中小企业成长中的平衡关系
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摘要
我国的中小企业群体在促进创新、提供就业、推动经济增长等多方面都显示了巨大的生机与活力，但大量的中小企业在经历在一段时间的快速成长之后，陷入成长停滞的困境，甚至成长失败。本论文针对中小企业成长失衡与成长停滞问题，从挖掘中小企业成长实质与成长中的一般规律性入手，通过对中小企业成长中平衡关系的研究，对中小企业快速、持续成长提出平衡成长对策。
本论文的引言部分，对企业成长理论进行了简要的批评性回顾。从回顾中，我们追溯了平衡成长思想的起源与演变，并在综述前人研究的基础上，提出本论文的研究设计。
第二章对中小企业成长的实质与成长中的平衡关系进行了论述。我们认为，对资源平衡利用的追求促成了企业成长；作为一个管理问题，谋求平衡是中小企业为实现成长目标而在管理上的一种深刻处理，是对中小企业内外部各种复杂关系进行平衡处理的动态过程，其中包含了成长“量”与“质”的双向平衡。
第三章是本论文的主体部分。分八节从规模、市场(行业)、区域、融资能力、管理能力、精神成长、企业家、经营环境等相互关联的方面出发，分别对其平衡关系进行论述。这些个平衡关系分别是：中小企业生产能力与市场能力的平衡；中小企业内部扩张冲动与行业发展时机的平衡；中小企业国内发展与国际发展的平衡；中小企业成长与融资能力的平衡；中小企业规模扩张与管理水平提升的平衡；中小企业物质成长与精神成长的平衡；中小企业成长与企业家成长的平衡；中小企业成长与经营环境的平衡。在探讨中小企业成长失衡成因的基础上提出相应的平衡成长对策。
第四章是本论文的结论部分。在该部分里，我们将对论文的创新与不足之处加以总结，并提出后续研究的方向。
Small businesses are well recognized and acknowledged as vital and significant contributors to economic development, job creation, and the general health and welfare of economies in China. But in the fact, a great deal of small business faces a stagnant dilemma, even failure after short rapid growth. So in this essay we focuses on the stagnant growth of small business, researches the nature and equilibrium relations of small business growth and put forward the tactics how to obtain and sustain growth for small business.
There is a simple critical review of past growth theory in the preface. This section traces back to the origin and evolution of the equilibrium growth thought and provides the research design on the basis of summaries.
The second chapter researches on the nature and equilibrium relations of small business growth. We deem that growth is the process which small business pursues to utilize resource in equilibrium. As a management question, it is the challenge to small business to achieve the growth objectives. Small business growth is a dynamic process tackling the various complex relations including the dial-dimension equilibrium.
The third chapter is the main body of the whole essay. We research the important equilibrium relations from eight relevant aspects. That is: the equilibrium between the manufacture capacity and marketing capacity; the equilibrium between inner scale increasing and industry evolving opportunity; the equilibrium between domestic growth and international growth; the equilibrium between small business growth and financing competence; the equilibrium between the scale increasing and management competence improving; the equilibrium between culture growth and material growth; the equilibrium between the small business growth and entrepreneur growth; the equilibrium between small business growth and environment. After analyzing the cause, we put forward the equilibrium strategies.
The final chapter is the conclusion of the essay. In this section, we give a summary of the whole essay which points out our innovation insufficiencies and offer insights into promising directions for future research.
