振动筛分过程的三维离散元法模拟研究
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摘要
筛分是颗粒物质尺寸分离的主要技术之一,是实现节能减排的源头技术,广泛地应用于矿物加工等多个散体工业领域中。筛分过程是一个极为复杂的随机过程,限于物理试验技术的发展水平,至今仍缺少对筛分过程中振动筛面上颗粒群的运动及透筛等基本机理的深入认识。因此,本文基于三维离散元法对颗粒物质的振动分层和筛分过程进行了系统的数值模拟研究,以期为深入理解颗粒物质的分层机理、完善筛分理论、提出新筛分理论和研制新型筛分设备提供理论依据。本文的主要研究成果如下:
利用高速动态分析系统对单颗粒的自由落体及颗粒群的振动分层过程进行了实验研究。实验结果与采用真实物理参数的三维离散元法模拟结果相一致,验证了三维离散元法的有效性和可靠性。
利用三维离散元法对球形及非球形颗粒的振动分层过程进行了深入的数值模拟研究。分析了振动参数对分层速度的影响规律,获得了实现快速分层时的振幅、振动强度及粒度比的最佳值。以颗粒间的作用力及动能的变化规律为依据,探索了非球形颗粒的分层机理,阐明了非球形颗粒较球形颗粒活跃的原因,补充了不同振动模式下的颗粒分层理论,提出了综合运用空隙填充、侧面驱动的颗粒运动和能量非均匀分布三种机理,并结合颗粒群的速度矢量分布情况解释不同振动模式下颗粒分离行为的方法。
对直线、圆和椭圆三种模式的振动筛分过程进行了系统的三维离散元法模拟研究。提出了动态筛分效率的概念,得到了振幅、抛掷指数、振动方向角、筛面倾角等振动参数与筛面颗粒群的平均运动速度之间,以及筛面长度与动态筛分效率之间的回归关系式,阐明了振动参数对筛分过程的影响机理,并获得了实现最佳筛分时的振动参数值,丰富了颗粒物质的振动筛分理论,为传统筛分机的优化设计和新型筛分设备的研制提供了理论依据。
对等厚筛分过程进行了深入的三维离散元法模拟研究。揭示了等厚筛分过程中筛面颗粒的运动特征及透筛机理,阐明了筛面几何参数、振动参数及振动模式对等厚筛分过程的影响规律,获得了等厚筛分效果最佳时的筛面起始角、筛面倾角增量及筛面段数值,得到了较小的振动强度和振幅有利于提高筛分效率,在其值过小时,筛面颗粒群容易发生堆积,以及椭圆较直线和圆振动模式的筛分效率高等结论,明确了筛面长度与筛分效率之间的关系,为等厚筛分机的优化设计和合理操作提供了理论依据。
为揭示颗粒形状对筛分过程的影响机理,本文对胶囊形和块状颗粒的等厚筛分过程进行了深入的数值模拟研究。研究结果表明,球形颗粒能够较充分地体现颗粒尺寸大小对筛分过程的影响作用,而非球形颗粒由于受力情况复杂、休止角和失效角增大、抗剪切能力、颗粒间堆积及自锁效应增强,从而影响了筛面物料的输送、分层和透筛效果。
为了实现真实物料颗粒的精确模拟,本文基于分形理论提出了一种新的矿物颗粒分形仿真算法。运行结果表明,该算法能够生成较逼真的煤炭颗粒,为进一步提高颗粒物质三维DEM数值模拟研究的精度提供了新方法。
Screening is an important technology for separation of particles according to their sizes. Screening is also the source technology to realize energy saving and emission reduction, which has been widely used in many granular media industries, such as mineral process and so on. Screening process is a very complicated stochastic process. However, as the limited development level of physical testing techniques, we still lack insight understanding of the fundamental mechanism of particle motion and penetrating in screening process. So, this paper presents a systematic numerical study of the granular material segregation and vibration screening process by means of three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) to provide theoretical basis for better understanding segregation mechanism, improving screening theory, proposing new screening method and developing new screening equipment. The key findings of this paper are as follows:
Experimental studies of single particle free-falling and particles vibration segregating process were carried out using high-speed dynamic analysis system. DEM simulation results with real physical parameters were consistent with experimental results and the validity and reliability of 3D DEM were validated.
