, Advanced Environment and Energy Studies.
④Horst.2008. Growing Green:An Inventory of Public Lands Suitable for Community Gardening in Seattle,Washington. Seattle:University of Washington, College of Architecture and Urban Planning.
①Holland Barrs Planning Group, Lees+Associates Sustainability Ventures Group. Southeast False Creek UrbanAgriculture Strategy.2002.
①Planning a healthy, sustainable food system. Planning and Community Health Research Center, APA.网络资源：http://www.planning.org/nationalcenters/health/pdf/apapchfoodsystemplanning.pdf
①Benedict M., McMahon E. Green infrastructure: linking landscapes and communities[M]. Washington CoveloLondon: Island Press,2006.
②Wickhama J., Riitters K., Wadea T., et al. A national assessment of green infrastructure and change for theconterminous United States: using morphological image processing[J].Landscape and UrbanPlanning,2010,94:186-195.
①Rottle N., Maryman B. Envisioning Seattle’s Green Future: Visions and Strategies from The Green FuturesCharrette[R/OL]. Seattle: Open Space Seattle2100.[2006].http://depts.washington.edu/open2100/book/book.complete.pdf.
①ASLA.2007.http://www.asla.org/awards/2007/07winners/439_gftuw.html.
①李开然.绿色基础设施：概念，理论及实践[J].中国园林,2009(10):89-90.
②付喜娥,吴人韦.绿色基础设施评价（GIA）方法介述——以马里兰州为例[J].中国园林,2009(9):41-45.
③Weber T., Sloan A., Wolf J. Maryland’s Green Infrastructure Assessment: development of a comprehensive approachto land conservation[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2006,77:94-110.
①Weber T., Sloan A., Wolf J. Maryland’s Green Infrastructure Assessment: development of a comprehensive approachto land conservation[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2006,77:94-110.
①维基百科.城市设计. http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1.
②张庭伟.城市高速发展中的城市设计问题:关于城市设计原则的讨论[J].城市规划汇刊,2001(3):6-10.
③董慰,城市设计框架及其模型研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士论文,2009.
④在本文，但凡涉及到Urbanism，均翻译为―城市主义‖，如New Urbanism，Landscape Urbanism，sustainableurbanism等翻译为：新城市主义，景观城市主义，可持续城市主义。
⑤Alter, L.2010. New Urbanism Evolves: The Future is "Agrarian Urbanism".
Online: available at http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/05/new-urbanism-evolves-future-is-agrarian-urbanism.php.
①Salle J, Holland M, eds.2010. Agricultural Urbanism: Handbook for Building Sustainable Food Systems in21stCentury Cities. CA: Green Frigate Books.
②Duany Plater-Zyberk&Company,2009. Agricultural Urbanism. Online: available at www.lindroth.cc/pdf/QuickReadAgf.pdf.
①Salle J, Holland M, eds.2010. Agricultural Urbanism: Handbook for Building Sustainable Food Systems in21stCentury Cities. CA: Green Frigate Books.
①James Petts. Edible Buildings-benefits, challenges and limitations. www.sustainweb.org/pdf/edible_buildngs.pdf
②Herbicides D, The Vertical Farm: Feeding the World in the21st Centry.2009
①北美食物政策委员会网页North American Food Policy Council Webpage. http://www.foodsecurity.org/FPC/
①8.Harper A, Shattuck A, Holt-Giménez E et al.2009.food policy councils: lessons learned. Food First and theCommunity Food Security Coalition. Online: available at http://www.foodsecurity.org/pubs.html#fpc
①Zoning译法各异。张庭伟将其译为《区域法》，孙晖、梁江将其译为《分区规划》。
②孙晖,梁江.美国的城乡规划法规体系[J].国外城市规划,2000(1):19-26.
③张庭伟.从美国城市规划的变革看中国城市规划的改革[J].城市规划汇刊,1996(3):1-7.
①Seattle Comprehensive Plan, Urban VillageAppendix B.
②City of New York,2011. PlaNYC Update: AGreener, Greater New York. The Mayor’s Office of Long-Term Planningand Sustainability.
①Kansas City Center for Urban Agriculture.―Growing Good Food in Kansas City Neighborhoods: A guide to urbanagriculture codes in KCMO.‖Accessed on1/82011http://www.kccua.org/KCMO%20Urban%20Ag%20Codes%20Guide%20-%20booklet.pdf
②Seattle City Council.―Council News Release: Seattle City Council approves urban farm and community gardenlegislation improving access to locally grown food.‖8/1/2011. http://www.seattle.gov/council/newsdetail.asp?ID=10996&Dept=28
①张庭伟.中国规划走向世界——从物质规划到社会发展规划[J].城市规划汇刊,1997(1):5-9.
①植物生长所需要的光、热和CO2资源，以及动物所需的O2资源因为随时随地存在，在此不做讨论。
②贾宁,田明华,赵蔓卓,张琛麟.北京市屋顶绿化的发展与对策[J].中国城市林业,2008,(03).
③周伟伟,王雁.北京市的屋顶绿化[J].中国城市林业,2006.4(2):35-37.
④谭天鹰.浅谈屋顶绿化在首都建设生态城市办绿色奥运中的重要作用[J].国土绿化,2006(3):24-25.
⑤数据来源：《2008年武汉市国民经济和社会发展统计公报》
①Pablo Torres Lima. Mexico City: the integration of urban agriculture to contain urban sprawl. Growing cities,Growing F ood, p363-390,print:Proff Offsetdruck,D-82547Eurasburg, April2000
②Petra K reinecker. La Paz: urban agriculture in harsh ecological conditions. Growing cities, Growing Food, p400-404, print: Proff Offsetdruck,D-82547Eurasburg, April2000.
①Luc J. A.Mougeout. Urban Agriculture: Concept and Definition. Urban agriculture Magazine,2000(1)
②Gonzalez novo&Catherine Murphy. Urban agriculture in the city of Havana: a popular response to a crisis.Growing cities, Growing Food,p329-347, print: Proff Offsetdruck, D-82547Eurasburg, April,2000
③María Caridad Cruz, Roberto Sánchez Medina. AGRICULTURE IN THE CITY. A Key to Sustainability in Havana,Cuba. Ian Randle Publishers Kingston. International Development Research Centre2003
Ottawa Cairo Dakar Montevideo Nairobi New Delhi Singapore
④图片来源：Cuba's organic revolution. May12,2008.
http://kingmaker65.wordpress.com/2008/05/12/cuba%E2%80%99s-organic-revolution/
①马世骏.中国的农业生态工程[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
②李维炯，李季，许艇主编.农业生态工程基础[M].中国环境科学出版社,2004.
③王兆骞主编.中国生态农业与农业可持续发展[M].北京：北京出版社,2001:11.
①颜京松.中国与西方国家的生态工程比较[J].农村生态环境学报,1994,10(1):45-52
①李维炯，李季，许艇主编.农业生态工程基础[M].中国环境科学出版社.2004.
①黄天其.耕殖居生态综合体——一种城郊可持续建筑模式探索.第七届中国城市住宅研讨会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008：125-129.
①蔡建明,罗彬怡.从国际趋势看将都市农业纳入到城市规划中来[J].城市规划,2004(9):22-25.
①张庭伟.从―向权力讲授真理‖到―参与决策权力‖——当前美国规划理论界的一个动向：―联络性规划‖[J].城市规划,1999(6):33-36.
①《园林术语标准》：城市绿地系统是由城市中各种类型和规模的绿化用地组成的整体。23
《中国大百科全书（建筑、园林、城市规划分册）》中的定义:城市绿地系统是城市中由各种类型、各种规模的园林绿地组成的生态系统，用以改善城市环境，为城市居民提供游憩境域。
《城市规划基本术语标准》:城市中各种类型和规模的绿化用地组成的整体。并在条文说明中进一步指出，城市绿地系统的发布方式，需要均匀布置，结合城市的自然地形，以―点、线、面‖结合的形式进行连接，形成整体。‖
①蔡建明,罗彬怡.从国际趋势看将都市农业纳入到城市规划中来[J].城市规划,2003(9):22-25.
①全国城市规划执业制度管理委员会.城市规划管理与法规[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2011.
①全国城市规划执业制度管理委员会.城市规划管理与法规[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2011.
①在古巴的城市物质规划中，都市农业隶属于绿色系统下面的―农业生产子系统‖。
①石志高.城市绿地系统中G5绿地分类及其规划设计研究—基于咸阳市城市绿地系统规划[D].西安建筑科技大学硕士论文,2010:14.
②《城市绿地分类标准》CJJ/T85-2002
①Alter, L.(2010). New Urbanism Evolves: The Future is "Agrarian Urbanism". Online: available athttp://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/05/new-urbanism-evolves-future-is-agrarian-urbanism.php
①Towards a Sustainable America:Advancing Prosperity, Opportunity, and a Healthy Environment for the21stCentury[R]. President’s Council on Sustainable Development,1999. http://clinton4.nara.gov/media/pdf/tsa.pdf.
①[英]埃比尼泽霍华德.金经元译.明日的田园城市[M].北京:商务印书馆,2010:9.
[1][德]尼克·马克等著.蔡建明等译.增长的城市增长的食物[M].北京:商务印书馆,2005.
[2][美]梅林卜泉（Bookchin M）.南方书局译.生态学与革命思潮.台北市:南方书局,1987:68-69,14. Born B, Purcell M.2006. Avoiding the Local Trap: Scale and Food Systems inPlanning Research[J]. Journal of Planning Education and Research,26:195-207.
[3][英]埃比尼泽霍华德.金经元译.明日的田园城市[M].北京:商务印书馆,2010:9.
[4][英]舒马赫(E. F. Schumacher)著.虞鸿钧,郑关林译.小的是美好的.北京:商务印书馆,1984.
[5]《2006年中国统计年鉴》
[6]《北京市土地利用总体规划（2006-2020）》
[7]《城市绿地分类标准》CJJ/T85-2002
[8]《武汉城市总体规划（2009-2020）》
[9]《武汉市土地利用总体规划（2006-2020年）》
[10]2007年中国国土资源公报http://cn. chinagate. cn/reports/2008-04/17/content_14968295.htm.
[11] Ackerman K.2011. The Potential for Urban Agriculture in New York City. Urban Design Labat the Earth Institute Columbia University. Online: available at http://www. urbandesignlab.columbia. edu/sitefiles/file/urban_agriculture_nyc. pdf.
[12] Ackerman K.2011. The Potential for Urban Agriculture in New York City. Urban Design Labat the Earth Institute Columbia University. Online: available at http://www. urbandesignlab.columbia. edu/sitefiles/file/urban_agriculture_nyc. pdf.
[13] Ackerman K.2011. The Potential for Urban Agriculture in New York City. Urban Design Labat the Earth Institute Columbia University.
[14] Acting food policy council: Seattle and King County.(2008). Retrieved January20,2008fromhttp://king. wsu. edu/foodandfarms/foodpolicycouncil. htm
[15] Aldington T.1997. Urban and peri-urban agriculture: some thoughts on the issue. Land Reform,Land Settlement and Co-operatives2:43-44.
[16] Alter L.2010. New Urbanism Evolves: The Future is "Agrarian Urbanism". Online: availableat http://www. treehugger. com/files/2010/05/new-urbanism-evolves-future-is-agrarian-urbanism. php.
[17] American Community Garden Association (2011). What is a community garden?
[18] American Institute of Architecture.(2008). From farm to market, down the stairs, around theblock. Mortice, Z. Retrieved on May15,2008from http://www. aia.org/aiarchitect/thisweek07/1026/1026d_mithun. cfm
[19] APA et al.2010. Principles of a Healthy, Sustainable Food System. Online: available at http://www. ci. knoxville. tn. us/boards/food/foodsystems. pdf.
[20] APA.2007. Policy Guide on Community and Regional Food Planning. Chicago: AmericanPlanning Association. Online: available at http://www. planning. org/policy/guides/adopted/food. htm.
[21] APA's Commitment. http://www. planning. org/nationalcenters/health/food. htm
[22] ASLA.2007. http://www. asla. org/awards/2007/07winners/439_gftuw. html.
[23] Bailkey M, Nasr J. From Brownfields to Greenfields: Producing Food in North American Cities.Community Food Security News, Fall1999/Winter2000
[24] Bakker, Nico; Dubbeling, Marielle; Guendel, Sabine; Sabel-Koschella, Ulrich; Zeeuw, Henk de(eds). Growing Cities, Growing Food: urban agriculture on the policy agenda,2006.
[25] Balmer, K, Gill, J., Kaplinger, H., Miller, J., Peterson, M., Rhoads, A., Rosenbloom, P&Wall,T.(2005). The diggable city: Making urban agriculture a planning priority. Portland StateUniversity.