本论文的引言部分，对企业成长理论进行了简要的批评性回顾。从回顾中，我们追溯了平衡成长思想的起源与演变，并在综述前人研究的基础上，提出本论文的研究设计。
第二章对中小企业成长的实质与成长中的平衡关系进行了论述。我们认为，对资源平衡利用的追求促成了企业成长；作为一个管理问题，谋求平衡是中小企业为实现成长目标而在管理上的一种深刻处理，是对中小企业内外部各种复杂关系进行平衡处理的动态过程，其中包含了成长“量”与“质”的双向平衡。
第三章是本论文的主体部分。分八节从规模、市场(行业)、区域、融资能力、管理能力、精神成长、企业家、经营环境等相互关联的方面出发，分别对其平衡关系进行论述。这些个平衡关系分别是：中小企业生产能力与市场能力的平衡；中小企业内部扩张冲动与行业发展时机的平衡；中小企业国内发展与国际发展的平衡；中小企业成长与融资能力的平衡；中小企业规模扩张与管理水平提升的平衡；中小企业物质成长与精神成长的平衡；中小企业成长与企业家成长的平衡；中小企业成长与经营环境的平衡。在探讨中小企业成长失衡成因的基础上提出相应的平衡成长对策。
第四章是本论文的结论部分。在该部分里，我们将对论文的创新与不足之处加以总结，并提出后续研究的方向。
Small businesses are well recognized and acknowledged as vital and significant contributors to economic development, job creation, and the general health and welfare of economies in China. But in the fact, a great deal of small business faces a stagnant dilemma, even failure after short rapid growth. So in this essay we focuses on the stagnant growth of small business, researches the nature and equilibrium relations of small business growth and put forward the tactics how to obtain and sustain growth for small business.
There is a simple critical review of past growth theory in the preface. This section traces back to the origin and evolution of the equilibrium growth thought and provides the research design on the basis of summaries.
The second chapter researches on the nature and equilibrium relations of small business growth. We deem that growth is the process which small business pursues to utilize resource in equilibrium. As a management question, it is the challenge to small business to achieve the growth objectives. Small business growth is a dynamic process tackling the various complex relations including the dial-dimension equilibrium.
The third chapter is the main body of the whole essay. We research the important equilibrium relations from eight relevant aspects. That is: the equilibrium between the manufacture capacity and marketing capacity; the equilibrium between inner scale increasing and industry evolving opportunity; the equilibrium between domestic growth and international growth; the equilibrium between small business growth and financing competence; the equilibrium between the scale increasing and management competence improving; the equilibrium between culture growth and material growth; the equilibrium between the small business growth and entrepreneur growth; the equilibrium between small business growth and environment. After analyzing the cause, we put forward the equilibrium strategies.
The final chapter is the conclusion of the essay. In this section, we give a summary of the whole essay which points out our innovation insufficiencies and offer insights into promising directions for future research.
引文
[1] 陈乃醒．中国中小企业发展与预测．北京：民主与建设出版社，2003
[2] 陈乃醒．中小企业经营与发展．北京：经济管理出版社，1999
[3] 成思危．复杂性科学探索．北京：民主与建设出版社，1999年
[4] 高程德．现代公司理论．北京：北京大学出版社，2000
