电热水器远程控制器的实现及其于SOPC的设计
摘要
本课题来源于我校承担的广东天力卫厨设备厂的“电热水器控制器”开发项目。本项目除了通常对电热水器的安全性和水胆温度的自动控制等要求外，还希望所设计的控制器具有恒温出水控制、远程开关控制等功能。恒温出水功能通过控制一个直流电机的正、反转来调节冷、热水的混水比例，从而达到出水温度控制的目的。本文主要论述电热水器中远程控制功能方案的设计和实现。本文的目的除了要实现目前产品要求的功能外，还希望能满足未来升级的需要，即实现基于可编程片上系统(SOPC)的电路设计。
对第一个目标，本文对所要求的远程控制功能，通过对几种技术方案进行论证和对比，确定了用无线寻呼方式实现电热水器的远程开关控制问题，实现了用该方案设计的具有远程控制功能的控制器。本设计能够符合期望的性能价格比，同时达到“两个兼用”的目标，即远程控制和其他控制兼用一个微处理器；寻呼机兼做脱机单独使用和联机控制使用。为了达到此目的，从技术上利用软解码的方法，使寻呼系统和热水器控制系统的互连达到最简和兼用，同时降低了系统的造价。两个兼用带来的困难是编程工作量和难度的增加。本文通过合理选择微处理器、I/O的复用设计和程序的优化达到了设计指标，硬件调试工作已经全部完成。
本课题的另一个要求是实现以上功能的可编程片上系统(SOPC)设计。由于可编程电路(PLD)技术的进展，数十万门规模的PLD的价格已经到了一般应用可以接受的程度，这一规模的电路允许将一个8位或32位的MCU(微控制器)和外围电路内置到一个可编程芯片中，从而实现可编程片上系统。虽然SOPC是一个比较新的设计方法，考虑到产品升级的可能和各种其他应用前景，本文要求实现以上控制功能的SOPC设计。作为SOPC的基础，本文将无线寻呼实现远程控制的核心部分，即POCSAG码的解码电路用VHDL硬件描述语言加以实现，该设计已经通过EDA工具的综合、仿真和下载等步骤并证明完全可行。在此基础上，做出了用Xilinx公司的可编程Spartan系列芯片和该公司所提供的8位MCU软核(IP CORE)实现SOPC的方案做出了初步设计，各程序模块分别通过调试。
The subject described in this paper is part work of the project Controller for Electrical Home Heater entrusted by Zhongshan Kitchen Device Factory in Guangdong. Besides the basic requirements of a usual home heater like safety and auto-control on water temperature in tank, the new one was supposed to have more functions, the most important ones of which are temperature control on outlet and remote-switch on/off the machine. The former function is realized by controlling a small DC motor. The rotation of the motor is controlled according to the temperature of the outlet, the changing of motor's rotation changes the proportion of cold to hot water to adjust the temperature to the preset value. This paper mainly deals with the latter function ie the design and realization of remote switch control. The goal is not only the current requirements for the project but also the future possibility of product upgrade. For this reason the SOPC design and realization is given in this paper.
For the first goal, several possible methods are discussed technically and economically. As a result, a scheme based on BP call machine is put forward. The realization of the scheme reaches two benefits. First of all, just one MCU is used for both tasks in either remote control or all other functions. Secondly, the BP call machine is used in the way of plug-in and plug-out, so that it can work as either a controller or just an information machine. The key problem for this benefit is to solve POCSAG's decoder using MCU's program instead of decoding by special chip. In this way, the connection between the BP and the heater becomes simple and indepandent. The additional advantage is to reduce the cost of realization. At the other hand, the software decoder makes programming more complex and difficult. Careful work on MCU selection, multi-use of I/O ports and program optimization is done for the realization. Now the hardware debugging is finished and the whole controller works successfully.
The second goal is the remote control design based on SOPC. The development of PLD (programmable logic Device) is making the price tending to applications of consumer products. Furthermore several kinds of 8/32 bit MCU cores are available to
users. This makes SOPC possible. The first step for this goal is to design POCSAG's decoder using VHDL which will act as a function core in the full design of heater controller. The process including compiling, synthesizing and simulation is supported by EDA tools, and at last the design is downloaded to an FPGA chip. It shows that the design works properly. Then an 8 bit MCU PicoBlaze developed by Xilinx Company is used for the further SOPC design of remote controller. The circuit structure and realization are discussed and most components are debugged successfully.