[26] Balmer, K., et al.(2005). The Diggable City: Making Urban Agriculture a Planning Priority.PowerPoint presentation prepared for The City of Portland, OR. Retrieved from http://www.portlandonline. com/bps/index. cfm?a=122587&c=42793.
[27] Benedict M., McMahon E. Green infrastructure: linking landscapes and communities[M].Washington Covelo London: Island Press,2006.
[28] Brown, K. H. and Carter, A.(2003). Urban agriculture&community food Security in the U. S:Farming from the city center to the urban fringe. Primer prepared by Community Food SecurityCoalition’s North American Urban Agriculture Committee. Retrieved February10,2008fromhttp://www. foodsecurity. org/PrimerCFSCUAC. pdf.
[29] Can Farming Save Detroit? http://kcfresh. wordpress. com January20,2010by jeromeu
[30] Carton Campbell M,2004. Building a Common Table[J]. Journal of Planning Education andResearch23:341-355.
[31] Cheema, G. S., Smit, J., Ratta, A.,&Nasr, J.(1996). Urban agriculture: food, jobs andsustainable cities. United Nations Development Programme. New York, N. Y.
[32] City of New York,2011. PlaNYC Update: A Greener, Greater New York. The Mayor’s Officeof Long-Term Planning and Sustainability.
[33] Clancy K,2004. Potential Contributions of Planning to Community Food Systems[J]. Journalof Planning Education and Research23:435-438.
[34] Condon P. Design charrettes for sustainable communities[M]. Washington Covelo London:Island press,2007.
[35] Cook R, Morgan D, Radenovic H, Renzi S.2007. Food System Enhancement Project[R/OL].Seattle: Program on the Environment Certificate in Environmental Management KeystoneProject,2006-2007.
[36] Cuba's organic revolution. May12,2008.
[37] Deelstra, T., Boyd, D., Biggelaar, M.(2001, July). Multifunctional Land Use: An Opportunityfor Promoting Urban Agriculture in Europe. UA Magazine. No.1,33-35. Retrieved from http://www. ruaf. org/node/183.
[38] Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Washington, the Open Space Seattle2100Coalition. Open Space Seattle2100Envisioning Seattle's Green Infrastructure for the NextCentury[EB/OL].[2007]. http://www. asla. org/awards/2007/07winners/439_gftuw. html.
[39] Department of Neighborhoods of the City of Seattle.(2008a). The history of the P-Patchprogram. Retrieved April1,2008from http://www. seattle. gov/neighborhoods/ppatch/history.htm.
[40] Department of Neighborhoods of the City of Seattle.(2008b). P-Patch community gardens.Retrieved February11,2008from http://www. seattle. gov/neighborhoods/ppatch/.
[41] Department of Planning and Development of the City of Seattle.(2007). Seattle’scomprehensive plan: Towards a sustainable Seattle. Retrieved April5,2008from http://www.seattle. gov/DPD/static/Complete%20Plan2007_LatestReleased_DP DP_021122. pdf.
[42] Duany Plater-Zyberk&Company,2009. Agricultural Urbanism. Online: available at www.lindroth. cc/pdf/QuickReadAgf. pdf.
[43] DVRPC.2010. GREATER PHILADELPHIA food system research[R/OL]. Philadelphia:Delaware Valley regional planning mission.
[44] Ericksen P J.2008. Conceptualizing food systems for global environmental change research.Global Environmental Change,2:234-245.
[45] Food systems sustainability and security resolution. City of Seattle Resolution#31019version5.
[46] Friedman, H.1999. Circles of Growing and Eating: The Political Ecology of Food andAgriculture. In: Crew R, eds. In Food In Global History[M]. Boulder CO: Westview,33-57.
[47] Garrett S, Naas J, Watterson C, Henze T, Keithly S, Radke-Sproull S.2006. Sound Food Report:Enhancing Seattle’s Food System[R/OL]. Online: available at http://faculty. washington.edu/bborn/PoENeighborhoodReport. pdf
[48] Gittleman, M., Librizzi, L., Stone, E.(2010). Community Garden Survey: New York CityResults2009/2010. New York: Compton Foundation.
[49] Gonzalez novo&Catherine Murphy. Urban agriculture in the city of Havana: a popularresponse to a crisis. Growing cities, Growing Food, p329-347, print: Proff Offsetdruck, D-82547Eurasburg, April,2000
[50] Gruen, D.(2007). Urban farming in Seattle: Opportunities and Issues. A report to the City ofSeattle Department of Neighborhoods P-Patch Program and Department of planning andDevelopment.
[51] Gumbo DJ, Ndiripo TW.1996. Open space cultivation in Zimbabwe: case study of GreaterHarare, Zimbabwe. African Urban Qurban agriculturerterly11(2-3):210-216.
[52] H. DE ZEEUW, R. VAN VEENHUIZEN AND M. DUBBELING.2011. FORESIGHTPROJECT ON GLOBAL FOOD AND FARMING FUTURES: The role of urban agriculture inbuilding resilient cities in developing countries. Journal of Agricultural Science,1-11.
[53] Harper A, Shattuck A, Holt-Giménez E et al.2009. food policy councils: lessons learned. FoodFirst and the Community Food Security Coalition. Online: available at http://www.foodsecurity. org/pubs. html#fpc.
[54] Heimlich, R.(1989). Metropolitan agriculture: Farming in the city’s shadow. Journal of theAmerican Planning Association55:457-466.
[55] Heller M C, Keoleian G A.2000. Life Cycle-Based Sustainability Indicators for Assessment ofthe U. S. Food System (Report No. CSS00-04)[R/OL]. University of Michigan, Center forsustainable systems.
[56] Herbach, G.(1998). Harvesting the city: Community gardening in greater Madison, Wisconsin.Madison Food System Project Working Paper Series MFSP-1998-01for the Madison FoodSystem Project. Retrieved May5,2008from http://www. cityfarmer. org/madison. html
[57] Herbicides D, The Vertical Farm: Feeding the World in the21stCentry.2009
[58] Hinrichs C, Lyson T A, eds.2007. Remaking the North American Food System: Strategies forSustainability. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
[59] Hodgson K, Campbell M C, Bailkey M.2011. Urban Agriculture: Growing Healthy,Sustainable Places (PAS563)[M]. Chicago: American Planning Association.
[60] Hoerr Schaudt Landscape Architects, Chicago USA. Rooftop Haven for Urban Agriculture.
[61] Holland Barrs Planning Group, Lees+Associates Sustainability Ventures Group. SoutheastFalse Creek Urban Agriculture Strategy.2002.
[62] Horst.2008. Growing Green: An Inventory of Public Lands Suitable for Community Gardeningin Seattle, Washington. Seattle: University of Washington, College of Architecture and UrbanPlanning.
[63] Hou J, Johnson J, Lawson L.2009. Greening Cities, Growing Communities: Learning fromSeattle's Urban Community Gardens.
[64] James Petts. Edible Buildings-benefits, challenges and limitations. www. sustainweb.org/pdf/edible_buildngs. pdf
[65] Kansas City Center for Urban Agriculture.―Growing Good Food in Kansas CityNeighborhoods: A guide to urban agriculture codes in KCMO.‖Accessed on11/20/2010. http://www. kccua. org/KCMO%20Urban%20Ag%20Codes%20Guide%20-%20booklet. pdf
[66] Kaufman, J., Bailkey, M.(2000). Farming inside cities: Entrepreneurial urban agriculture in theUnited States. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. Retrieved April5,2008from http://queencityfarm. org/FarmingInsideCities. pdf.
[67] Keathler, T. M.(2006). Growing space: The potential for urban agriculture in the city ofVancouver. School of Community and Regional Planning, British Columbia.
[68] Koc M, Dahlberg K.1999. The restructuring of food systems: Trends, research, and policyissues[J]. Agriculture and Human Values,16:109–116.
[69] Krista Leahy. Brooklyn Grange: World’s Largest Rooftop Farm Kicks Off Second GrowingSeason.
[70] Langston, J.(2008). Urban farming sprouts in Seattle. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. June2,2008.
[71] Lapping, Mark,2004.―Toward the Recovery of the Local in the Globalizing Food System: theRole of Alternative Agricultural and Food Models in the US‖Ethics, Place and Environment,Vol.7, No.3,141–150, October.
[72] Lazarus, C.(2000). Urban agriculture: A revolutionary model for economic development. NewVillage:2.
[73] Leahy K.2011. Brooklyn Grange: World’s Largest Rooftop Farm Kicks Off Second GrowingSeason. Online: available at http://inhabitat. com/nyc/brooklyn-grange-worlds-largest-rooftop-farm-kicks-off-second-growing-season.
[74] Lesher C. W. Jr.2009. Urban Agriculture: A Literature Review; Urban Agriculture: DifferingPhenomena in Differing Regions of the World. Beltsville, Maryland: Alternative FarmingSystems Information Center, National Agricultural Library.
[75] Lynn Peemoeller.2010. QuickNotes: Food Systems Planning. American PlanningAssociation[R/OL]. Available at: http://www. planning. org/pas/quicknotes/pdf/QN24. pdf.
[76] Mabiba B.1994. Institutional responses to uncontrolled urban cultivation in Harare: prohibitiveor accommodative? Environment and Urbanization6(1):188-202.
[77] María Caridad Cruz, Roberto Sánchez Medina. AGRICULTURE IN THE CITY. A Key toSustainability in Havana, Cuba. Ian Randle Publishers Kingston. International DevelopmentResearch Centre2003
[78] Martinez S, et al.2010. Local Food Systems: Concepts, Impacts, and Issues, ERR97[R/OL]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
[79] Matteson, K. C.&Langellotto, G. A.(2009). Bumble Bee Abundance in New York CityCommunity Gardens: Implications for Urban Agriculture. Cities and the Environment.2(1):article5,12pp.
[80] Maxwell D, Armar-Klemesu M.1998. Urban agriculture: introduction and review of literature.Accra: Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research.
[81] McClintock N, Cooper J.2009. Cultivating the Commons: An Assessment of the Potential forUrban Agriculture on Oakland’s Public Land. Berkeley University of California. P:25.
[82] Meadow A M,2009. Evaluation and designing urban food system: the role of local initiatives.Dissertation. Fairbanks: The university of Alaska Fairbanks.
[83] Morales A, Kettles G.2009. Zoning for Public Markets and Street Vendors. Zoning Practice,2:1-8. Online: available at http://www. planning. org/zoningpractice/2009/pdf/feb. pdf.
[84] Mougeot LJ A.2005. Agropolis: the social, political and environmental dimensions of urbanagriculture. London: Earthscan,2005
[85] Mougeot, L. J. A.(2006). Growing better cities: Urban agriculture for sustainable development.Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.
[86] Mougeout L J. Urban Agriculture: Concept and Definition. Urban agriculture Magazine,2000(1).
[87] Mukherji N, Morales A.2010. Zoning for Urban Agriculture, Zoning Practice,3:1-8. Online:available at http://www. planning. org/zoningpractice/2010/pdf/mar. pdf.
[88] Mullinix K, Henderson D, Holland M, Salle J, Porter E, Fleming P.2008. AgriculturalUrbanism and Municipal Supported Agriculture: A New Food System Path for SustainableCities. White Paper Submitted for the Surrey Regional Econommic Summit8/30/2008. Online:available at http://www. cityfarmer. org/agricultural_urbanism. pdf.
[89] Nairn, M.&Vitiello, D.(2010). Lush Lots: Everyday Urban Agriculture from CommunityGardening to Community Food Security. Harvard Design Magazine. Fall/Winter2009/10,Number31.
[90] New York City Council.(2010). Food Works: A Vision to Improve NYC’s Food System.Retrieved from http://council. nyc. gov/html/food/fi les/foodworks_fullreport_11_22_10. pdf.
[91] Office of Manhattan Borough President Scott M. Stringer.(2009). Food in the Public Interest:How New York City’s Food Policy Holds the Key to Hunger, Health, Jobs, and theEnvironment. Retrieved from http://www. citylimits. org/images_pdfs/pdfs/StringerFood. pdf.
[92] Office of Manhattan Borough President Scott M. Stringer.(2010). Food NYC: A Blueprint for aSustainable Food System. Retrieved from http://www. mbpo. org/release_details. asp?id=1496.
[93] Office of the Manhattan Borough President Scott Stringer.(2011). Red Tape, Green Vegetables:A Plan to Improve New York City’s Regulations for Community-Based Farmers Markets.Retrieved from http://www. libertycontrol. net/uploads/mbpo/RTGVReport. pdf.