[5] 高鸿业．西方经济学(上册)．北京：中国经济出版社，1996
[6] 国家经贸委中小企业司等．2003年中国非公经济成长型中小企业发展报告．中国中小企业网：http://www.cnsme.com，2003
[7] 国家经贸委中小企业司等．成长中小企业发展报告．中国中小企业网：http://www.cnsme.com，2001
[8] 梁能．跨国经营概论．上海：上海人民出版社，1995
[9] 林汉川，魏中奇．中小企业存在理论评述．经济学动态，2000第4期
[10] 林汉川，魏中奇．中小企业存在与发展．上海：上海财经大学出版社，2001
[11] 刘国光．中小企业成长．北京：民主与建设出版社，2001．
[12] 邱国栋．小企业：你是否利用了五种生存空间．经济日报，1999年9月12日
[13] 石滋宜．利基策略——中小企业制胜之道．北京：三联书店，2002
[14] 孙学敏，任远星．中小企业成长理论综述．孙学敏，编．中小企业成长与战略问题研究．郑州：郑州大学出版社，2003
[15] 孙学敏．开放架构下的中小企业管理论丛．郑州：郑州大学出版社，2003
[16] 孙学敏．企业创建·运行·发展．北京：经济管理出版社，1997
[17] 孙学敏．中小企业改制与绩效提升．改革与理论，2002年第9期
[18] 王玉．企业进化的战略研究．上海：上海财经大学出版社，1997
[19] 杨杜．企业成长论．北京：中国人民大学出版社，1996
[20] 袁礼斌．关于中小企业发展的几个基本理论问题．经济学动态，2000第1期
[21] 张维迎．成长的经验．上海：上海远东出版社，1999
[22] 张维迎．企业的企业家——契约理论．上海：上海三联书店、上海人民出版社，1995
[23] 张玉利，任学锋．小企业成长的管理障碍．天津：天津大学出版社，2001
[24] 张玉利，徐海林．企业成长管理九讲．天津：天津人民出版社，2003
[25] 张玉利．企业家型企业的创业与快速成长．天津：南开大学出版社，2003
[26] 周晖．企业生命模型初探．中国软科学，2000年第12期
[27] [丹麦]克里斯蒂安·克努森．企业能力理论的历史回顾．载于企业万能 面向企业能力理论(中译本)．大连：东北财经大学出版社，1998
[28] [美]蒂蒙斯．快速成长(中译本)．北京：华夏出版社，1999
[29] [美]蒂蒙斯．战略与商业机会(中译本)．北京：华夏出版社，1999
[30] [美]弗莱姆兹．增长的痛苦(中译本)．北京：中国经济出版社，1998
[31] [美]库伦．跨国管理：战略要径(中译本)．北京：机械工业出版社，2003
[32] [美]乔治·G·温齐默．快速成长——如何获得并保持快速成长(中译本)．北京：经济管理出版社，2003
[33] [英]巴罗．小型企业(中译本)．北京：中信出版社，1998
[34] [英]科斯．企业、市场与法律．(中译本)，上海：上海三联书店．1990
[35] [英]马歇尔．经济学原理(中译本)，北京：商务印刷馆．1964
[36] [英]亚当·约里．成长型公司——全程案例和操作实务(中译本)．北京：华夏出版社，2004
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[38] Calof J C. (1993), "The Impact of Size on Internationalization", Journal of Small Business Management, October, 60-70.
[39] Churchill and Lewis. "The Five Stages of Small Business Growth." Harvard Business Review. May-June. 1983.
[40] Churchill, N. C. and Lewis, V. L. (1983) "Growing Concerns', Harvard Business Review, May.
[41] Edith t.Penorse: The Theory of the Growth of The Firm, Basil Black-well & Mo L td.1959
[42] Eileen Fischer and A. Rebecca Reuber, "Support for Rapid-Growth Firms: A Comparison of the Views of Founders, Government Policymakers, and Private Sector Resource Providers", Journal of Small Business Management 2003 41(4), pp. 346-365
[43] Gerhard Apfelthaler (2000) "Why small enterprises invest abroad: The case of four Austrian small firms with U.S. operations. "Journal of small business management, July, 92-98.
[44] Gray, C. (2000). "Formality, Intentionality, and Planning: Features of Successful Entrepreneurial SMEs in the Future?" paper presented at the ICSB World Conference 2000, Brisbane, Australia, June.
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[46] Hema Wijewardena and Shiran Cooray. Determinants of growth in small Japanese
manufacturing firms: survey evidence from Kobe. Journal of Small Business Management. 87-92. October. 1995.
[47] Ibrahim. A.B., and J.R.Goodwin(1986).'Perceived Causes of success in Small Business,' American Journal of Small Business 11 (2),41-50.
