计算机支持的协同工作中的并发控制研究
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摘要
随着计算机技术、网络技术和分布式技术的发展,计算机用户正从单用户工作模式向多用户协同工作方向发展。计算机支持的协同设计(Computer SupportedCooperative Design)就是在这种背景下产生的,其思想体现了信息时代人们的工作方式的群体性、交互性、分布性和协同性要求。协同设计充分发挥了计算机网络作为通信媒体的潜在能力和优越性,为设计组成员间相互交流和协调工作创造了条件,支持群体工作,进一步提高了人们的工作效率和工作质量。
多个设计者对共享信息进行并行操作必然会产生冲突,从而处理分布数据的一致性成为许多协同系统的关键问题。在一个共享的多用户环境中,为了避免冲突、增强有效性、确保成功的协作,协调用户的行为是至关重要的。
本论文通过深入研究协同设计过程中的多个用户同时访问共享资源时所采用的并发控制机制,总结国内外著名协同设计平台在开发过程和设计实践中遇到的普遍问题,对于协同设计并发控制的关键机制进行了探讨,丰富和发展了相关的关键技术。主要包括以下内容:
1、协同设计系统框架
在协同工作过程中,各部门之间工作趋于并行一体化,面向并行工程的协同设计系统要求在设计过程中按照设计者的实际需求定制,满足开放性和灵活性。基于这种要求,本论文通过分析协同支持环境、协同设计特点、协同工作模式和协作方式,及对面向并行工程的协同设计要求,建立了一个面向并行工程协同设计开放式的系统框架模型。
2、协同设计中的并发控制机制
本论文研究了传统并发控制策略的优缺点,结合工程设计的具体特点,设计实现了基于约束网络的冲突管理体系结构和基于规则推理的冲突消解体系结构。
在冲突检测方面,分析以约束网络为基础的协同设计冲突检测方法,建立约束网络,通过对约束满足求解确定设计过程是否一致。由于约束满足问题求解是一个搜索问题,因此在确定最终优化解的过程中,采用混沌优化策略,从而快速找到全局最优解,迅速判断冲突发生的时间和位置,提高搜索速度,实现简单,维护一致性,提高协同设计效率。
在冲突消解方面,分析协同设计中冲突产生的原因和冲突消解的技术,建立冲突消解知识库,运用规则推理机制解决冲突。并在规则推理过程中运用了一种快速的规则匹配算法,提高规则匹配效率,同时降低冲突消解的时间及空间复杂度。
3、访问控制模型
协同设计过程也必须提供安全机制,防止数据的非法获取和修改。本论文探讨了协同设计中访问控制机制的具体需求,在传统的访问控制机制RBAC模型基础上,引入客体集概念,将设计者按不同属性分成不同集合,在设计中获得不同的访问授权,降低系统复杂性。
4、数据交换模型
在协同设计中,异地设计者之间需要实现有效的资源共享,因此需要在各站点之间进行数据交换。本论文通过讨论XML技术的优点,设计实现了基于XML技术的增量式协同设计数据管理。此外,通过研究目前实际的网络拓扑结构及现
Along with computer technology, network technology and distributionaltechnical development, computer developed from single user working pattern tomulti-user collaborative work direction. Computer Supported CooperativeDesign(CSCD)came into being under this background, whose idea reflect thegroupware, interaction, distribution and cooperation of people's work mode in thenetwork. CSCD provieds the condition of communication and cooperation betweendesigners to support group work, which increases work efficiency and quality.
Different designers mainpulated the concurrent operation to the sharinginformation inevitably have the conflict occured. Managing the consistency ofdistributed data is a critical issue for many collaborative systems. In a sharingmulti-user environment, in order to avoid inconsistency, increase efficiency,guarantees the successful cooperation, it is important to coordinate the action ofdesign members.