对第一个目标，本文对所要求的远程控制功能，通过对几种技术方案进行论证和对比，确定了用无线寻呼方式实现电热水器的远程开关控制问题，实现了用该方案设计的具有远程控制功能的控制器。本设计能够符合期望的性能价格比，同时达到“两个兼用”的目标，即远程控制和其他控制兼用一个微处理器；寻呼机兼做脱机单独使用和联机控制使用。为了达到此目的，从技术上利用软解码的方法，使寻呼系统和热水器控制系统的互连达到最简和兼用，同时降低了系统的造价。两个兼用带来的困难是编程工作量和难度的增加。本文通过合理选择微处理器、I/O的复用设计和程序的优化达到了设计指标，硬件调试工作已经全部完成。
本课题的另一个要求是实现以上功能的可编程片上系统(SOPC)设计。由于可编程电路(PLD)技术的进展，数十万门规模的PLD的价格已经到了一般应用可以接受的程度，这一规模的电路允许将一个8位或32位的MCU(微控制器)和外围电路内置到一个可编程芯片中，从而实现可编程片上系统。虽然SOPC是一个比较新的设计方法，考虑到产品升级的可能和各种其他应用前景，本文要求实现以上控制功能的SOPC设计。作为SOPC的基础，本文将无线寻呼实现远程控制的核心部分，即POCSAG码的解码电路用VHDL硬件描述语言加以实现，该设计已经通过EDA工具的综合、仿真和下载等步骤并证明完全可行。在此基础上，做出了用Xilinx公司的可编程Spartan系列芯片和该公司所提供的8位MCU软核(IP CORE)实现SOPC的方案做出了初步设计，各程序模块分别通过调试。
The subject described in this paper is part work of the project Controller for Electrical Home Heater entrusted by Zhongshan Kitchen Device Factory in Guangdong. Besides the basic requirements of a usual home heater like safety and auto-control on water temperature in tank, the new one was supposed to have more functions, the most important ones of which are temperature control on outlet and remote-switch on/off the machine. The former function is realized by controlling a small DC motor. The rotation of the motor is controlled according to the temperature of the outlet, the changing of motor's rotation changes the proportion of cold to hot water to adjust the temperature to the preset value. This paper mainly deals with the latter function ie the design and realization of remote switch control. The goal is not only the current requirements for the project but also the future possibility of product upgrade. For this reason the SOPC design and realization is given in this paper.
For the first goal, several possible methods are discussed technically and economically. As a result, a scheme based on BP call machine is put forward. The realization of the scheme reaches two benefits. First of all, just one MCU is used for both tasks in either remote control or all other functions. Secondly, the BP call machine is used in the way of plug-in and plug-out, so that it can work as either a controller or just an information machine. The key problem for this benefit is to solve POCSAG's decoder using MCU's program instead of decoding by special chip. In this way, the connection between the BP and the heater becomes simple and indepandent. The additional advantage is to reduce the cost of realization. At the other hand, the software decoder makes programming more complex and difficult. Careful work on MCU selection, multi-use of I/O ports and program optimization is done for the realization. Now the hardware debugging is finished and the whole controller works successfully.
The second goal is the remote control design based on SOPC. The development of PLD (programmable logic Device) is making the price tending to applications of consumer products. Furthermore several kinds of 8/32 bit MCU cores are available to
users. This makes SOPC possible. The first step for this goal is to design POCSAG's decoder using VHDL which will act as a function core in the full design of heater controller. The process including compiling, synthesizing and simulation is supported by EDA tools, and at last the design is downloaded to an FPGA chip. It shows that the design works properly. Then an 8 bit MCU PicoBlaze developed by Xilinx Company is used for the further SOPC design of remote controller. The circuit structure and realization are discussed and most components are debugged successfully.