[94] Pablo Torres Lima. Mexico City: the integration of urban agriculture to contain urban sprawl.Growing cities, Growing F ood, p363-390, print: Proff Offsetdruck, D-82547Eurasburg,April2000
[95] Peters, C. J., Bills, N. L., Lembo, A. J., Wilkins, J. L., Fick, G. W.(2008, October). MappingPotential Foodsheds in New York State: A Spatial Model for Evaluating the Capacity toLocalize Food Production. Ames, Iowa: Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture.Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems:24(1);72–84.
[96] Petra K reinecker. La Paz: urban agriculture in harsh ecological conditions. Growing cities,Growing Food, p400-404, print: Proff Offsetdruck, D-82547Eurasburg, April2000.
[97] Pirog R, Pelt T.2002. How Far Do Your Fruit and Vegetables Travel? Leopold Center forSustainable Agriculture. Online: available at www. leopold. iastate. edu/pubs/staff/ppp/food_chart0402. pdf.
[98] Planning&Community Health Research Center Homepage. http://www. planning.org/nationalcenters/health/
[99] Planning a healthy, sustainable food system. Planning and Community Health Research Center,APA. Available at http://www. planning. org/nationalcenters/health/pdf/apapchfoodsystemplanning. pdf
[100] Pothukuchi K, Kaufman J.1999. Placing the food system on the urban agenda: The role ofmunicipal institutions in food systems planning[J]. Agriculture and Human Values,16:213-224.
[101] Pothukuchi K, Kaufman J.2000. The Food System: A Stranger to the Planning Field[J]. Journalof the American Planning Association,66:113-124.
[102] P-Patch Community Gardening Program Staff and Volunteers.2008. A community gardenleadership handbook. Seattle: department of neighborhood. Online: available at http://www.seattle. gov/neighborhoods/ppatch/pubs/P-Patch%20Leadership%20Handbook%202009. pdf.
[103] P-Patch community gardens-Growing Communities. http://www. seattle.gov/neighborhoods/ppatch/
[104] Quon S.1999. Planning for urban agriculture: a review of tools and strategies for urbanplanners. Cities Feeding People Report28. Ottawa: IDRC.
[105] Raja S, Born B, Kozlowski J,2008. A Planners Guide to Community and Regional FoodPlanning: Transforming Food Environments, Facilitating Healthy Eating (PAS Report554)[M].Chicago: American Planning Association.
[106] René van Veenhuizen. Cities Farming for the Future: Urban Agriculture for Green andProductive Cities. RUAF Foundation International Institute of Rural Reconstruction,International Development Research Centre,2006, P11.
[107] Resource Centers on Urban Agriculture and Food Security.(2008). What is urban agriculture?Retrieved January6,2008from http://www. ruaf. org/node/512
[108] Rogers, AnMarie.―Memorandum on Draft Proposal for Urban Agriculture Zoning Controls andStandards.‖San Francisco Planning Department.9/04/2010http://media. baycitizen.org/uploaded/documents/2010/8/proposed-new-laws-urban-farmers/draft%20proposal%208.04.10. pdf
[109] Rome Declaration on Word Food Security and Word Food Summit Plan of Action, Word FoodSummit, Rome,13~17
[110] Rottle N., Maryman B. Envisioning Seattle’s Green Future: Visions and Strategies from TheGreen Futures Charrette[R/OL]. Seattle: Open Space Seattle2100.[2006]. http://depts.washington. edu/open2100/book/book. complete. pdf.
[111] Salle J, Holland M, eds.2010. Agricultural Urbanism: Handbook for Building Sustainable FoodSystems in21st Century Cities. CA: Green Frigate Books.
[112] Satin M. Food Alert: The Ultimate Sourcebook for Food Safety. Facts on File Inc.,2008(9),2nded.
[113] SDOT CAM2305. Gardening in Planting Strips. http://www. seattle. gov/transportantion/cams/cam2305. pdf
[114] Seattle City Council.―Council News Release: Seattle City Council approves urban farm andcommunity garden legislation improving access to locally grown food.‖8/16/2010. http://www. seattle. gov/council/newsdetail. asp?ID=10996&Dept=28
[115] Seattle Comprehensive Plan, Urban Village Appendix B.
[116] Seattle Public Utilities.(2008). Reservoir covering program. Retrieved June1,2008http://www. seattle. gov/util/About_SPU/Water_System/Projects/Reservoir_Covering_Program/index. asp.
[117] Smit J, Nasr J.1992. Urban agriculture for sustainable cities: using wastes and idle land andwater bodies as resources. Environment and Urbanization42:141–152.
[118] Smit, J.&Nasr, J.(1995). Farming in cities. Context: A Journal of Hope, Sustainability, andChange,42:20-23.
[119] Stephenson, Garry.2008. Farmers' Markets: Success, Failure, and Management Ecology.Amherst, NY: Cambria Press.
[120] Takawira Mubvami, Shingirayi Mushamba. Integration of Agriculture in Urban Land UsePlanning. In: Renévan Veenhuizen(eds). Cities Farming for the Future: Urban Agriculture forGreen and Productive Cities. RUAF Foundation International Institute of Rural Reconstruction,International Development Research Centre,2006.
[121] The Miller Hull Partnership. Bumper Crop. http://2008honorawards. aiaseattle. org/node/61
[122] The New York City Council.2010. FoodWorks: A Vision to Improve NYC’s FoodSystem[R/OL]. Online: available at http://council. nyc. gov/html/food/files/foodworks_fullreport_11_22_10. pdf
[123] Tomkins, M.(2006). The Edible Urban Landscape: An Assessment Method for Retro-FittingUrban Agriculture Into an Inner London Test Site. Dagenham, UK: MS Architecture, AdvancedEnvironment and Energy Studies.
[124] Towards a Sustainable America: Advancing Prosperity, Opportunity, and a HealthyEnvironment for the21st Century[R]. President’s Council on Sustainable Development,1999.http://clinton4. nara. gov/media/pdf/tsa. pdf.
[125] Urban Partners.(2007). Farming in Philadelphia: Feasibility Analysis and Next Steps.Philadelphia: Institute for Innovations in Local Farming. Retrieved from http://www.spinfarming. com/common/pdfs/STF_inst_for_innovations_dec07. pdf.
[126] USDA. Food Security in the United States: Measuring Household Food Security. Retrieved2008-02-23.
[127] Van Veenhuizen, Rene.(Ed.).(2006). Cities farming for the future: urbanagriculture for greenand productive cities. Ottowa: International Development Research Centre.
[128] Veenhuizen, R.(2006). Cities Farming for the Future: Urban Agriculture for Green andProductive Cities. Philippines: International Institute of Rural Reconstruction and ETC UrbanAgriculture.
[129] Verzone C.2011. What is Food Urbanism? Online: available at http://www. foodurbanism.org/what-is-food-urbanism/.
[130] Vitiello, D. and Nairn, M.(2009). Community Gardening in Philadelphia,2008Harvest Report.Philadelphia: Penn Planning and Urban Studies. University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved fromhttps://docs. google. com/viewer-?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxoYXJ2ZXN0cmVwb3J0c2l0ZXxneDozNGM4Mjk1NzUwOGE4OTBi.
[131] Vogel, G.(2008). Upending the traditional farm. Science:319.
[132] Wachter S., Scruggs, G., Voith, R., Huang, L.(2010). Redevelopment Authority of the City ofPhiladelphia: Land Use and Policy Study. Unpublished paper submitted to RedevelopmentAuthority, Philadelphia, PA.
[133] Weber T., Sloan A., Wolf J. Maryland’s Green Infrastructure Assessment: development of acomprehensive approach to land conservation[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2006,77:94-110.
[134] RUAF.What is urban agriculture? http://www. ruaf. org/node/512. Retrieved2011-10-10.
[135] Wickhama J., Riitters K., Wadea T., et al. A national assessment of green infrastructure andchange for the conterminous United States: using morphological image processing[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2010,94:186-195.
[136] World Health Organization.(2005). Electromagnetic fields&public health: Effects of EMF onthe Environment. Retrieved April5,2008from http://www. who.int/peh-emf/publications/facts/environimpact/en/November2007.
[137]北京市环境保护局.1994年北京市环境状况公报[R].2004-04-27. http://www. bjepb. gov.cn/bjhb/publish/portal0/tab375/info2610. htm.
[138]北美食物政策委员会网页North American Food Policy Council Webpage. http://www.foodsecurity. org/FPC/
[139]蔡建明,罗彬怡.从国际趋势看将都市农业纳入到城市规划中来[J].城市规划,2004(9):22-25.
[140]蔡言.按照现代化国际大都市的要求构造都市型农业[EB].北京农业信息网. http://www.agri. ac. cn/agri_net/02/2-08/link. htm
[141]查瑞传,穆光宗.我国―隐性失业‖现象透视[EB]. http://www. bjqx. org. cn/qxweb/n1340c65.aspx.
[142]陈永福.中国食物供给与预测[M].北京:中国农业出版社，2004.
[143]城市化粪池：埋在市民身边的"定时炸弹"[EB].2005年01月25日.来源：新华网重庆频道. http://news. xinhuanet. com/focus/2005-01/25/content_2500693. html.
[144]董慰,城市设计框架及其模型研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士论文,2009.
[145]付喜娥,吴人韦.绿色基础设施评价（GIA）方法介述——以马里兰州为例[J].中国园林,2009(9):41-45.
[146]国际金融报.《谁来养活中国》出台前后[N].2006-01-06. http://news. xinhuanet.com/stock/2006-01/06/content_4016422. htm.
[147]胡忆东,吴志华,熊伟,潘聪.城市建成区界定方法研究——以武汉市为例[J].城市规划,2008(4):88-96.
[148]环境保护部环境保护对外合作中心.老人的屋顶绿色菜园. http://vod. mepfeco. org.cn/viewpic. asp?id=3
[149]黄天其.耕殖居生态综合体——一种城郊可持续建筑模式探索.第七届中国城市住宅研讨会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008：125-129.
[150]贾宁,田明华,赵蔓卓,张琛麟.北京市屋顶绿化的发展与对策[J].中国城市林业,2008,(03).
[151]李爱民.基于遥感影像的城市建成区扩张与用地规模研究[D].信息工程大学博士学位论文,2009.
[152]李保峰.适应夏热冬冷地区气候的建筑表皮之可变化设计策略研究[D].清华大学博士论文,2004.
[153]李广志,刘笑明,李同.都市农业:西安市建设生态城市的新视角[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008(7):22-26.
[154]李开然.绿色基础设施：概念，理论及实践[J].中国园林,2009(10):89-90.
[155]李榕.城市屋顶花园推行迟滞问题的探讨和应对[D].上海:同济大学硕士论文,2007.
[156]李维炯，李季，许艇主编.农业生态工程基础[M].中国环境科学出版社,2004.
[157]联合国人居署.世界城市状况报告[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2008.
[158]刘斐,戴学来.都市农业的背景、特征及其发展[J].天津师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001(6):67-72.
[159]卢启程,都市农业与生态城市的协同关系研究[J].生态经济,138-141.
[160]吕家龙主编.蔬菜栽培学各论南方本[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[161]马杰,张洪波.大城市都市农业与城市可持续发展初探[J].四川建筑,2006(8):23-26.
[162]马世骏.中国的农业生态工程[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[163]麦肯锡全球研究院.迎接中国十亿城市大军[R].2008.3http://www. mckinsey.com/mgi/reports/pdfs/China_Urban_Billion/MGI_Preparing_China_Urban_Chinese. pdf
[164]么枕生.由土壤温度论微气候[J].气象学报.1950(11):69-78.
[165]苗健,生态建筑的革命——农作物覆盖下的城市住宅.中外建筑,2007(11):49-52.
[166]苗丽娜.都市农业:城市可持续发展的必然选择[J].小城镇建设,2003(10).
[167]南方周末.实拍北京：难以诉说的垃圾围城之痛[N].2010-01-0813:57. http://www. sciam.com. cn/html/nengyuanhuanjing/huanjing/2010/0108/8383_3. html.
[168]宁超乔,徐培玮,邢记明.都市农业的城市规划思考[J].城市发展研究,2006(2):69-84.
[169]全国城市规划执业制度管理委员会.科学发展观与城市规划（全国注册城市规划师继续教育必修课程教学指定用书）[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2007.
[170]全国城市规划执业制度管理委员会.城市规划管理与法规[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2011.
[171]石志高.城市绿地系统中G5绿地分类及其规划设计研究—基于咸阳市城市绿地系统规划
[D].西安建筑科技大学硕士论文,2010:14.
[172]数据来源：《2008年武汉市国民经济和社会发展统计公报》
[173]数据来源：《武汉城市总体规划（2009-2020）》
[174]数据来源：市园林局城市总体规划修编意见及反馈资料，2005年数据
[175]孙晖,梁江.美国的城乡规划法规体系[J].国外城市规划,2000(1):19-26.
