低流度油藏流体渗流特征及应用研究
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摘要
本文以大港南部油田为例，研究低流度油藏渗流特征和改善开发效果技术对策。针对低流度油藏开发过程中存在的采油速度低、采收率低以及储量动用程度低等难题，通过对国内外有关油藏非达西渗流方面的研究成果和文献的综合分析,确定了研究思路和研究内容,并在非达西渗流实验和数值模拟等方面开展了大量工作。通过实验研究和数值模拟研究是该论文的主要研究手段。
通过岩芯渗流实验分析，验证了研究区低流度油藏渗流规律偏离达西定律，对低流度油藏的渗流特征进行了探讨，分析低流度油藏的非达西流特征。确定了启动压力与储层渗透率、流体粘度三者之间的变化关系和规律，描绘出研究区启动压力梯度分布图，掌握分布规律，为油藏工程研究奠定基础。
提出和建立了油藏开发特征模型的思路和详细步骤，油藏开发特征模型包括地质特征属性、开发特征属性和渗流特征属性三个部分。在油藏开发特征模型的基础上进行多层油藏油层启动状况及条件研究，分析原油粘度、纵向非均质性、井距、注采压差和分层注水等因素对低流度油藏的启动程度的影响。优化制订出提高低流度油藏油层启动程度的注水技术政策，包括合理井距、分层注水、增注和提液、完善井网、油水井酸化压裂等，形成相应的技术政策指导参数。
测试资料表明研究区层间矛盾突出，采用油藏数值模拟开展进行低流度多油层油藏油层启动状况及条件研究。在模拟过程中要考虑启动压力梯度，才能反映出低流度多油层油藏的开发特征。
探讨了改善低流度油藏开发效果的技术对策。注采压力特征研究表明，油水井压力主要消耗在井筒附近。由于地层压力变化对渗透率的影响，研究区低流度油藏的合理生产压差存在一个合理范围区间，超过这个区间值，生产效率是降低的。低流度多油层油藏中，影响层间油层启动的主要因素是存在启动压力梯度和多层油藏的层间干扰。在油藏模拟过程中要考虑启动压力梯度，才能反映出低流度多油层油藏的开发特征。
应用研究成果指导小集油田的调整治理，以建立合理、有效驱动压差为基础，采用先期注水、后期调整、简化开发层系等治理策略，取得明显效果。
To further understand flow characteristics of the low mobility reservoir,taking Xiaoji oilfield and Zaoyuan oilfield in Dagang oilfield for example.Aiming at the problems of low producing rate, low recovery rate and lowreserves producing degree in the process of the low mobility reservoirdevelopment. Through studying the research results and the analysis of theliterature about non-Darcy flow, the research ideas and content isdetermined, and non-Darcy flow experiments and numerical simulationhave been done lots of work. The research of experiment and numericalsimulation is the major research tools.
The flow in the low mobility reservoir is diverge from the Darcy' lawthrough the core flow experiments. The characteristic of porous flow in lowmobility reservoir is discussed. Then the characteristic of non-Darcy flowis studied. The paper ensures the relationship and regular among thresholdpressure, reservoir permeability and fluid viscosity. The distribution map ofthreshold pressure gradient in research region is depicted,. And through themap, we can master the distribution regularity of threshold pressuregradient and be well prepared for the reservoir engineering research.
The framework and detail steps of the feature model of reservoirdevelopment are described in this paper. Reservoir features model containsgeological properties, production characters and permeation fluid traits.Basing on the reservoir features model, the paper researches the reservoirstartup conditions and status in multilayer reservoir by analyzing the effect of oil viscosity, the vertical heterogeneity, the well spacing, pressuredifference between production and injection and zonal injection status,especially in low fluidity reservoir. The final research objective is toformulate the corresponding injectionervoir. Measures to optimize the lowfluidity reservoir startup conditions, which includes: reasonable well space,zonal injection, stimulation of injection, increasing liquid production, wellpattern optimizing, acidizing and hydraulic fracturing, etc. And gives theguiding technological parameters for the measures discussed above.
The Well test data show that the layer interference is serious in the areaof study. Reservoir simulation method is applied to study the reservoirstartup status and conditions. In the simulation process, the pressuregradient is a key parameter for the low fluidity reservoir.
The measures to improve the development effect of low mobilityreservoir are studied. Injection-production pressure system characteristicshave shown that the pressure drawdown of injection well and productionwell is near the wellbore. There is a reasonable range of producing pressuredrop because the formation pressure change affects permeability, otherwise,the productivity will be declined. The threshold pressure gradient andinterlayer interference are the main factors affecting the degree ofutilization in low mobility multilayered reservoir. In order to reflect thedevelopment characteristics of the low mobility multilayered reservoir, thethreshold pressure gradient must be considered in reservoir numericalsimulation.
