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稠油渗流模式研究及应用
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摘要
稠油油藏是一类特殊的油气藏,与常规油藏有许多不同之处,由于原油粘度高、开采难度大,主要采用注蒸汽的开发方式,稠油的渗流模式研究,是科学开发稠油的关键,因此,本文以胜利油田的稠油油藏为研究对象,应用实验和理论的方法,研究稠油的渗流规律和模式,为胜利油田稠油的科学开发提供依据。
     本论文以实验结果为基础,研究了胜利油田稠油渗流机理,建立稠油渗流的数学模型和直井面积井网下吞吐渗流场的分布特征,建立了稠油热采渗流模式,通过本文的研究,取得了如下研究成果:(1)应用室内实验的方法,分类研究稠油流变特性,系统研究影响稠油粘度的因素和机制;建立稠油由非牛顿流体转化成牛顿流体时的粘度与温度关系式。(2)根据室内实验数据,分类研究稠油油藏渗流规律与特性,提出稠油渗流为具有启动压力非达西渗流;分析启动压力梯度的影响因素,并建立稠油渗流启动压力梯度计算的数学描述方程;建立了稠油渗流的运动数学方程以及存在启动压力梯度下的渗流方程,达到真实描述稠油渗流特性的目的。(3)应用实验的方法研究得到了稠油两相渗流曲线特点、影响因素与分流曲线描述方法;(4)建立了直井面积井网吞吐下不同区域的渗流数学模型,并研究用半解析方法求解渗流数学模型。(5)开发得到了采用半解析方法计算稠油渗流特性的程序,可以计算在直井面积井网下、不同吞吐周期、不同油藏类型(普通稠油、特稠油、超稠油)压力和含油饱和度分布特性。(6)根据计算结果结合现场测试资料,建立了稠油热采温度、压力和含油饱和度分布模式,建立了不同类型稠油油藏的热采非达西渗流模式;(7)根据研究成果开展应用研究,研究非达西渗流控制的稠油常规生产极限泄油半径和合理热采井距,为不同稠油油藏合理开发方式和井距的选择提供依据;解释了低饱和稠油由于启动压力存在造成开发初期高含水原因,并指导现场实施热采改善开发效果
The heavy oil reservoir is special oil and gas reservoir and has many differenceswith conventional reservoir. Because of high oil viscosity and being very difficult tobe developed, its main development method is steam injection.The study of heavyoil flow mode is key to develop the heavy oil reservoirs scientifically. The research ofthis paper is based on heavy oil reservoirs in Shengli oil field. The heavy oil flowmode was studed by experiment method and theoretical researching and guidescientific development of heavy oil reservoirs.
     Based on experiment results, the heavy oil flow mechanism, distributioncharacteristics of flow field, heavy oil flow mathematics model and flow mode bythermal were studied and established in this paper. The following main achievementsare made by this research.
     1. By experiment method the rheology characteristics and effect factors andmechanism on oil viscosity were investigated. The relationship between oil viscosityand limitation temperature which transfer non-newtonian to newtonian flow wereestablished.
     2. Based on lab data,the rules and characteristics of heavy oil flow were studied.The opinion that heavy oil flow is nondarcy flow with threshold pressure gradient wasproposed. The effect factors of threshold pressure gradient were analyzed. Thethreshold pressure gradient formula and flow motion mathematics equation andflow equation with threshold pressure gradient were established, which candescribe the heavy oil flow characteristics.
     3. By experiment method,the characteristics of relative curve with oil and waterphases was researched and fractional flow curve description method wereinvestigated.
     4. The different region flow mathematics model of areal well pattern by verticalwell steam injection in homogeneous and heterogeneous heavy oil reservoirs wasestablished. The solution of flow mathematics model by semi-analytical method wasstudied.
     5. The software to calculate heavy oil flow by semi-analytical methods wasdeveloped,which can calculate flow mode, distribution of temperature,pressure andoil saturation with areal well pattern in different cycles by vertical well steam injection and different regions of heavy oil reservoirs include conventional,super andextra super heavy oil.
     6. Based on results of distributions of temperature,pressure and oil saturation andcombined with test data in situ,the thermal flow mode of heavy oil reservoirs wasestablished.
     7. The achievements of the paper were used in Shengli oil field,Such asdeterminating limit drainage radius of conventional production with reasonable welldistance,interpreting reason of high water cut in low oil saturation heavy oilreservoirs and using thermal method to improve production performance.
引文
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