[176]孙英兰.中国耕地质量现状调查:土壤基础地力不断下降[J].瞭望,2010-9-18. http://news.sina. com. cn/c/sd/2010-09-18/135021128677. shtml.
[177]谭天鹰.浅谈屋顶绿化在首都建设生态城市办绿色奥运中的重要作用[J].国土绿化,2006(3):24-25.
[178]田洁,刘晓虹,贾进,崔毅.都市农业与城市绿色空间的有机契合——城乡空间统筹的规划探索[J].城市规划,2006(10):32-36.
[179]汪文汉.武汉晨报.楼顶―菜园‖违章搭建将被拆.2007年5月15日. http://news. fdc. com.cn/tbxw/70701. htm.
[180]王兆骞主编.中国生态农业与农业可持续发展[M].北京：北京出版社,2001:11.
[181]维基百科.城市设计. http://zh. wikipedia. org/zh/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1.
[182]温家宝在十一届人大四次会议上所作政府工作报告. http://www. gov.cn/2011lh/content_1825233. htm.数据来源：《全国土地利用总体规划纲要（2006－2020年）》
[183]我国大都市地区耕地保护问题分析——以上海市为例(上) http://www. gx-info. gov.cn/zt/viewwenzhai. asp?id=1295.
[184]吴俊丽.海外都市农业对京郊都市农业的启示[J].北京农业职业学院学报,2002(1):21.
[185]吴人韦,付喜娥.绿色基础设施概念及其研究进展综述[J].国际城市规划,2009(5):67-71.
[186]夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准JGJ134－2001[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001:18.
[187]薛若晗,窦贻俭,高超,朱继业.生态城市建设中的生态农业对策——以南京为例[J].四川建筑,2004(1):25-27.
[188]颜京松.中国与西方国家的生态工程比较[J].农村生态环境学报,1994,10(1):45-52
[189]杨子江.建筑屋面节能技术[J].工业建筑,2005,(1):40-43.
[190]俞孔坚，韩毅，韩晓晔.将稻香溶入书声——沈阳建筑大学校园环境设计.中国园林[J],2005（05）:12-16.
[191]俞菊生.都市农业的理论与创新体系构筑[J].农业现代化研究,1999,20(4):207.
[192]张华如.现代都市农业公园规划建设有关问题探讨[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(36):11816–11817.
[193]张立生.略论大城市―都市型农业‖的发展与城市规划[J].城市规划汇刊,2001(3):68-70.
[194]张禄祥.发展都市农业促进生态城市建设[J].农业现代化研究,2003(3):50-52
[195]张庭伟.城市高速发展中的城市设计问题:关于城市设计原则的讨论[J].城市规划汇刊,2001(3):6-10.
[196]张庭伟.从―向权力讲授真理‖到―参与决策权力‖——当前美国规划理论界的一个动向：―联络性规划‖[J].城市规划,1999(6):33-36.
[197]张庭伟.从美国城市规划的变革看中国城市规划的改革[J].城市规划汇刊,1996(3):1-7.
[198]张庭伟.迈入新世纪:建设有中国特色的现代规划理论.城市规划,2000(1).
[199]张庭伟.中国规划走向世界——从物质规划到社会发展规划[J].城市规划汇刊,1997(1):5-9.
[200]张玉坤,孙艺冰.国外的―都市农业‖与中国城市生态节地策略[J].建筑学报,2011(4):95-98.
[201]周年兴,俞孔坚.农田与城市的自然融合[J].规划师,2003(3):53-85.
[202]周伟伟,王雁.北京市的屋顶绿化[J].中国城市林业,2006.4(2):35-37.
[203]网络资源
[204] http://guide. buylocalca. org/.
[205] http://thegreenpla. net/tag/growing-power/.
[206] http://www. planning. org/nationalcenters/health/foodprinciples. htm.
[207] www. fao. org.
[208] www. growingpower. org/.
[209] www. nyc. gov.
[210] www. ruaf. org.
[211] www. seattle. gov.
[212]世界卫生组织WHO网站http://www. who. int/trade/glossary/story028/en/.
[213]中国网. http://www. hnhm. com. cn/news/picnews/201003/158490. html.
[214]中华人民共和国统计局. http://www. stats. gov. cn/tjsj/qtsj/hjtjzl/hjtjsj2009/t20101203_402687817. htm. B
②Bookchin M.南方书局译.生态学与革命思潮[M].台北市:南方书局,1987:68-69,14.
①国际金融报.《谁来养活中国》出台前后[N].2006-01-06.http://news.xinhuanet.com/stock/2006-01/06/content_4016422.htm.
②北京市环境保护局.1994年北京市环境状况公报[R].2004-04-27.http://www.bjepb.gov.cn/bjhb/publish/portal0/tab375/info2610.htm.
③陈永福.中国食物供给与预测[M].北京:中国农业出版社，2004.
①我国大都市地区耕地保护问题分析——以上海市为例(上)http://www.gx-info.gov.cn/zt/viewwenzhai.asp?id=1295.
②2007年中国国土资源公报http://cn.chinagate.cn/reports/2008-04/17/content_14968295.htm.
③孙英兰.中国耕地质量现状调查:土壤基础地力不断下降[J].瞭望,2010-9-18http://news.sina.com.cn/c/sd/2010-09-18/135021128677.shtml.
④温家宝在十一届人大四次会议上所作政府工作报告. http://www.gov.cn/2011lh/content_1825233.htm.
①数据来源：《全国土地利用总体规划纲要（2006－2020年）》
②麦肯锡全球研究院.迎接中国十亿城市大军[R].2008.3
http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/reports/pdfs/China_Urban_Billion/MGI_Preparing_China_Urban_Chinese.pdf
③资料来源：《武汉城市总体规划（2009-2020）》
④―垃圾围城‖困扰中国城市化. http://www.cityup.org/topic/laji/ljwc/20110512/77472.shtml.写到：―北京现在住着3000万人口，仅生活垃圾就日产量近2万吨，而北京的垃圾日处理能力只有1万2700吨，大量的垃圾只好拉到郊区去填埋。北京周边，有近千座垃圾填埋场，整个北京城实际上是被垃圾填埋场包围着。目前近郊的几大填埋场在明年行将填满，大多数在五年之内填满。。‖
①资料来源：中华人民共和国统计局，http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/qtsj/hjtjzl/hjtjsj2009/t20101203_402687817.htm
②城市化粪池：埋在市民身边的"定时炸弹"[EB].2005年01月25日.来源：新华网重庆频道.http://news.xinhuanet.com/focus/2005-01/25/content_2500693.html.
①南方周末.实拍北京：难以诉说的垃圾围城之痛[N].2010-01-0813:57.http://www.sciam.com.cn/html/nengyuanhuanjing/huanjing/2010/0108/8383_3.html.
②联合国人居署.世界城市状况报告[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2008.
①因加拿大情况与美国类似，研究中也会偶尔涉及到加拿大的温哥华等城市情况。
①详见网页： http://www.epa.gov/brownfields/urbanag/resources.htm
②Bailkey M, Nasr J. From Brownfields to Greenfields: Producing Food in North American Cities.Community FoodSecurity News, Fall1999/Winter2000
③孔坚，韩毅，韩晓晔.将稻香溶入书声——沈阳建筑大学校园环境设计.中国园林[J],2005（05）:12-16.
①What is urban agriculture? http://www.ruaf.org/node/512. Urban agriculture can be defined shortly as the growing ofplants and the raising of animals within and around cities.
②详见以下四篇文献：
Gumbo DJ,Ndiripo TW.1996. Open space cultivation in Zimbabwe: case study of Greater Harare, Zimbabwe. AfricanUrban Qurban agriculturerterly11(2-3):210-216.
Maxwell D, Armar-Klemesu M.1998. Urban agriculture: introduction and review of literature. Accra: NoguchiMemorial Institute for Medical Research.
Mabiba B.1994. Institutional responses to uncontrolled urban cultivation in Harare: prohibitive or accommodative?Environment and Urbanization6(1):188-202.
Aldington T.1997. Urban and peri-urban agriculture: some thoughts on the issue. Land Reform, Land Settlement andCo-operatives2:43-44.
③―Urban agriculture is an activity located within the urban growth boundary which includes raising,processing anddistributing a variety of food and non-food products using resources, products and services found in and around thecity, and in turn supplying resources, products and services for local consumption. Urban agriculture encompasses awide range of food-related activities from education to production, collection to consumption and can includecommunity gardens, small farms, farm stands, farmers markets, and native plant nurseries.‖
①Ackerman K.2011.The Potential for Urban Agriculture in New York City. Urban Design Lab at the Earth InstituteColumbia University.
Online: available at http://www.urbandesignlab.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/urban_agriculture_nyc.pdf.
①[德]尼克·马克等著.蔡建明等译.增长的城市增长的食物[M].北京:商务印书馆,2005.
②Takawira Mubvami, Shingirayi Mushamba. Integration of Agriculture in Urban Land Use Planning. In: RenévanVeenhuizen(eds). Cities Farming for the Future: Urban Agriculture for Green and Productive Cities. RUAFFoundation International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, International Development Research Centre,2006.
①Quon S.1999. Planning for urban agriculture: a review of tools and strategies for urban planners. Cities FeedingPeople Report28. Ottawa: IDRC.
②Kansas City Center for Urban Agriculture.―Growing Good Food in Kansas City Neighborhoods: A guide to urbanagriculture codes in KCMO.‖Accessed on11/20/2010.
http://www.kccua.org/KCMO%20Urban%20Ag%20Codes%20Guide%20-%20booklet.pdf
③Seattle City Council.―Council News Release: Seattle City Council approves urban farm and community gardenlegislation improving access to locally grown food.‖8/16/2010.
http://www.seattle.gov/council/newsdetail.asp?ID=10996&Dept=28
④Rogers, AnMarie.―Memorandum on Draft Proposal for UrbanAgriculture Zoning Controls and Standards.‖SanFrancisco Planning Department.9/04/2010http://media.baycitizen.org/uploaded/documents/2010/8/proposed-new-laws-urban-farmers/draft%20proposal%208.04.10.pdf
①蔡建明,罗彬怡.从国际趋势看将都市农业纳入到城市规划中来[J].城市规划,2004(9):22-25.
①Nairn, M.&Vitiello, D.(2010). Lush Lots: Everyday Urban Agriculture from Community Gardening to CommunityFood Security. Harvard Design Magazine. Fall/Winter2009/10, Number31.
①见《增长的城市增长的食物——都市农业之政策议题》第一章―都市农业：定义、现状、潜力和风险‖
②What is urban agriculture? http://www.ruaf.org/node/512. Urban agriculture can be defined shortly as the growing ofplants and the raising of animals within and around cities.
③RUAF简介：全称―都市农业与食物安全资源中心（RUAF）‖，它由联合国粮农组织（FAO）、国际农业顾问团（CGIAR）、联合国开发计划署（UNDP）、世界卫生组织（WHO）和国际发展研究中心（IDRC）等国际组织于20世纪90年代初共同成立。RUAF在宣传和推广都市农业的理念，使其更好融纳入各地区的发展政策与规划之中取得了瞩目的成绩。它是国际合作的极为成功的例子，建立了都市农业与食物安全资源中心的有效的交流渠道与合作平台，在全球范围内推广都市农业理念，促进城乡健康、有序和持续发展，特别是为发展中国家提供政策性和技术性服务。
①2008年1月1日施行的《中华人民共和国城乡规划法》第二条规定：―制定和实施城乡规划，在规划区内进行建设活动，必须遵守本法。本法所称规划区，是指城市、镇和村庄的建成区以及因城乡建设和发展需要，必须实行规划控制的区域。”建成区和规划区是城乡规划法规体系中极为重要的两个概念。
②What is urban agriculture? http://www.ruaf.org/node/512
①李爱民.基于遥感影像的城市建成区扩张与用地规模研究[D].信息工程大学博士学位论文,2009.
②胡忆东,吴志华,熊伟,潘聪.城市建成区界定方法研究——以武汉市为例[J].城市规划,2008(4):88-96.
①全国城市规划执业制度管理委员会.科学发展观与城市规划（全国注册城市规划师继续教育必修课程教学指定用书）[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2007.
①吴俊丽.海外都市农业对京郊都市农业的启示[J].北京农业职业学院学报,2002(1):21.
②俞菊生.都市农业的理论与创新体系构筑[J].农业现代化研究,1999,20(4):207.
③蔡言.按照现代化国际大都市的要求构造都市型农业[EB].北京农业信息网.http://www.agri.ac.cn/agri_net/02/2-08/link.htm
①刘斐,戴学来.都市农业的背景、特征及其发展[J].天津师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001(6):67-72.