Thorough numerical simulation studies of spherical and non-spherical particles vibration segregation process were carried out using 3D DEM. The influence of vibration parameters on segregation speed was analyzed. The optimum values of vibration amplitude, vibration intensity and size ratio for achieving fast segregation were obtained. On the basis of the changes of forces and kinetic energy between particles, segregation mechanism of non-spherical particles was explored and the reason that non-spherical particles were more active than spherical particles was also elucidated. Particle segregation theory in different vibration modes was supplemented. The method to explain particle segregation behaviors in different vibration modes was proposed, which is a comprehensive application of three mechanisms: void filling, sidewall-driven transport of particles and non-equipartition of energy, and the distribution of particle velocity vectors.
Systematic numerical studies of linear, circular and elliptical vibration screening processes using 3D DEM were conducted. The concept of dynamic screening efficiency was proposed. Regression equations between amplitude, throwing index, vibration direction angel, inclination of screen deck and particle average velocity on the screen deck, screen deck length and the dynamic screening efficiency were obtained. Influence mechanism of vibration parameters on the screening process was elucidated. And the optimum values of vibration parameters for achieving the best screening performance were also obtained. Particulate matter vibration screening theory which can provide theoretical basis for the optimization of conventional screening machine and the development of new screening equipment was enriched.
Thorough numerical simulation studies of banana screening process were carried out using 3D DEM. The motion characteristics and penetrating mechanisms of particles on the screen deck were revealed. Effects of geometric and vibrational parameters of screen deck and vibration modes on banana screening process were elucidated. The optimum values of initial angle of screen deck, increment of screen deck inclination, screen deck numbers were obtained when best screening performance was gotten. The following conclusions, such as smaller vibration intensity and amplitude will help improve screening efficiency, but the values are too small, accumulation of particles on the screen deck will occur, screening performance of elliptical vibration mode was better than linear and circular vibration modes were obtained. The relationship between screen deck length and screening efficiency was further confirmed, which can provide theoretical basis for the optimization of banana screen and reasonable operation.
This paper presented a thorough numerical study of capsule shaped and bulk particles banana screening process for revealing the influence mechanism of particle shape on screening process. The results show that spherical particles can well embody the size influence on screening process. And non-spherical particles got bad effects of transportation, segregation and penetration due to complicated forces, increased repose and failure angle, increased anti-shear ability, packing and self-locking effect.
A new mineral fractal simulation algorithm based on the fractal theory was proposed in this paper in order to achieve simulating real particle materials. The result shows that the algorithm can generate more realistic coal particles which can provide a new method to further improve the accuracy of particulate matter numerical simulation using 3D DEM.
利用高速动态分析系统对单颗粒的自由落体及颗粒群的振动分层过程进行了实验研究。实验结果与采用真实物理参数的三维离散元法模拟结果相一致,验证了三维离散元法的有效性和可靠性。
利用三维离散元法对球形及非球形颗粒的振动分层过程进行了深入的数值模拟研究。分析了振动参数对分层速度的影响规律,获得了实现快速分层时的振幅、振动强度及粒度比的最佳值。以颗粒间的作用力及动能的变化规律为依据,探索了非球形颗粒的分层机理,阐明了非球形颗粒较球形颗粒活跃的原因,补充了不同振动模式下的颗粒分层理论,提出了综合运用空隙填充、侧面驱动的颗粒运动和能量非均匀分布三种机理,并结合颗粒群的速度矢量分布情况解释不同振动模式下颗粒分离行为的方法。
对直线、圆和椭圆三种模式的振动筛分过程进行了系统的三维离散元法模拟研究。提出了动态筛分效率的概念,得到了振幅、抛掷指数、振动方向角、筛面倾角等振动参数与筛面颗粒群的平均运动速度之间,以及筛面长度与动态筛分效率之间的回归关系式,阐明了振动参数对筛分过程的影响机理,并获得了实现最佳筛分时的振动参数值,丰富了颗粒物质的振动筛分理论,为传统筛分机的优化设计和新型筛分设备的研制提供了理论依据。
对等厚筛分过程进行了深入的三维离散元法模拟研究。揭示了等厚筛分过程中筛面颗粒的运动特征及透筛机理,阐明了筛面几何参数、振动参数及振动模式对等厚筛分过程的影响规律,获得了等厚筛分效果最佳时的筛面起始角、筛面倾角增量及筛面段数值,得到了较小的振动强度和振幅有利于提高筛分效率,在其值过小时,筛面颗粒群容易发生堆积,以及椭圆较直线和圆振动模式的筛分效率高等结论,明确了筛面长度与筛分效率之间的关系,为等厚筛分机的优化设计和合理操作提供了理论依据。
为揭示颗粒形状对筛分过程的影响机理,本文对胶囊形和块状颗粒的等厚筛分过程进行了深入的数值模拟研究。研究结果表明,球形颗粒能够较充分地体现颗粒尺寸大小对筛分过程的影响作用,而非球形颗粒由于受力情况复杂、休止角和失效角增大、抗剪切能力、颗粒间堆积及自锁效应增强,从而影响了筛面物料的输送、分层和透筛效果。
为了实现真实物料颗粒的精确模拟,本文基于分形理论提出了一种新的矿物颗粒分形仿真算法。运行结果表明,该算法能够生成较逼真的煤炭颗粒,为进一步提高颗粒物质三维DEM数值模拟研究的精度提供了新方法。