Concurrency control mechanism is studied in depth which is used when multipleusers access sharing data simultaneously. Based on visited the platform to thedomestic and overseas famous collaborative design, some universal questions wassummarized which they met during design practice. In this paper, key mechanism ofconcurrent control during collaborative design was researched and discussed, enrichedand developed the related essential technology. The main contents are listed asfollowing:
1. Collaborative design system framework
In the process of collaborative design, works between various department tendedto parallel integration, collaboartive design system faced concurrent engineeringrequired customizing designs according to designer's actual demands, satisfiedopenness and flexibility. Based on this kind of request, the thesis analyzed cooperativeenvironment, collaborative design characteristic, cooperative work pattern, andconcurrent engineering oriented requests, an open style system framework model hasestablished.
2. Concurrency control mechanism in collaborative design
The paper stuedied the characteristics of engineering design, and traditionalconcurrent control methods, a conflict management system structure based onconstraint network and a conflict resolution system structure based on rule inferencehas been put forward and realized. In the conflict detection method, analyzed themethods for conflict detection based on constraint network during collaborativedesign. Using the constraint management system, established the constraint network,through satisfied the solution to make sure whethere the porcess is consistent. Becauseof constraint satisfies solution is a search question, therefore in the process whichconfirmed finally superiorly solution, chaos optimization method was used in order to
rapidly get global optimum solution and greatly improve convergence rate. Moreover,high consistency and executive frequency was expected.In the process of conflict solution, the paper analyzed the reasons for conflictemergence in details, establishment an knowledge library. Conflict was soluted byusing rules inference machanism. A fast pattern-matching algorithm was used duringrules inference in order to raise frequency. Futhermore, lower time and spacecomplexity was expected during the conflict resolution procedure.3. Access control modelCollaborative design process also must provided safety mechanism, in order toprevents sharing data was illegal gained and modified. The paper has discussedspecific demands of access control mechanism in coollaborative design. Object setconcept was imported based on traditional access control mechanism RBAC model.Different designers were divided into different sets according to their differentattributes, obtained different visit authorization. Lower system complexity wasexpected.4. Data exchange modelDuring collaborative design, designers in different place needed realizingeffective resources sharing. Therefore data exchange between various sites wasneeded. The paper discussed XML technology, designed and realized a datamanagement system based on XML technology and increment transmission. Inaddition, through the present research of the actual network topology and existingtoplogy discovery technology, strengthen network robustness and tuneability fromoptimizing network topology was discussed. A safe and fast network model wasestablished.Chapter 6 summarized all achievemnets of this dissertation, reviews innovationpoints and deficiencyt, and gives the further work in the future.
多个设计者对共享信息进行并行操作必然会产生冲突,从而处理分布数据的一致性成为许多协同系统的关键问题。在一个共享的多用户环境中,为了避免冲突、增强有效性、确保成功的协作,协调用户的行为是至关重要的。
本论文通过深入研究协同设计过程中的多个用户同时访问共享资源时所采用的并发控制机制,总结国内外著名协同设计平台在开发过程和设计实践中遇到的普遍问题,对于协同设计并发控制的关键机制进行了探讨,丰富和发展了相关的关键技术。主要包括以下内容:
1、协同设计系统框架
在协同工作过程中,各部门之间工作趋于并行一体化,面向并行工程的协同设计系统要求在设计过程中按照设计者的实际需求定制,满足开放性和灵活性。基于这种要求,本论文通过分析协同支持环境、协同设计特点、协同工作模式和协作方式,及对面向并行工程的协同设计要求,建立了一个面向并行工程协同设计开放式的系统框架模型。
2、协同设计中的并发控制机制
本论文研究了传统并发控制策略的优缺点,结合工程设计的具体特点,设计实现了基于约束网络的冲突管理体系结构和基于规则推理的冲突消解体系结构。
在冲突检测方面,分析以约束网络为基础的协同设计冲突检测方法,建立约束网络,通过对约束满足求解确定设计过程是否一致。由于约束满足问题求解是一个搜索问题,因此在确定最终优化解的过程中,采用混沌优化策略,从而快速找到全局最优解,迅速判断冲突发生的时间和位置,提高搜索速度,实现简单,维护一致性,提高协同设计效率。
在冲突消解方面,分析协同设计中冲突产生的原因和冲突消解的技术,建立冲突消解知识库,运用规则推理机制解决冲突。并在规则推理过程中运用了一种快速的规则匹配算法,提高规则匹配效率,同时降低冲突消解的时间及空间复杂度。
3、访问控制模型
协同设计过程也必须提供安全机制,防止数据的非法获取和修改。本论文探讨了协同设计中访问控制机制的具体需求,在传统的访问控制机制RBAC模型基础上,引入客体集概念,将设计者按不同属性分成不同集合,在设计中获得不同的访问授权,降低系统复杂性。
4、数据交换模型
在协同设计中,异地设计者之间需要实现有效的资源共享,因此需要在各站点之间进行数据交换。本论文通过讨论XML技术的优点,设计实现了基于XML技术的增量式协同设计数据管理。此外,通过研究目前实际的网络拓扑结构及现
Along with computer technology, network technology and distributionaltechnical development, computer developed from single user working pattern tomulti-user collaborative work direction. Computer Supported CooperativeDesign(CSCD)came into being under this background, whose idea reflect thegroupware, interaction, distribution and cooperation of people's work mode in thenetwork. CSCD provieds the condition of communication and cooperation betweendesigners to support group work, which increases work efficiency and quality.