①《增长的城市、增长的食物》P92-108
②Rome Declaration on Word Food Security and Word Food Summit Plan ofAction,Word Food Summit,Rome,13~17November,1996.―when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy andactive life‖
③Food availability: sufficient quantities of food available on a consistent basis;②Food access: having sufficientresources to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet;③Food use: appropriate use based on knowledge of basicnutrition and care, as well as adequate water and sanitation.资料来源：世界卫生组织WHO网站http://www.who.int/trade/glossary/story028/en/
④USDA. Food Security in the United States: Measuring Household Food Security. Retrieved2008-02-23.
⑤Satin M. FoodAlert: The Ultimate Sourcebook for Food Safety. Facts on File Inc.,2008(9),2nd ed.
⑥《增长的城市增长的食物》P92-108
①Renévan Veenhuizen. Cities Farming for the Future: Urban Agriculture for Green and Productive Cities. RUAFFoundation International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, International Development Research Centre,2006, P11.
②见《增长的城市增长的食物》P51
①Smit J, Nasr J.1992. Urban agriculture for sustainable cities: using wastes and idle land and water bodies asresources. Environment and Urbanization42:141–152.
①张立生.略论大城市―都市型农业‖的发展与城市规划[J].城市规划汇刊,2001(3):68-70.
②周年兴,俞孔坚.农田与城市的自然融合[J].规划师,2003(3):53-85.
③蔡建明,罗彬怡.从国际趋势看将都市农业纳入到城市规划中来[J].城市规划,2004(9):22-25.
④宁超乔,徐培玮,邢记明.都市农业的城市规划思考[J].城市发展研究,2006(2):69-84.
⑤马杰,张洪波.大城市都市农业与城市可持续发展初探[J].四川建筑,2006(8):23-26.
⑥张禄祥.发展都市农业促进生态城市建设[J].农业现代化研究,2003(3):50-52
⑦苗丽娜.都市农业:城市可持续发展的必然选择[J].小城镇建设,2003(10).
①卢启程,都市农业与生态城市的协同关系研究[J].生态经济,138-141.
②田洁,刘晓虹,贾进,崔毅.都市农业与城市绿色空间的有机契合——城乡空间统筹的规划探索[J].城市规划,2006(10):32-36.
③李广志,刘笑明,李同.都市农业:西安市建设生态城市的新视角[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008(7):22-26.
④薛若晗,窦贻俭,高超,朱继业.生态城市建设中的生态农业对策——以南京为例[J].四川建筑,2004(1):25-27.
①周年兴,俞孔坚.农田与城市的自然融合[J].规划师,2003(3).
②张华如.现代都市农业公园规划建设有关问题探讨[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(36):11816–11817.
③苗健,生态建筑的革命——农作物覆盖下的城市住宅.中外建筑,2007(11):49-52.
④张玉坤,孙艺冰.国外的―都市农业‖与中国城市生态节地策略[J].建筑学报,2011(4):95-98.
①李榕.城市屋顶花园推行迟滞问题的探讨和应对[D].上海:同济大学硕士论文,2007.
②资料来源：环境保护部环境保护对外合作中心.老人的屋顶绿色菜园.http://vod.mepfeco.org.cn/viewpic.asp?id=3中国网. http://www.hnhm.com.cn/news/picnews/201003/158490.html汪文汉.武汉晨报.楼顶―菜园‖违章搭建将被拆.2007年5月15日. http://news.fdc.com.cn/tbxw/70701.htm.
①杨子江.建筑屋面节能技术[J].工业建筑,2005,(1):40-43.
②李保峰.适应夏热冬冷地区气候的建筑表皮之可变化设计策略研究[D].清华大学博士论文,2004.
③JGJ134－2001夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001:18.
④吕家龙(主编).蔬菜栽培学各论南方本.第3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
⑤么枕生.由土壤温度论微气候[J].气象学报.1950(11):69-78.
①Pirog R, Pelt T.2002. How Far Do Your Fruit and Vegetables Travel? Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture.Online: available at www.leopold.iastate.edu/pubs/staff/ppp/food_chart0402.pdf.
①Stephenson, Garry.2008. Farmers' Markets: Success, Failure, and Management Ecology. Amherst, NY: CambriaPress.
②APA.2007.Policy Guide on Community and Regional Food Planning[R/OL]. Chicago: American PlanningAssociation. Online: available athttp://www.planning.org/policy/guides/adopted/food.htm.
③Ericksen P J.2008. Conceptualizing food systems for global environmental change research[J]. GlobalEnvironmental Change,2:234-245.
④Friedman, H.1999. Circles of Growing and Eating: The Political Ecology of Food and Agriculture. In: Crew R, eds.In Food In Global History[M]. Boulder CO: Westview,33-57.
⑤Hinrichs C, Lyson T A,eds.2007. Remaking the North American Food System: Strategies for Sustainability. Lincoln:University of Nebraska Press.
①USDA Economic Research Service (2009). Food CPI, Prices and Expenditures: Food Expenditures by Families andIndividuals as a Share of Disposable Personal Income.
②USDAEconomic Research Service (2009). Loss-Adjusted Food Availability. Data Sets.
③Lapping, Mark,2004.―Toward the Recovery of the Local in the Globalizing Food System: the Role of AlternativeAgricultural and Food Models in the US‖Ethics, Place and Environment, Vol.7, No.3,141–150, October.
④Heller M C, Keoleian G A.2000. Life Cycle-Based Sustainability Indicators for Assessment of the U.S. Food System(Report No. CSS00-04)[R/OL]. University of Michigan, Center for sustainable systems.
①详见网页： http://guide.buylocalca.org/
②Hinrichs C, Lyson T A,eds.2007. Remaking the North American Food System: Strategies for Sustainability. Lincoln:University of Nebraska Press.
①Born B, Purcell M.2006. Avoiding the Local Trap: Scale and Food Systems in Planning Research[J]. Journal ofPlanning Education and Research,26:195-207.
②Martinez S, et al.2010. Local Food Systems: Concepts, Impacts, and Issues, ERR97[R/OL]. U.S. Department ofAgriculture, Economic Research Service.
①详见网页：http://www.planning.org/nationalcenters/health/foodprinciples.htm
①Socio-demographics: Characteristics of a person or group of persons. Here, demographics are innate characteristicslike age, race, and gender while social characteristics are ones acquired in society, such as education, income, andmarital status.
②Hodgson K, Campbell M C, Bailkey M.2011.Urban Agriculture: Growing Healthy, Sustainable Places (PAS563)[M]. Chicago: American Planning Association.
①Brown, K. H. and Carter, A.(2003). Urban agriculture&community food Security in the U.S: Farming from the citycenter to the urban fringe. Primer prepared by Community Food Security Coalition’s North American UrbanAgriculture Committee. Retrieved February10,2008from http://www.foodsecurity.org/PrimerCFSCUAC.pdf.
①http://www.hantzfarmsdetroit.com
②Can Farming Save Detroit? http://kcfresh.wordpress.com January20,2010by jeromeu
①P-Patch community gardens-Growing Communities. http://www.seattle.gov/neighborhoods/ppatch/
②American Community Garden Association (2011). What is a community garden?http://www.communitygarden.org/learn/.
①Michael Ableman是农夫、作家、摄影师，都市农业中心以及他工作着的Foxglove农场艺术、生态和农业中心的创建者。他是《来自好土地》（Abrams，1993），《脚踏美好之地》（Chronicle Books2005）的作者和摄影师，以及the subject of the award winning PBS film 《超越有机》narrated by Meryl Streep.
①www.growingpower.org/
②图片来源：http://thegreenpla.net/tag/growing-power/
③http://www.cityfarm.info
①SDOT CAM2305. Gardening in Planting Strips. http://www.seattle.gov/transportantion/cams/cam2305.pdf
①Hoerr Schaudt LandscapeArchitects, Chicago USA. Rooftop Haven for Urban Agriculture.http://www.asla.org/2010awards/377.html
①来源：The Miller Hull Partnership. Bumper Crop. http://2008honorawards.aiaseattle.org/node/61
②McClintock N, Cooper J.2009. Cultivating the Commons: An Assessment of the Potential for Urban Agriculture onOakland’s Public Land. Berkeley University of California. P:25.
③Tomkins, M.(2006). The Edible Urban Landscape: An Assessment Method for Retro-Fitting Urban Agriculture Intoan Inner London Test Site. Dagenham, UK: MS Architecture, Advanced Environment and Energy Studies.
④Horst.2008. Growing Green:An Inventory of Public Lands Suitable for Community Gardening in Seattle,Washington. Seattle:University of Washington, College of Architecture and Urban Planning.
①Holland Barrs Planning Group, Lees+Associates Sustainability Ventures Group. Southeast False Creek UrbanAgriculture Strategy.2002.
①Planning a healthy, sustainable food system. Planning and Community Health Research Center, APA.网络资源：http://www.planning.org/nationalcenters/health/pdf/apapchfoodsystemplanning.pdf
①Benedict M., McMahon E. Green infrastructure: linking landscapes and communities[M]. Washington CoveloLondon: Island Press,2006.
②Wickhama J., Riitters K., Wadea T., et al. A national assessment of green infrastructure and change for theconterminous United States: using morphological image processing[J].Landscape and UrbanPlanning,2010,94:186-195.
①Rottle N., Maryman B. Envisioning Seattle’s Green Future: Visions and Strategies from The Green FuturesCharrette[R/OL]. Seattle: Open Space Seattle2100.[2006].http://depts.washington.edu/open2100/book/book.complete.pdf.
①ASLA.2007.http://www.asla.org/awards/2007/07winners/439_gftuw.html.
①李开然.绿色基础设施：概念，理论及实践[J].中国园林,2009(10):89-90.
②付喜娥,吴人韦.绿色基础设施评价（GIA）方法介述——以马里兰州为例[J].中国园林,2009(9):41-45.
③Weber T., Sloan A., Wolf J. Maryland’s Green Infrastructure Assessment: development of a comprehensive approachto land conservation[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2006,77:94-110.
①Weber T., Sloan A., Wolf J. Maryland’s Green Infrastructure Assessment: development of a comprehensive approachto land conservation[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2006,77:94-110.
①维基百科.城市设计. http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1.
②张庭伟.城市高速发展中的城市设计问题:关于城市设计原则的讨论[J].城市规划汇刊,2001(3):6-10.
③董慰,城市设计框架及其模型研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士论文,2009.
④在本文，但凡涉及到Urbanism，均翻译为―城市主义‖，如New Urbanism，Landscape Urbanism，sustainableurbanism等翻译为：新城市主义，景观城市主义，可持续城市主义。
⑤Alter, L.2010. New Urbanism Evolves: The Future is "Agrarian Urbanism".
Online: available at http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/05/new-urbanism-evolves-future-is-agrarian-urbanism.php.
①Salle J, Holland M, eds.2010. Agricultural Urbanism: Handbook for Building Sustainable Food Systems in21stCentury Cities. CA: Green Frigate Books.
②Duany Plater-Zyberk&Company,2009. Agricultural Urbanism. Online: available at www.lindroth.cc/pdf/QuickReadAgf.pdf.
①Salle J, Holland M, eds.2010. Agricultural Urbanism: Handbook for Building Sustainable Food Systems in21stCentury Cities. CA: Green Frigate Books.
①James Petts. Edible Buildings-benefits, challenges and limitations. www.sustainweb.org/pdf/edible_buildngs.pdf
②Herbicides D, The Vertical Farm: Feeding the World in the21st Centry.2009
①北美食物政策委员会网页North American Food Policy Council Webpage. http://www.foodsecurity.org/FPC/
①8.Harper A, Shattuck A, Holt-Giménez E et al.2009.food policy councils: lessons learned. Food First and theCommunity Food Security Coalition. Online: available at http://www.foodsecurity.org/pubs.html#fpc
①Zoning译法各异。张庭伟将其译为《区域法》，孙晖、梁江将其译为《分区规划》。
②孙晖,梁江.美国的城乡规划法规体系[J].国外城市规划,2000(1):19-26.
③张庭伟.从美国城市规划的变革看中国城市规划的改革[J].城市规划汇刊,1996(3):1-7.
①Seattle Comprehensive Plan, Urban VillageAppendix B.
②City of New York,2011. PlaNYC Update: AGreener, Greater New York. The Mayor’s Office of Long-Term Planningand Sustainability.