Screening is an important technology for separation of particles according to their sizes. Screening is also the source technology to realize energy saving and emission reduction, which has been widely used in many granular media industries, such as mineral process and so on. Screening process is a very complicated stochastic process. However, as the limited development level of physical testing techniques, we still lack insight understanding of the fundamental mechanism of particle motion and penetrating in screening process. So, this paper presents a systematic numerical study of the granular material segregation and vibration screening process by means of three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) to provide theoretical basis for better understanding segregation mechanism, improving screening theory, proposing new screening method and developing new screening equipment. The key findings of this paper are as follows:
Experimental studies of single particle free-falling and particles vibration segregating process were carried out using high-speed dynamic analysis system. DEM simulation results with real physical parameters were consistent with experimental results and the validity and reliability of 3D DEM were validated.
Thorough numerical simulation studies of spherical and non-spherical particles vibration segregation process were carried out using 3D DEM. The influence of vibration parameters on segregation speed was analyzed. The optimum values of vibration amplitude, vibration intensity and size ratio for achieving fast segregation were obtained. On the basis of the changes of forces and kinetic energy between particles, segregation mechanism of non-spherical particles was explored and the reason that non-spherical particles were more active than spherical particles was also elucidated. Particle segregation theory in different vibration modes was supplemented. The method to explain particle segregation behaviors in different vibration modes was proposed, which is a comprehensive application of three mechanisms: void filling, sidewall-driven transport of particles and non-equipartition of energy, and the distribution of particle velocity vectors.
Systematic numerical studies of linear, circular and elliptical vibration screening processes using 3D DEM were conducted. The concept of dynamic screening efficiency was proposed. Regression equations between amplitude, throwing index, vibration direction angel, inclination of screen deck and particle average velocity on the screen deck, screen deck length and the dynamic screening efficiency were obtained. Influence mechanism of vibration parameters on the screening process was elucidated. And the optimum values of vibration parameters for achieving the best screening performance were also obtained. Particulate matter vibration screening theory which can provide theoretical basis for the optimization of conventional screening machine and the development of new screening equipment was enriched.
Thorough numerical simulation studies of banana screening process were carried out using 3D DEM. The motion characteristics and penetrating mechanisms of particles on the screen deck were revealed. Effects of geometric and vibrational parameters of screen deck and vibration modes on banana screening process were elucidated. The optimum values of initial angle of screen deck, increment of screen deck inclination, screen deck numbers were obtained when best screening performance was gotten. The following conclusions, such as smaller vibration intensity and amplitude will help improve screening efficiency, but the values are too small, accumulation of particles on the screen deck will occur, screening performance of elliptical vibration mode was better than linear and circular vibration modes were obtained. The relationship between screen deck length and screening efficiency was further confirmed, which can provide theoretical basis for the optimization of banana screen and reasonable operation.
This paper presented a thorough numerical study of capsule shaped and bulk particles banana screening process for revealing the influence mechanism of particle shape on screening process. The results show that spherical particles can well embody the size influence on screening process. And non-spherical particles got bad effects of transportation, segregation and penetration due to complicated forces, increased repose and failure angle, increased anti-shear ability, packing and self-locking effect.
A new mineral fractal simulation algorithm based on the fractal theory was proposed in this paper in order to achieve simulating real particle materials. The result shows that the algorithm can generate more realistic coal particles which can provide a new method to further improve the accuracy of particulate matter numerical simulation using 3D DEM.
引文
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