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[2] 陈乃醒．中小企业经营与发展．北京：经济管理出版社，1999
[3] 成思危．复杂性科学探索．北京：民主与建设出版社，1999年
[4] 高程德．现代公司理论．北京：北京大学出版社，2000
[5] 高鸿业．西方经济学(上册)．北京：中国经济出版社，1996
[6] 国家经贸委中小企业司等．2003年中国非公经济成长型中小企业发展报告．中国中小企业网：http://www.cnsme.com，2003
[7] 国家经贸委中小企业司等．成长中小企业发展报告．中国中小企业网：http://www.cnsme.com，2001
[8] 梁能．跨国经营概论．上海：上海人民出版社，1995
[9] 林汉川，魏中奇．中小企业存在理论评述．经济学动态，2000第4期
[10] 林汉川，魏中奇．中小企业存在与发展．上海：上海财经大学出版社，2001
[11] 刘国光．中小企业成长．北京：民主与建设出版社，2001．
[12] 邱国栋．小企业：你是否利用了五种生存空间．经济日报，1999年9月12日
[13] 石滋宜．利基策略——中小企业制胜之道．北京：三联书店，2002
[14] 孙学敏，任远星．中小企业成长理论综述．孙学敏，编．中小企业成长与战略问题研究．郑州：郑州大学出版社，2003
[15] 孙学敏．开放架构下的中小企业管理论丛．郑州：郑州大学出版社，2003
[16] 孙学敏．企业创建·运行·发展．北京：经济管理出版社，1997
[17] 孙学敏．中小企业改制与绩效提升．改革与理论，2002年第9期
[18] 王玉．企业进化的战略研究．上海：上海财经大学出版社，1997
[19] 杨杜．企业成长论．北京：中国人民大学出版社，1996
[20] 袁礼斌．关于中小企业发展的几个基本理论问题．经济学动态，2000第1期
[21] 张维迎．成长的经验．上海：上海远东出版社，1999
[22] 张维迎．企业的企业家——契约理论．上海：上海三联书店、上海人民出版社，1995
[23] 张玉利，任学锋．小企业成长的管理障碍．天津：天津大学出版社，2001
[24] 张玉利，徐海林．企业成长管理九讲．天津：天津人民出版社，2003
[25] 张玉利．企业家型企业的创业与快速成长．天津：南开大学出版社，2003
[26] 周晖．企业生命模型初探．中国软科学，2000年第12期
[27] [丹麦]克里斯蒂安·克努森．企业能力理论的历史回顾．载于企业万能 面向企业能力理论(中译本)．大连：东北财经大学出版社，1998
[28] [美]蒂蒙斯．快速成长(中译本)．北京：华夏出版社，1999
[29] [美]蒂蒙斯．战略与商业机会(中译本)．北京：华夏出版社，1999
[30] [美]弗莱姆兹．增长的痛苦(中译本)．北京：中国经济出版社，1998
[31] [美]库伦．跨国管理：战略要径(中译本)．北京：机械工业出版社，2003
[32] [美]乔治·G·温齐默．快速成长——如何获得并保持快速成长(中译本)．北京：经济管理出版社，2003
[33] [英]巴罗．小型企业(中译本)．北京：中信出版社，1998
[34] [英]科斯．企业、市场与法律．(中译本)，上海：上海三联书店．1990
[35] [英]马歇尔．经济学原理(中译本)，北京：商务印刷馆．1964
[36] [英]亚当·约里．成长型公司——全程案例和操作实务(中译本)．北京：华夏出版社，2004
[37] Brockaw, L. (1993) 'The Truth about Start-Ups', Inc., 15(3), 56±64.
[38] Calof J C. (1993), "The Impact of Size on Internationalization", Journal of Small Business Management, October, 60-70.
[39] Churchill and Lewis. "The Five Stages of Small Business Growth." Harvard Business Review. May-June. 1983.
[40] Churchill, N. C. and Lewis, V. L. (1983) "Growing Concerns', Harvard Business Review, May.
[41] Edith t.Penorse: The Theory of the Growth of The Firm, Basil Black-well & Mo L td.1959
[42] Eileen Fischer and A. Rebecca Reuber, "Support for Rapid-Growth Firms: A Comparison of the Views of Founders, Government Policymakers, and Private Sector Resource Providers", Journal of Small Business Management 2003 41(4), pp. 346-365
[43] Gerhard Apfelthaler (2000) "Why small enterprises invest abroad: The case of four Austrian small firms with U.S. operations. "Journal of small business management, July, 92-98.
[44] Gray, C. (2000). "Formality, Intentionality, and Planning: Features of Successful Entrepreneurial SMEs in the Future?" paper presented at the ICSB World Conference 2000, Brisbane, Australia, June.
[45] Hansen, E.L. (2001). Resource acquisition as a startup process: Initial stocks of social capital and organizational foundings, http://www.babson.edu/entrep/fer/Ⅳ/ⅣB/html/Iv-B.html.(accessed 10/13/01)
[46] Hema Wijewardena and Shiran Cooray. Determinants of growth in small Japanese
manufacturing firms: survey evidence from Kobe. Journal of Small Business Management. 87-92. October. 1995.
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