①Kansas City Center for Urban Agriculture.―Growing Good Food in Kansas City Neighborhoods: A guide to urbanagriculture codes in KCMO.‖Accessed on1/82011http://www.kccua.org/KCMO%20Urban%20Ag%20Codes%20Guide%20-%20booklet.pdf
②Seattle City Council.―Council News Release: Seattle City Council approves urban farm and community gardenlegislation improving access to locally grown food.‖8/1/2011. http://www.seattle.gov/council/newsdetail.asp?ID=10996&Dept=28
①张庭伟.中国规划走向世界——从物质规划到社会发展规划[J].城市规划汇刊,1997(1):5-9.
①植物生长所需要的光、热和CO2资源，以及动物所需的O2资源因为随时随地存在，在此不做讨论。
②贾宁,田明华,赵蔓卓,张琛麟.北京市屋顶绿化的发展与对策[J].中国城市林业,2008,(03).
③周伟伟,王雁.北京市的屋顶绿化[J].中国城市林业,2006.4(2):35-37.
④谭天鹰.浅谈屋顶绿化在首都建设生态城市办绿色奥运中的重要作用[J].国土绿化,2006(3):24-25.
⑤数据来源：《2008年武汉市国民经济和社会发展统计公报》
①Pablo Torres Lima. Mexico City: the integration of urban agriculture to contain urban sprawl. Growing cities,Growing F ood, p363-390,print:Proff Offsetdruck,D-82547Eurasburg, April2000
②Petra K reinecker. La Paz: urban agriculture in harsh ecological conditions. Growing cities, Growing Food, p400-404, print: Proff Offsetdruck,D-82547Eurasburg, April2000.
①Luc J. A.Mougeout. Urban Agriculture: Concept and Definition. Urban agriculture Magazine,2000(1)
②Gonzalez novo&Catherine Murphy. Urban agriculture in the city of Havana: a popular response to a crisis.Growing cities, Growing Food,p329-347, print: Proff Offsetdruck, D-82547Eurasburg, April,2000
③María Caridad Cruz, Roberto Sánchez Medina. AGRICULTURE IN THE CITY. A Key to Sustainability in Havana,Cuba. Ian Randle Publishers Kingston. International Development Research Centre2003
Ottawa Cairo Dakar Montevideo Nairobi New Delhi Singapore
④图片来源：Cuba's organic revolution. May12,2008.
http://kingmaker65.wordpress.com/2008/05/12/cuba%E2%80%99s-organic-revolution/
①马世骏.中国的农业生态工程[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
②李维炯，李季，许艇主编.农业生态工程基础[M].中国环境科学出版社,2004.
③王兆骞主编.中国生态农业与农业可持续发展[M].北京：北京出版社,2001:11.
①颜京松.中国与西方国家的生态工程比较[J].农村生态环境学报,1994,10(1):45-52
①李维炯，李季，许艇主编.农业生态工程基础[M].中国环境科学出版社.2004.
①黄天其.耕殖居生态综合体——一种城郊可持续建筑模式探索.第七届中国城市住宅研讨会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008：125-129.
①蔡建明,罗彬怡.从国际趋势看将都市农业纳入到城市规划中来[J].城市规划,2004(9):22-25.
①张庭伟.从―向权力讲授真理‖到―参与决策权力‖——当前美国规划理论界的一个动向：―联络性规划‖[J].城市规划,1999(6):33-36.
①《园林术语标准》：城市绿地系统是由城市中各种类型和规模的绿化用地组成的整体。23
《中国大百科全书（建筑、园林、城市规划分册）》中的定义:城市绿地系统是城市中由各种类型、各种规模的园林绿地组成的生态系统，用以改善城市环境，为城市居民提供游憩境域。
《城市规划基本术语标准》:城市中各种类型和规模的绿化用地组成的整体。并在条文说明中进一步指出，城市绿地系统的发布方式，需要均匀布置，结合城市的自然地形，以―点、线、面‖结合的形式进行连接，形成整体。‖
①蔡建明,罗彬怡.从国际趋势看将都市农业纳入到城市规划中来[J].城市规划,2003(9):22-25.
①全国城市规划执业制度管理委员会.城市规划管理与法规[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2011.
①全国城市规划执业制度管理委员会.城市规划管理与法规[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2011.
①在古巴的城市物质规划中，都市农业隶属于绿色系统下面的―农业生产子系统‖。
①石志高.城市绿地系统中G5绿地分类及其规划设计研究—基于咸阳市城市绿地系统规划[D].西安建筑科技大学硕士论文,2010:14.
②《城市绿地分类标准》CJJ/T85-2002
①Alter, L.(2010). New Urbanism Evolves: The Future is "Agrarian Urbanism". Online: available athttp://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/05/new-urbanism-evolves-future-is-agrarian-urbanism.php
①Towards a Sustainable America:Advancing Prosperity, Opportunity, and a Healthy Environment for the21stCentury[R]. President’s Council on Sustainable Development,1999. http://clinton4.nara.gov/media/pdf/tsa.pdf.
①[英]埃比尼泽霍华德.金经元译.明日的田园城市[M].北京:商务印书馆,2010:9.
[1][德]尼克·马克等著.蔡建明等译.增长的城市增长的食物[M].北京:商务印书馆,2005.
[2][美]梅林卜泉（Bookchin M）.南方书局译.生态学与革命思潮.台北市:南方书局,1987:68-69,14. Born B, Purcell M.2006. Avoiding the Local Trap: Scale and Food Systems inPlanning Research[J]. Journal of Planning Education and Research,26:195-207.
[3][英]埃比尼泽霍华德.金经元译.明日的田园城市[M].北京:商务印书馆,2010:9.
[4][英]舒马赫(E. F. Schumacher)著.虞鸿钧,郑关林译.小的是美好的.北京:商务印书馆,1984.
[5]《2006年中国统计年鉴》
[6]《北京市土地利用总体规划（2006-2020）》
[7]《城市绿地分类标准》CJJ/T85-2002
[8]《武汉城市总体规划（2009-2020）》
[9]《武汉市土地利用总体规划（2006-2020年）》
[10]2007年中国国土资源公报http://cn. chinagate. cn/reports/2008-04/17/content_14968295.htm.
[11] Ackerman K.2011. The Potential for Urban Agriculture in New York City. Urban Design Labat the Earth Institute Columbia University. Online: available at http://www. urbandesignlab.columbia. edu/sitefiles/file/urban_agriculture_nyc. pdf.
[12] Ackerman K.2011. The Potential for Urban Agriculture in New York City. Urban Design Labat the Earth Institute Columbia University. Online: available at http://www. urbandesignlab.columbia. edu/sitefiles/file/urban_agriculture_nyc. pdf.
[13] Ackerman K.2011. The Potential for Urban Agriculture in New York City. Urban Design Labat the Earth Institute Columbia University.
[14] Acting food policy council: Seattle and King County.(2008). Retrieved January20,2008fromhttp://king. wsu. edu/foodandfarms/foodpolicycouncil. htm
[15] Aldington T.1997. Urban and peri-urban agriculture: some thoughts on the issue. Land Reform,Land Settlement and Co-operatives2:43-44.
[16] Alter L.2010. New Urbanism Evolves: The Future is "Agrarian Urbanism". Online: availableat http://www. treehugger. com/files/2010/05/new-urbanism-evolves-future-is-agrarian-urbanism. php.
[17] American Community Garden Association (2011). What is a community garden?
[18] American Institute of Architecture.(2008). From farm to market, down the stairs, around theblock. Mortice, Z. Retrieved on May15,2008from http://www. aia.org/aiarchitect/thisweek07/1026/1026d_mithun. cfm
[19] APA et al.2010. Principles of a Healthy, Sustainable Food System. Online: available at http://www. ci. knoxville. tn. us/boards/food/foodsystems. pdf.
[20] APA.2007. Policy Guide on Community and Regional Food Planning. Chicago: AmericanPlanning Association. Online: available at http://www. planning. org/policy/guides/adopted/food. htm.
[21] APA's Commitment. http://www. planning. org/nationalcenters/health/food. htm
[22] ASLA.2007. http://www. asla. org/awards/2007/07winners/439_gftuw. html.
[23] Bailkey M, Nasr J. From Brownfields to Greenfields: Producing Food in North American Cities.Community Food Security News, Fall1999/Winter2000
[24] Bakker, Nico; Dubbeling, Marielle; Guendel, Sabine; Sabel-Koschella, Ulrich; Zeeuw, Henk de(eds). Growing Cities, Growing Food: urban agriculture on the policy agenda,2006.
[25] Balmer, K, Gill, J., Kaplinger, H., Miller, J., Peterson, M., Rhoads, A., Rosenbloom, P&Wall,T.(2005). The diggable city: Making urban agriculture a planning priority. Portland StateUniversity.
[26] Balmer, K., et al.(2005). The Diggable City: Making Urban Agriculture a Planning Priority.PowerPoint presentation prepared for The City of Portland, OR. Retrieved from http://www.portlandonline. com/bps/index. cfm?a=122587&c=42793.
[27] Benedict M., McMahon E. Green infrastructure: linking landscapes and communities[M].Washington Covelo London: Island Press,2006.
[28] Brown, K. H. and Carter, A.(2003). Urban agriculture&community food Security in the U. S:Farming from the city center to the urban fringe. Primer prepared by Community Food SecurityCoalition’s North American Urban Agriculture Committee. Retrieved February10,2008fromhttp://www. foodsecurity. org/PrimerCFSCUAC. pdf.
[29] Can Farming Save Detroit? http://kcfresh. wordpress. com January20,2010by jeromeu
[30] Carton Campbell M,2004. Building a Common Table[J]. Journal of Planning Education andResearch23:341-355.
[31] Cheema, G. S., Smit, J., Ratta, A.,&Nasr, J.(1996). Urban agriculture: food, jobs andsustainable cities. United Nations Development Programme. New York, N. Y.
[32] City of New York,2011. PlaNYC Update: A Greener, Greater New York. The Mayor’s Officeof Long-Term Planning and Sustainability.
[33] Clancy K,2004. Potential Contributions of Planning to Community Food Systems[J]. Journalof Planning Education and Research23:435-438.
[34] Condon P. Design charrettes for sustainable communities[M]. Washington Covelo London:Island press,2007.
[35] Cook R, Morgan D, Radenovic H, Renzi S.2007. Food System Enhancement Project[R/OL].Seattle: Program on the Environment Certificate in Environmental Management KeystoneProject,2006-2007.
[36] Cuba's organic revolution. May12,2008.
[37] Deelstra, T., Boyd, D., Biggelaar, M.(2001, July). Multifunctional Land Use: An Opportunityfor Promoting Urban Agriculture in Europe. UA Magazine. No.1,33-35. Retrieved from http://www. ruaf. org/node/183.
[38] Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Washington, the Open Space Seattle2100Coalition. Open Space Seattle2100Envisioning Seattle's Green Infrastructure for the NextCentury[EB/OL].[2007]. http://www. asla. org/awards/2007/07winners/439_gftuw. html.
[39] Department of Neighborhoods of the City of Seattle.(2008a). The history of the P-Patchprogram. Retrieved April1,2008from http://www. seattle. gov/neighborhoods/ppatch/history.htm.
[40] Department of Neighborhoods of the City of Seattle.(2008b). P-Patch community gardens.Retrieved February11,2008from http://www. seattle. gov/neighborhoods/ppatch/.
[41] Department of Planning and Development of the City of Seattle.(2007). Seattle’scomprehensive plan: Towards a sustainable Seattle. Retrieved April5,2008from http://www.seattle. gov/DPD/static/Complete%20Plan2007_LatestReleased_DP DP_021122. pdf.
[42] Duany Plater-Zyberk&Company,2009. Agricultural Urbanism. Online: available at www.lindroth. cc/pdf/QuickReadAgf. pdf.
[43] DVRPC.2010. GREATER PHILADELPHIA food system research[R/OL]. Philadelphia:Delaware Valley regional planning mission.
[44] Ericksen P J.2008. Conceptualizing food systems for global environmental change research.Global Environmental Change,2:234-245.
[45] Food systems sustainability and security resolution. City of Seattle Resolution#31019version5.
[46] Friedman, H.1999. Circles of Growing and Eating: The Political Ecology of Food andAgriculture. In: Crew R, eds. In Food In Global History[M]. Boulder CO: Westview,33-57.
[47] Garrett S, Naas J, Watterson C, Henze T, Keithly S, Radke-Sproull S.2006. Sound Food Report:Enhancing Seattle’s Food System[R/OL]. Online: available at http://faculty. washington.edu/bborn/PoENeighborhoodReport. pdf
[48] Gittleman, M., Librizzi, L., Stone, E.(2010). Community Garden Survey: New York CityResults2009/2010. New York: Compton Foundation.
[49] Gonzalez novo&Catherine Murphy. Urban agriculture in the city of Havana: a popularresponse to a crisis. Growing cities, Growing Food, p329-347, print: Proff Offsetdruck, D-82547Eurasburg, April,2000
[50] Gruen, D.(2007). Urban farming in Seattle: Opportunities and Issues. A report to the City ofSeattle Department of Neighborhoods P-Patch Program and Department of planning andDevelopment.