Different designers mainpulated the concurrent operation to the sharinginformation inevitably have the conflict occured. Managing the consistency ofdistributed data is a critical issue for many collaborative systems. In a sharingmulti-user environment, in order to avoid inconsistency, increase efficiency,guarantees the successful cooperation, it is important to coordinate the action ofdesign members.
Concurrency control mechanism is studied in depth which is used when multipleusers access sharing data simultaneously. Based on visited the platform to thedomestic and overseas famous collaborative design, some universal questions wassummarized which they met during design practice. In this paper, key mechanism ofconcurrent control during collaborative design was researched and discussed, enrichedand developed the related essential technology. The main contents are listed asfollowing:
1. Collaborative design system framework
In the process of collaborative design, works between various department tendedto parallel integration, collaboartive design system faced concurrent engineeringrequired customizing designs according to designer's actual demands, satisfiedopenness and flexibility. Based on this kind of request, the thesis analyzed cooperativeenvironment, collaborative design characteristic, cooperative work pattern, andconcurrent engineering oriented requests, an open style system framework model hasestablished.
2. Concurrency control mechanism in collaborative design
The paper stuedied the characteristics of engineering design, and traditionalconcurrent control methods, a conflict management system structure based onconstraint network and a conflict resolution system structure based on rule inferencehas been put forward and realized. In the conflict detection method, analyzed themethods for conflict detection based on constraint network during collaborativedesign. Using the constraint management system, established the constraint network,through satisfied the solution to make sure whethere the porcess is consistent. Becauseof constraint satisfies solution is a search question, therefore in the process whichconfirmed finally superiorly solution, chaos optimization method was used in order to
rapidly get global optimum solution and greatly improve convergence rate. Moreover,high consistency and executive frequency was expected.In the process of conflict solution, the paper analyzed the reasons for conflictemergence in details, establishment an knowledge library. Conflict was soluted byusing rules inference machanism. A fast pattern-matching algorithm was used duringrules inference in order to raise frequency. Futhermore, lower time and spacecomplexity was expected during the conflict resolution procedure.3. Access control modelCollaborative design process also must provided safety mechanism, in order toprevents sharing data was illegal gained and modified. The paper has discussedspecific demands of access control mechanism in coollaborative design. Object setconcept was imported based on traditional access control mechanism RBAC model.Different designers were divided into different sets according to their differentattributes, obtained different visit authorization. Lower system complexity wasexpected.4. Data exchange modelDuring collaborative design, designers in different place needed realizingeffective resources sharing. Therefore data exchange between various sites wasneeded. The paper discussed XML technology, designed and realized a datamanagement system based on XML technology and increment transmission. Inaddition, through the present research of the actual network topology and existingtoplogy discovery technology, strengthen network robustness and tuneability fromoptimizing network topology was discussed. A safe and fast network model wasestablished.Chapter 6 summarized all achievemnets of this dissertation, reviews innovationpoints and deficiencyt, and gives the further work in the future.
引文
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