通过岩芯渗流实验分析，验证了研究区低流度油藏渗流规律偏离达西定律，对低流度油藏的渗流特征进行了探讨，分析低流度油藏的非达西流特征。确定了启动压力与储层渗透率、流体粘度三者之间的变化关系和规律，描绘出研究区启动压力梯度分布图，掌握分布规律，为油藏工程研究奠定基础。
提出和建立了油藏开发特征模型的思路和详细步骤，油藏开发特征模型包括地质特征属性、开发特征属性和渗流特征属性三个部分。在油藏开发特征模型的基础上进行多层油藏油层启动状况及条件研究，分析原油粘度、纵向非均质性、井距、注采压差和分层注水等因素对低流度油藏的启动程度的影响。优化制订出提高低流度油藏油层启动程度的注水技术政策，包括合理井距、分层注水、增注和提液、完善井网、油水井酸化压裂等，形成相应的技术政策指导参数。
测试资料表明研究区层间矛盾突出，采用油藏数值模拟开展进行低流度多油层油藏油层启动状况及条件研究。在模拟过程中要考虑启动压力梯度，才能反映出低流度多油层油藏的开发特征。
探讨了改善低流度油藏开发效果的技术对策。注采压力特征研究表明，油水井压力主要消耗在井筒附近。由于地层压力变化对渗透率的影响，研究区低流度油藏的合理生产压差存在一个合理范围区间，超过这个区间值，生产效率是降低的。低流度多油层油藏中，影响层间油层启动的主要因素是存在启动压力梯度和多层油藏的层间干扰。在油藏模拟过程中要考虑启动压力梯度，才能反映出低流度多油层油藏的开发特征。
应用研究成果指导小集油田的调整治理，以建立合理、有效驱动压差为基础，采用先期注水、后期调整、简化开发层系等治理策略，取得明显效果。
To further understand flow characteristics of the low mobility reservoir,taking Xiaoji oilfield and Zaoyuan oilfield in Dagang oilfield for example.Aiming at the problems of low producing rate, low recovery rate and lowreserves producing degree in the process of the low mobility reservoirdevelopment. Through studying the research results and the analysis of theliterature about non-Darcy flow, the research ideas and content isdetermined, and non-Darcy flow experiments and numerical simulationhave been done lots of work. The research of experiment and numericalsimulation is the major research tools.
The flow in the low mobility reservoir is diverge from the Darcy' lawthrough the core flow experiments. The characteristic of porous flow in lowmobility reservoir is discussed. Then the characteristic of non-Darcy flowis studied. The paper ensures the relationship and regular among thresholdpressure, reservoir permeability and fluid viscosity. The distribution map ofthreshold pressure gradient in research region is depicted,. And through themap, we can master the distribution regularity of threshold pressuregradient and be well prepared for the reservoir engineering research.
The framework and detail steps of the feature model of reservoirdevelopment are described in this paper. Reservoir features model containsgeological properties, production characters and permeation fluid traits.Basing on the reservoir features model, the paper researches the reservoirstartup conditions and status in multilayer reservoir by analyzing the effect of oil viscosity, the vertical heterogeneity, the well spacing, pressuredifference between production and injection and zonal injection status,especially in low fluidity reservoir. The final research objective is toformulate the corresponding injectionervoir. Measures to optimize the lowfluidity reservoir startup conditions, which includes: reasonable well space,zonal injection, stimulation of injection, increasing liquid production, wellpattern optimizing, acidizing and hydraulic fracturing, etc. And gives theguiding technological parameters for the measures discussed above.
The Well test data show that the layer interference is serious in the areaof study. Reservoir simulation method is applied to study the reservoirstartup status and conditions. In the simulation process, the pressuregradient is a key parameter for the low fluidity reservoir.
The measures to improve the development effect of low mobilityreservoir are studied. Injection-production pressure system characteristicshave shown that the pressure drawdown of injection well and productionwell is near the wellbore. There is a reasonable range of producing pressuredrop because the formation pressure change affects permeability, otherwise,the productivity will be declined. The threshold pressure gradient andinterlayer interference are the main factors affecting the degree ofutilization in low mobility multilayered reservoir. In order to reflect thedevelopment characteristics of the low mobility multilayered reservoir, thethreshold pressure gradient must be considered in reservoir numericalsimulation.
引文
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