[51] Gumbo DJ, Ndiripo TW.1996. Open space cultivation in Zimbabwe: case study of GreaterHarare, Zimbabwe. African Urban Qurban agriculturerterly11(2-3):210-216.
[52] H. DE ZEEUW, R. VAN VEENHUIZEN AND M. DUBBELING.2011. FORESIGHTPROJECT ON GLOBAL FOOD AND FARMING FUTURES: The role of urban agriculture inbuilding resilient cities in developing countries. Journal of Agricultural Science,1-11.
[53] Harper A, Shattuck A, Holt-Giménez E et al.2009. food policy councils: lessons learned. FoodFirst and the Community Food Security Coalition. Online: available at http://www.foodsecurity. org/pubs. html#fpc.
[54] Heimlich, R.(1989). Metropolitan agriculture: Farming in the city’s shadow. Journal of theAmerican Planning Association55:457-466.
[55] Heller M C, Keoleian G A.2000. Life Cycle-Based Sustainability Indicators for Assessment ofthe U. S. Food System (Report No. CSS00-04)[R/OL]. University of Michigan, Center forsustainable systems.
[56] Herbach, G.(1998). Harvesting the city: Community gardening in greater Madison, Wisconsin.Madison Food System Project Working Paper Series MFSP-1998-01for the Madison FoodSystem Project. Retrieved May5,2008from http://www. cityfarmer. org/madison. html
[57] Herbicides D, The Vertical Farm: Feeding the World in the21stCentry.2009
[58] Hinrichs C, Lyson T A, eds.2007. Remaking the North American Food System: Strategies forSustainability. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
[59] Hodgson K, Campbell M C, Bailkey M.2011. Urban Agriculture: Growing Healthy,Sustainable Places (PAS563)[M]. Chicago: American Planning Association.
[60] Hoerr Schaudt Landscape Architects, Chicago USA. Rooftop Haven for Urban Agriculture.
[61] Holland Barrs Planning Group, Lees+Associates Sustainability Ventures Group. SoutheastFalse Creek Urban Agriculture Strategy.2002.
[62] Horst.2008. Growing Green: An Inventory of Public Lands Suitable for Community Gardeningin Seattle, Washington. Seattle: University of Washington, College of Architecture and UrbanPlanning.
[63] Hou J, Johnson J, Lawson L.2009. Greening Cities, Growing Communities: Learning fromSeattle's Urban Community Gardens.
[64] James Petts. Edible Buildings-benefits, challenges and limitations. www. sustainweb.org/pdf/edible_buildngs. pdf
[65] Kansas City Center for Urban Agriculture.―Growing Good Food in Kansas CityNeighborhoods: A guide to urban agriculture codes in KCMO.‖Accessed on11/20/2010. http://www. kccua. org/KCMO%20Urban%20Ag%20Codes%20Guide%20-%20booklet. pdf
[66] Kaufman, J., Bailkey, M.(2000). Farming inside cities: Entrepreneurial urban agriculture in theUnited States. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. Retrieved April5,2008from http://queencityfarm. org/FarmingInsideCities. pdf.
[67] Keathler, T. M.(2006). Growing space: The potential for urban agriculture in the city ofVancouver. School of Community and Regional Planning, British Columbia.
[68] Koc M, Dahlberg K.1999. The restructuring of food systems: Trends, research, and policyissues[J]. Agriculture and Human Values,16:109–116.
[69] Krista Leahy. Brooklyn Grange: World’s Largest Rooftop Farm Kicks Off Second GrowingSeason.
[70] Langston, J.(2008). Urban farming sprouts in Seattle. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. June2,2008.
[71] Lapping, Mark,2004.―Toward the Recovery of the Local in the Globalizing Food System: theRole of Alternative Agricultural and Food Models in the US‖Ethics, Place and Environment,Vol.7, No.3,141–150, October.
[72] Lazarus, C.(2000). Urban agriculture: A revolutionary model for economic development. NewVillage:2.
[73] Leahy K.2011. Brooklyn Grange: World’s Largest Rooftop Farm Kicks Off Second GrowingSeason. Online: available at http://inhabitat. com/nyc/brooklyn-grange-worlds-largest-rooftop-farm-kicks-off-second-growing-season.
[74] Lesher C. W. Jr.2009. Urban Agriculture: A Literature Review; Urban Agriculture: DifferingPhenomena in Differing Regions of the World. Beltsville, Maryland: Alternative FarmingSystems Information Center, National Agricultural Library.
[75] Lynn Peemoeller.2010. QuickNotes: Food Systems Planning. American PlanningAssociation[R/OL]. Available at: http://www. planning. org/pas/quicknotes/pdf/QN24. pdf.
[76] Mabiba B.1994. Institutional responses to uncontrolled urban cultivation in Harare: prohibitiveor accommodative? Environment and Urbanization6(1):188-202.
[77] María Caridad Cruz, Roberto Sánchez Medina. AGRICULTURE IN THE CITY. A Key toSustainability in Havana, Cuba. Ian Randle Publishers Kingston. International DevelopmentResearch Centre2003
[78] Martinez S, et al.2010. Local Food Systems: Concepts, Impacts, and Issues, ERR97[R/OL]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
[79] Matteson, K. C.&Langellotto, G. A.(2009). Bumble Bee Abundance in New York CityCommunity Gardens: Implications for Urban Agriculture. Cities and the Environment.2(1):article5,12pp.
[80] Maxwell D, Armar-Klemesu M.1998. Urban agriculture: introduction and review of literature.Accra: Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research.
[81] McClintock N, Cooper J.2009. Cultivating the Commons: An Assessment of the Potential forUrban Agriculture on Oakland’s Public Land. Berkeley University of California. P:25.
[82] Meadow A M,2009. Evaluation and designing urban food system: the role of local initiatives.Dissertation. Fairbanks: The university of Alaska Fairbanks.
[83] Morales A, Kettles G.2009. Zoning for Public Markets and Street Vendors. Zoning Practice,2:1-8. Online: available at http://www. planning. org/zoningpractice/2009/pdf/feb. pdf.
[84] Mougeot LJ A.2005. Agropolis: the social, political and environmental dimensions of urbanagriculture. London: Earthscan,2005
[85] Mougeot, L. J. A.(2006). Growing better cities: Urban agriculture for sustainable development.Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.
[86] Mougeout L J. Urban Agriculture: Concept and Definition. Urban agriculture Magazine,2000(1).
[87] Mukherji N, Morales A.2010. Zoning for Urban Agriculture, Zoning Practice,3:1-8. Online:available at http://www. planning. org/zoningpractice/2010/pdf/mar. pdf.
[88] Mullinix K, Henderson D, Holland M, Salle J, Porter E, Fleming P.2008. AgriculturalUrbanism and Municipal Supported Agriculture: A New Food System Path for SustainableCities. White Paper Submitted for the Surrey Regional Econommic Summit8/30/2008. Online:available at http://www. cityfarmer. org/agricultural_urbanism. pdf.
[89] Nairn, M.&Vitiello, D.(2010). Lush Lots: Everyday Urban Agriculture from CommunityGardening to Community Food Security. Harvard Design Magazine. Fall/Winter2009/10,Number31.
[90] New York City Council.(2010). Food Works: A Vision to Improve NYC’s Food System.Retrieved from http://council. nyc. gov/html/food/fi les/foodworks_fullreport_11_22_10. pdf.
[91] Office of Manhattan Borough President Scott M. Stringer.(2009). Food in the Public Interest:How New York City’s Food Policy Holds the Key to Hunger, Health, Jobs, and theEnvironment. Retrieved from http://www. citylimits. org/images_pdfs/pdfs/StringerFood. pdf.
[92] Office of Manhattan Borough President Scott M. Stringer.(2010). Food NYC: A Blueprint for aSustainable Food System. Retrieved from http://www. mbpo. org/release_details. asp?id=1496.
[93] Office of the Manhattan Borough President Scott Stringer.(2011). Red Tape, Green Vegetables:A Plan to Improve New York City’s Regulations for Community-Based Farmers Markets.Retrieved from http://www. libertycontrol. net/uploads/mbpo/RTGVReport. pdf.
[94] Pablo Torres Lima. Mexico City: the integration of urban agriculture to contain urban sprawl.Growing cities, Growing F ood, p363-390, print: Proff Offsetdruck, D-82547Eurasburg,April2000
[95] Peters, C. J., Bills, N. L., Lembo, A. J., Wilkins, J. L., Fick, G. W.(2008, October). MappingPotential Foodsheds in New York State: A Spatial Model for Evaluating the Capacity toLocalize Food Production. Ames, Iowa: Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture.Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems:24(1);72–84.
[96] Petra K reinecker. La Paz: urban agriculture in harsh ecological conditions. Growing cities,Growing Food, p400-404, print: Proff Offsetdruck, D-82547Eurasburg, April2000.
[97] Pirog R, Pelt T.2002. How Far Do Your Fruit and Vegetables Travel? Leopold Center forSustainable Agriculture. Online: available at www. leopold. iastate. edu/pubs/staff/ppp/food_chart0402. pdf.
[98] Planning&Community Health Research Center Homepage. http://www. planning.org/nationalcenters/health/
[99] Planning a healthy, sustainable food system. Planning and Community Health Research Center,APA. Available at http://www. planning. org/nationalcenters/health/pdf/apapchfoodsystemplanning. pdf
[100] Pothukuchi K, Kaufman J.1999. Placing the food system on the urban agenda: The role ofmunicipal institutions in food systems planning[J]. Agriculture and Human Values,16:213-224.
[101] Pothukuchi K, Kaufman J.2000. The Food System: A Stranger to the Planning Field[J]. Journalof the American Planning Association,66:113-124.
[102] P-Patch Community Gardening Program Staff and Volunteers.2008. A community gardenleadership handbook. Seattle: department of neighborhood. Online: available at http://www.seattle. gov/neighborhoods/ppatch/pubs/P-Patch%20Leadership%20Handbook%202009. pdf.
[103] P-Patch community gardens-Growing Communities. http://www. seattle.gov/neighborhoods/ppatch/
[104] Quon S.1999. Planning for urban agriculture: a review of tools and strategies for urbanplanners. Cities Feeding People Report28. Ottawa: IDRC.
[105] Raja S, Born B, Kozlowski J,2008. A Planners Guide to Community and Regional FoodPlanning: Transforming Food Environments, Facilitating Healthy Eating (PAS Report554)[M].Chicago: American Planning Association.
[106] René van Veenhuizen. Cities Farming for the Future: Urban Agriculture for Green andProductive Cities. RUAF Foundation International Institute of Rural Reconstruction,International Development Research Centre,2006, P11.
[107] Resource Centers on Urban Agriculture and Food Security.(2008). What is urban agriculture?Retrieved January6,2008from http://www. ruaf. org/node/512
[108] Rogers, AnMarie.―Memorandum on Draft Proposal for Urban Agriculture Zoning Controls andStandards.‖San Francisco Planning Department.9/04/2010http://media. baycitizen.org/uploaded/documents/2010/8/proposed-new-laws-urban-farmers/draft%20proposal%208.04.10. pdf
[109] Rome Declaration on Word Food Security and Word Food Summit Plan of Action, Word FoodSummit, Rome,13~17
[110] Rottle N., Maryman B. Envisioning Seattle’s Green Future: Visions and Strategies from TheGreen Futures Charrette[R/OL]. Seattle: Open Space Seattle2100.[2006]. http://depts.washington. edu/open2100/book/book. complete. pdf.
[111] Salle J, Holland M, eds.2010. Agricultural Urbanism: Handbook for Building Sustainable FoodSystems in21st Century Cities. CA: Green Frigate Books.
[112] Satin M. Food Alert: The Ultimate Sourcebook for Food Safety. Facts on File Inc.,2008(9),2nded.
[113] SDOT CAM2305. Gardening in Planting Strips. http://www. seattle. gov/transportantion/cams/cam2305. pdf
[114] Seattle City Council.―Council News Release: Seattle City Council approves urban farm andcommunity garden legislation improving access to locally grown food.‖8/16/2010. http://www. seattle. gov/council/newsdetail. asp?ID=10996&Dept=28
[115] Seattle Comprehensive Plan, Urban Village Appendix B.
[116] Seattle Public Utilities.(2008). Reservoir covering program. Retrieved June1,2008http://www. seattle. gov/util/About_SPU/Water_System/Projects/Reservoir_Covering_Program/index. asp.
[117] Smit J, Nasr J.1992. Urban agriculture for sustainable cities: using wastes and idle land andwater bodies as resources. Environment and Urbanization42:141–152.