引文
[1]李佩禹，家用热水器的原理、使用与维修，机械工业出版社，2002．5
[2]李维敏、刘元盛，民用住宅的智能化控制，电子产品世界，2002．9．A
[3]王飞跃、黄小池，基于网络的智能家居系统现状和发展趋势，家电科技，2001．6，p56．p61
[4]J. Jacobson, Understanding Home Automation, Electronic House, May, 2001
[5]刘敢峰等，基于PSTN的智能家居远程控制装置，电子技术，2001．7，p32
[6]习勇、魏急波，利用电话、电脑、电力网的智能家居系统电子技术，2001．6，p63
[7]李志生基于网络的集成型智能家居系统(IHAS)发展趋势初探，广东工业大学学报，Vol.19，No2，2002．6
[8]王振红等，基于公共电话网的智能家居系统，控制工程，Vol.9，No.3，2002.5，p55-p57
[9]张常年、李洋，基于VHDL语言的远程控制家电系统，计算机应用，Vol．21，No．8，2001．8，p229-p231
[11]仲元昌，利用电力线实现载拨遥控研究，重庆师范学院学报，Vol.18，No.4，2001，p33-p35
[12]王赞基、郭静波，电力线扩频通信技术及其应用，电力系统自动化，No.10，2000，p64-p68
[13]何海波等，低压电力线载波通信研究与应用现状，继电器，2001．7，p12-p16
[14]GregVrana, Home Plug, EDN, Mar.2002, p46-p56
[15]王美清，PIC单片机在远程控制中的应用，电子技术应用，2000．3，p23-p24
[16]毛兆荣，语音芯片APR9600在电话遥控系统中的应用，电子技术应用，2000．1
[17]High performance multi channel 8-bit microcontroller, www.sunplus.com
[18]Evans, G The EIA Consumer Eleetronie Bus Twisted Pair Network, Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 1991, 372(5): 101-107
[19]姚振东、卢强，电力线载波通信实现数据及语音的传输，成都信息工程学院学报，Vol.16，No.4，2001．12，p258-p261
[20]Electronic Industries Association: EIA-600, 1995
[21]朱明珏、张福民，电力线Modem芯片ST7536国外电子元器件 1998．7
[22]电力线载波通信集成电路 电子技术 1996．8
[23]SSC P300 PL Network Interface Controller Technical Data Sheet 1998．1
[24]邓广增、庞开建，无线寻呼系统，人民邮电出版社，1995．1，p44-p46
[25]陈鑫，常用无线电寻呼机原理与维修实例 人民邮电出版社 1998．10，大学 p23-p30
[26]田昕，BP机使用与维修手册 人民邮电出版社 1993．8，p174-p179
[27]窦振中，PIC系列单片机原理和程序设计，北京航空航天大学出版社 1998．10，p166-p203
[28]窦振中、汪立森，PIC系列单片机应用设计与实例，北京航空航天大学出版社，1999．8，p58-p135
[29]张华胜，一种POCSAG码的软件解码方案电子技术应用 1998．8，p16-p19
[30]王志华、邓仰东，数字集成系统的结构化设计与高层次综合 清华大学出版社 2000．7，p86．p143
[31]New Challenges in Chip Design Drive-A New EDA Methodology，Robert P．Smith，2002北京微电子研讨会文集2002．7，p24-p26
[32]T.Takahara Embedded computer system with soft CPU for space application
[33]苏琼，嵌入式PLD拓展低端应用，电子产品世界2002．6
[34]林敏、方颖立，VHDL数字系统设计与高层次综合电子工业出版社 2002．1，p351-p358
[35]Berge JM.VHDL designer's Reference, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992
[36]潘松 王国栋，VHDL实用教程 电子科技大学出版社 2000．3，p3-p19
[37]徐秉铮、欧阳景正、冯贵良，差错控制码的理论与实践 华南理工大学出版社 1988．12，p114-p117
[38]曾繁泰、陈美金，VHDL程序设计 清华大学出版社 2000．8，p46-p78
[39]卢毅、赖杰，VHDL与数字电路设计 科学出版社 2001．4，p120-p174
[40]李丽、高明伦、张多利、程作仁，8位RISC微控制器IP软核的设计，微电子学与计算机，2001．3，p10-p14
[41]JerryCase,etc,"Design Methodologies for Core-Based FPGADesigns", XilinxApplication,April 1997
[42] 卢贵主、周剑扬、夏斐斐、陈辉煌，基于IP核的嵌入式8051VHDL设计及FPGA实现厦门大学学报(自然科学版)2002．3
[43] DeboraGrosse, "FPGAs:AMatterofcores", EDN, 1997. 4
[44] Michael J Flynnetal,Deep-submicron microprocessor design issues.IEEE MICRO, 1999, 19(4)
[45] The NetWare I/O Subsystem (NIOS) 2002
[46] Nios Embedded Processor System Development 2002 Xilinx Application Datasheet
[47] Jerraya A A, Ding H, Kission Pet ah Behaviorial Synthesis and component reuse with VHDL, Kluwer academic Publishers, 1997
[48] 高德远等，XILINX现场可编程门阵列及其应用．西北工业大学出版社，1996
[49] PicoBlaze 8-Bit Microcontroller for Virtex-E and Spartan-Ⅱ/IIE Devices Xilinx Application Note
[50] Xilinx, "The Programmable Logic Data Book", 1998.2
[51] Ken Chapman, Creating Embedded Microcontrollers Xilinx.com
[2]李维敏、刘元盛，民用住宅的智能化控制，电子产品世界，2002．9．A
[3]王飞跃、黄小池，基于网络的智能家居系统现状和发展趋势，家电科技，2001．6，p56．p61
[4]J. Jacobson, Understanding Home Automation, Electronic House, May, 2001
[5]刘敢峰等，基于PSTN的智能家居远程控制装置，电子技术，2001．7，p32
[6]习勇、魏急波，利用电话、电脑、电力网的智能家居系统电子技术，2001．6，p63
[7]李志生基于网络的集成型智能家居系统(IHAS)发展趋势初探，广东工业大学学报，Vol.19，No2，2002．6
[8]王振红等，基于公共电话网的智能家居系统，控制工程，Vol.9，No.3，2002.5，p55-p57
[9]张常年、李洋，基于VHDL语言的远程控制家电系统，计算机应用，Vol．21，No．8，2001．8，p229-p231
[11]仲元昌，利用电力线实现载拨遥控研究，重庆师范学院学报，Vol.18，No.4，2001，p33-p35
[12]王赞基、郭静波，电力线扩频通信技术及其应用，电力系统自动化，No.10，2000，p64-p68
[13]何海波等，低压电力线载波通信研究与应用现状，继电器，2001．7，p12-p16
[14]GregVrana, Home Plug, EDN, Mar.2002, p46-p56
[15]王美清，PIC单片机在远程控制中的应用，电子技术应用，2000．3，p23-p24
[16]毛兆荣，语音芯片APR9600在电话遥控系统中的应用，电子技术应用，2000．1
[17]High performance multi channel 8-bit microcontroller, www.sunplus.com
[18]Evans, G The EIA Consumer Eleetronie Bus Twisted Pair Network, Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 1991, 372(5): 101-107
[19]姚振东、卢强，电力线载波通信实现数据及语音的传输，成都信息工程学院学报，Vol.16，No.4，2001．12，p258-p261
[20]Electronic Industries Association: EIA-600, 1995
[21]朱明珏、张福民，电力线Modem芯片ST7536国外电子元器件 1998．7
[22]电力线载波通信集成电路 电子技术 1996．8
[23]SSC P300 PL Network Interface Controller Technical Data Sheet 1998．1
[24]邓广增、庞开建，无线寻呼系统，人民邮电出版社，1995．1，p44-p46
[25]陈鑫，常用无线电寻呼机原理与维修实例 人民邮电出版社 1998．10，大学 p23-p30
[26]田昕，BP机使用与维修手册 人民邮电出版社 1993．8，p174-p179
[27]窦振中，PIC系列单片机原理和程序设计，北京航空航天大学出版社 1998．10，p166-p203
[28]窦振中、汪立森，PIC系列单片机应用设计与实例，北京航空航天大学出版社，1999．8，p58-p135
[29]张华胜，一种POCSAG码的软件解码方案电子技术应用 1998．8，p16-p19
[30]王志华、邓仰东，数字集成系统的结构化设计与高层次综合 清华大学出版社 2000．7，p86．p143
[31]New Challenges in Chip Design Drive-A New EDA Methodology，Robert P．Smith，2002北京微电子研讨会文集2002．7，p24-p26
[32]T.Takahara Embedded computer system with soft CPU for space application
[33]苏琼，嵌入式PLD拓展低端应用，电子产品世界2002．6
[34]林敏、方颖立，VHDL数字系统设计与高层次综合电子工业出版社 2002．1，p351-p358
[35]Berge JM.VHDL designer's Reference, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992
[36]潘松 王国栋，VHDL实用教程 电子科技大学出版社 2000．3，p3-p19
[37]徐秉铮、欧阳景正、冯贵良，差错控制码的理论与实践 华南理工大学出版社 1988．12，p114-p117
[38]曾繁泰、陈美金，VHDL程序设计 清华大学出版社 2000．8，p46-p78
[39]卢毅、赖杰，VHDL与数字电路设计 科学出版社 2001．4，p120-p174
[40]李丽、高明伦、张多利、程作仁，8位RISC微控制器IP软核的设计，微电子学与计算机，2001．3，p10-p14
[41]JerryCase,etc,"Design Methodologies for Core-Based FPGADesigns", XilinxApplication,April 1997
[42] 卢贵主、周剑扬、夏斐斐、陈辉煌，基于IP核的嵌入式8051VHDL设计及FPGA实现厦门大学学报(自然科学版)2002．3
[43] DeboraGrosse, "FPGAs:AMatterofcores", EDN, 1997. 4
[44] Michael J Flynnetal,Deep-submicron microprocessor design issues.IEEE MICRO, 1999, 19(4)
[45] The NetWare I/O Subsystem (NIOS) 2002
[46] Nios Embedded Processor System Development 2002 Xilinx Application Datasheet
[47] Jerraya A A, Ding H, Kission Pet ah Behaviorial Synthesis and component reuse with VHDL, Kluwer academic Publishers, 1997
[48] 高德远等，XILINX现场可编程门阵列及其应用．西北工业大学出版社，1996
[49] PicoBlaze 8-Bit Microcontroller for Virtex-E and Spartan-Ⅱ/IIE Devices Xilinx Application Note
[50] Xilinx, "The Programmable Logic Data Book", 1998.2
[51] Ken Chapman, Creating Embedded Microcontrollers Xilinx.com