[118] Smit, J.&Nasr, J.(1995). Farming in cities. Context: A Journal of Hope, Sustainability, andChange,42:20-23.
[119] Stephenson, Garry.2008. Farmers' Markets: Success, Failure, and Management Ecology.Amherst, NY: Cambria Press.
[120] Takawira Mubvami, Shingirayi Mushamba. Integration of Agriculture in Urban Land UsePlanning. In: Renévan Veenhuizen(eds). Cities Farming for the Future: Urban Agriculture forGreen and Productive Cities. RUAF Foundation International Institute of Rural Reconstruction,International Development Research Centre,2006.
[121] The Miller Hull Partnership. Bumper Crop. http://2008honorawards. aiaseattle. org/node/61
[122] The New York City Council.2010. FoodWorks: A Vision to Improve NYC’s FoodSystem[R/OL]. Online: available at http://council. nyc. gov/html/food/files/foodworks_fullreport_11_22_10. pdf
[123] Tomkins, M.(2006). The Edible Urban Landscape: An Assessment Method for Retro-FittingUrban Agriculture Into an Inner London Test Site. Dagenham, UK: MS Architecture, AdvancedEnvironment and Energy Studies.
[124] Towards a Sustainable America: Advancing Prosperity, Opportunity, and a HealthyEnvironment for the21st Century[R]. President’s Council on Sustainable Development,1999.http://clinton4. nara. gov/media/pdf/tsa. pdf.
[125] Urban Partners.(2007). Farming in Philadelphia: Feasibility Analysis and Next Steps.Philadelphia: Institute for Innovations in Local Farming. Retrieved from http://www.spinfarming. com/common/pdfs/STF_inst_for_innovations_dec07. pdf.
[126] USDA. Food Security in the United States: Measuring Household Food Security. Retrieved2008-02-23.
[127] Van Veenhuizen, Rene.(Ed.).(2006). Cities farming for the future: urbanagriculture for greenand productive cities. Ottowa: International Development Research Centre.
[128] Veenhuizen, R.(2006). Cities Farming for the Future: Urban Agriculture for Green andProductive Cities. Philippines: International Institute of Rural Reconstruction and ETC UrbanAgriculture.
[129] Verzone C.2011. What is Food Urbanism? Online: available at http://www. foodurbanism.org/what-is-food-urbanism/.
[130] Vitiello, D. and Nairn, M.(2009). Community Gardening in Philadelphia,2008Harvest Report.Philadelphia: Penn Planning and Urban Studies. University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved fromhttps://docs. google. com/viewer-?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxoYXJ2ZXN0cmVwb3J0c2l0ZXxneDozNGM4Mjk1NzUwOGE4OTBi.
[131] Vogel, G.(2008). Upending the traditional farm. Science:319.
[132] Wachter S., Scruggs, G., Voith, R., Huang, L.(2010). Redevelopment Authority of the City ofPhiladelphia: Land Use and Policy Study. Unpublished paper submitted to RedevelopmentAuthority, Philadelphia, PA.
[133] Weber T., Sloan A., Wolf J. Maryland’s Green Infrastructure Assessment: development of acomprehensive approach to land conservation[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2006,77:94-110.
[134] RUAF.What is urban agriculture? http://www. ruaf. org/node/512. Retrieved2011-10-10.
[135] Wickhama J., Riitters K., Wadea T., et al. A national assessment of green infrastructure andchange for the conterminous United States: using morphological image processing[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2010,94:186-195.
[136] World Health Organization.(2005). Electromagnetic fields&public health: Effects of EMF onthe Environment. Retrieved April5,2008from http://www. who.int/peh-emf/publications/facts/environimpact/en/November2007.
[137]北京市环境保护局.1994年北京市环境状况公报[R].2004-04-27. http://www. bjepb. gov.cn/bjhb/publish/portal0/tab375/info2610. htm.
[138]北美食物政策委员会网页North American Food Policy Council Webpage. http://www.foodsecurity. org/FPC/
[139]蔡建明,罗彬怡.从国际趋势看将都市农业纳入到城市规划中来[J].城市规划,2004(9):22-25.
[140]蔡言.按照现代化国际大都市的要求构造都市型农业[EB].北京农业信息网. http://www.agri. ac. cn/agri_net/02/2-08/link. htm
[141]查瑞传,穆光宗.我国―隐性失业‖现象透视[EB]. http://www. bjqx. org. cn/qxweb/n1340c65.aspx.
[142]陈永福.中国食物供给与预测[M].北京:中国农业出版社，2004.
[143]城市化粪池：埋在市民身边的"定时炸弹"[EB].2005年01月25日.来源：新华网重庆频道. http://news. xinhuanet. com/focus/2005-01/25/content_2500693. html.
[144]董慰,城市设计框架及其模型研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士论文,2009.
[145]付喜娥,吴人韦.绿色基础设施评价（GIA）方法介述——以马里兰州为例[J].中国园林,2009(9):41-45.
[146]国际金融报.《谁来养活中国》出台前后[N].2006-01-06. http://news. xinhuanet.com/stock/2006-01/06/content_4016422. htm.
[147]胡忆东,吴志华,熊伟,潘聪.城市建成区界定方法研究——以武汉市为例[J].城市规划,2008(4):88-96.
[148]环境保护部环境保护对外合作中心.老人的屋顶绿色菜园. http://vod. mepfeco. org.cn/viewpic. asp?id=3
[149]黄天其.耕殖居生态综合体——一种城郊可持续建筑模式探索.第七届中国城市住宅研讨会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008：125-129.
[150]贾宁,田明华,赵蔓卓,张琛麟.北京市屋顶绿化的发展与对策[J].中国城市林业,2008,(03).
[151]李爱民.基于遥感影像的城市建成区扩张与用地规模研究[D].信息工程大学博士学位论文,2009.
[152]李保峰.适应夏热冬冷地区气候的建筑表皮之可变化设计策略研究[D].清华大学博士论文,2004.
[153]李广志,刘笑明,李同.都市农业:西安市建设生态城市的新视角[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008(7):22-26.
[154]李开然.绿色基础设施：概念，理论及实践[J].中国园林,2009(10):89-90.
[155]李榕.城市屋顶花园推行迟滞问题的探讨和应对[D].上海:同济大学硕士论文,2007.
[156]李维炯，李季，许艇主编.农业生态工程基础[M].中国环境科学出版社,2004.
[157]联合国人居署.世界城市状况报告[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2008.
[158]刘斐,戴学来.都市农业的背景、特征及其发展[J].天津师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001(6):67-72.
[159]卢启程,都市农业与生态城市的协同关系研究[J].生态经济,138-141.
[160]吕家龙主编.蔬菜栽培学各论南方本[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[161]马杰,张洪波.大城市都市农业与城市可持续发展初探[J].四川建筑,2006(8):23-26.
[162]马世骏.中国的农业生态工程[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[163]麦肯锡全球研究院.迎接中国十亿城市大军[R].2008.3http://www. mckinsey.com/mgi/reports/pdfs/China_Urban_Billion/MGI_Preparing_China_Urban_Chinese. pdf
[164]么枕生.由土壤温度论微气候[J].气象学报.1950(11):69-78.
[165]苗健,生态建筑的革命——农作物覆盖下的城市住宅.中外建筑,2007(11):49-52.
[166]苗丽娜.都市农业:城市可持续发展的必然选择[J].小城镇建设,2003(10).
[167]南方周末.实拍北京：难以诉说的垃圾围城之痛[N].2010-01-0813:57. http://www. sciam.com. cn/html/nengyuanhuanjing/huanjing/2010/0108/8383_3. html.
[168]宁超乔,徐培玮,邢记明.都市农业的城市规划思考[J].城市发展研究,2006(2):69-84.
[169]全国城市规划执业制度管理委员会.科学发展观与城市规划（全国注册城市规划师继续教育必修课程教学指定用书）[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2007.
[170]全国城市规划执业制度管理委员会.城市规划管理与法规[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2011.
[171]石志高.城市绿地系统中G5绿地分类及其规划设计研究—基于咸阳市城市绿地系统规划
[D].西安建筑科技大学硕士论文,2010:14.
[172]数据来源：《2008年武汉市国民经济和社会发展统计公报》
[173]数据来源：《武汉城市总体规划（2009-2020）》
[174]数据来源：市园林局城市总体规划修编意见及反馈资料，2005年数据
[175]孙晖,梁江.美国的城乡规划法规体系[J].国外城市规划,2000(1):19-26.
[176]孙英兰.中国耕地质量现状调查:土壤基础地力不断下降[J].瞭望,2010-9-18. http://news.sina. com. cn/c/sd/2010-09-18/135021128677. shtml.
[177]谭天鹰.浅谈屋顶绿化在首都建设生态城市办绿色奥运中的重要作用[J].国土绿化,2006(3):24-25.
[178]田洁,刘晓虹,贾进,崔毅.都市农业与城市绿色空间的有机契合——城乡空间统筹的规划探索[J].城市规划,2006(10):32-36.
[179]汪文汉.武汉晨报.楼顶―菜园‖违章搭建将被拆.2007年5月15日. http://news. fdc. com.cn/tbxw/70701. htm.
[180]王兆骞主编.中国生态农业与农业可持续发展[M].北京：北京出版社,2001:11.
[181]维基百科.城市设计. http://zh. wikipedia. org/zh/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1.
[182]温家宝在十一届人大四次会议上所作政府工作报告. http://www. gov.cn/2011lh/content_1825233. htm.数据来源：《全国土地利用总体规划纲要（2006－2020年）》
[183]我国大都市地区耕地保护问题分析——以上海市为例(上) http://www. gx-info. gov.cn/zt/viewwenzhai. asp?id=1295.
[184]吴俊丽.海外都市农业对京郊都市农业的启示[J].北京农业职业学院学报,2002(1):21.
[185]吴人韦,付喜娥.绿色基础设施概念及其研究进展综述[J].国际城市规划,2009(5):67-71.
[186]夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准JGJ134－2001[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001:18.
[187]薛若晗,窦贻俭,高超,朱继业.生态城市建设中的生态农业对策——以南京为例[J].四川建筑,2004(1):25-27.
[188]颜京松.中国与西方国家的生态工程比较[J].农村生态环境学报,1994,10(1):45-52
[189]杨子江.建筑屋面节能技术[J].工业建筑,2005,(1):40-43.
[190]俞孔坚，韩毅，韩晓晔.将稻香溶入书声——沈阳建筑大学校园环境设计.中国园林[J],2005（05）:12-16.
[191]俞菊生.都市农业的理论与创新体系构筑[J].农业现代化研究,1999,20(4):207.
[192]张华如.现代都市农业公园规划建设有关问题探讨[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(36):11816–11817.
[193]张立生.略论大城市―都市型农业‖的发展与城市规划[J].城市规划汇刊,2001(3):68-70.
[194]张禄祥.发展都市农业促进生态城市建设[J].农业现代化研究,2003(3):50-52
[195]张庭伟.城市高速发展中的城市设计问题:关于城市设计原则的讨论[J].城市规划汇刊,2001(3):6-10.
[196]张庭伟.从―向权力讲授真理‖到―参与决策权力‖——当前美国规划理论界的一个动向：―联络性规划‖[J].城市规划,1999(6):33-36.
[197]张庭伟.从美国城市规划的变革看中国城市规划的改革[J].城市规划汇刊,1996(3):1-7.
[198]张庭伟.迈入新世纪:建设有中国特色的现代规划理论.城市规划,2000(1).
[199]张庭伟.中国规划走向世界——从物质规划到社会发展规划[J].城市规划汇刊,1997(1):5-9.
[200]张玉坤,孙艺冰.国外的―都市农业‖与中国城市生态节地策略[J].建筑学报,2011(4):95-98.
[201]周年兴,俞孔坚.农田与城市的自然融合[J].规划师,2003(3):53-85.
[202]周伟伟,王雁.北京市的屋顶绿化[J].中国城市林业,2006.4(2):35-37.
[203]网络资源
[204] http://guide. buylocalca. org/.
[205] http://thegreenpla. net/tag/growing-power/.
[206] http://www. planning. org/nationalcenters/health/foodprinciples. htm.
[207] www. fao. org.
[208] www. growingpower. org/.
[209] www. nyc. gov.
[210] www. ruaf. org.
[211] www. seattle. gov.
[212]世界卫生组织WHO网站http://www. who. int/trade/glossary/story028/en/.
[213]中国网. http://www. hnhm. com. cn/news/picnews/201003/158490. html.
[214]中华人民共和国统计局. http://www. stats. gov. cn/tjsj/qtsj/hjtjzl/hjtjsj2009/t20101203_402687817. htm. B
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |