载重80吨自翻车结构分析及轻量化设计的研究
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摘要
我国铁路货物运输中散装货物所占比重较大,约占货运量的60%,但其装卸(特别是卸货)机械化程度较低。自翻车是一种将卸货设备和车辆结构结合在一起的专用车辆,大力发展自翻车可以有效提高我国货运能力。为提高我国自翻车的分析及设计水平,本文主要做了以下方面的研究:
1.以石家庄车辆有限公司设计的载重80t气动自翻车为研究对象,建立了三维模型。分析自翻车的倾翻稳定性,结果表明其稳定性良好。并对影响倾翻稳定性的因素进行了分析,提出了提高稳定性的措施。
2.依据《铁道车辆强度设计及试验鉴定规范》,进行了结构刚度、强度分析,结果符合要求但车箱设计趋于保守。结合自翻车受载特点,分析车体高应力区域产生的原因,并对自翻车结构设计提出了建议。
3.基于车箱的有限元分析结果,将轻量化设计理论及方法引入车箱的结构设计,完成了车箱的优化设计,使质量减轻量为10.38%,效果明显。优化后对车箱稳定性、强度和刚度再次进行校核,证明了轻量化设计的合理性。
China railway transport undertakes a heavy task, which is especially important on the Carriage of Goods. Bulk cargoes in the transport of goods account for a large proportion of about 60%. Loading and unloading (especially in unloading) equipments are less mechanized. Self-dumping car is a car combining unloading equipments and vehicle structures. Developing self-dumping car can greatly improve the transport capacity of our country. In order to improve the analysis and design level of the self-dumping car, the paper did the following research:
1. Based on the 80t self-dumping car designed by Shijiazhuang Vehicles Corporation, the paper established three-dimensional model. After this work, the paper analyzed the stability of the self-dumping car during the unloading process, and finds it has a good stability. Based on this, it analyzed the factors which affects the stability of the car in order to give the measures to improve the stability.
2. According to the TB/T1335-1996, the paper analyzed the car's stiffness and strength. The results showed that: the design of the self-dumping car meeted the requirements but the car tended to conservative. According to the loading characteristics of the self-dumping car, the paper analyzed the reasons resulting in high stress and gave some design suggestions of the self-dumping car.
3. In the light of the results of the finite element analysis, the paper introduced the theory and methodology into the structural optimization of the self-dumping car. After the process of optimization, the mass of the car body is reduced 10.38%.Finally, the stability, strength and stiffness of the optimized model was checked which testifies the reasonable of the light weight design.
1.以石家庄车辆有限公司设计的载重80t气动自翻车为研究对象,建立了三维模型。分析自翻车的倾翻稳定性,结果表明其稳定性良好。并对影响倾翻稳定性的因素进行了分析,提出了提高稳定性的措施。
2.依据《铁道车辆强度设计及试验鉴定规范》,进行了结构刚度、强度分析,结果符合要求但车箱设计趋于保守。结合自翻车受载特点,分析车体高应力区域产生的原因,并对自翻车结构设计提出了建议。
3.基于车箱的有限元分析结果,将轻量化设计理论及方法引入车箱的结构设计,完成了车箱的优化设计,使质量减轻量为10.38%,效果明显。优化后对车箱稳定性、强度和刚度再次进行校核,证明了轻量化设计的合理性。
China railway transport undertakes a heavy task, which is especially important on the Carriage of Goods. Bulk cargoes in the transport of goods account for a large proportion of about 60%. Loading and unloading (especially in unloading) equipments are less mechanized. Self-dumping car is a car combining unloading equipments and vehicle structures. Developing self-dumping car can greatly improve the transport capacity of our country. In order to improve the analysis and design level of the self-dumping car, the paper did the following research:
1. Based on the 80t self-dumping car designed by Shijiazhuang Vehicles Corporation, the paper established three-dimensional model. After this work, the paper analyzed the stability of the self-dumping car during the unloading process, and finds it has a good stability. Based on this, it analyzed the factors which affects the stability of the car in order to give the measures to improve the stability.
2. According to the TB/T1335-1996, the paper analyzed the car's stiffness and strength. The results showed that: the design of the self-dumping car meeted the requirements but the car tended to conservative. According to the loading characteristics of the self-dumping car, the paper analyzed the reasons resulting in high stress and gave some design suggestions of the self-dumping car.
3. In the light of the results of the finite element analysis, the paper introduced the theory and methodology into the structural optimization of the self-dumping car. After the process of optimization, the mass of the car body is reduced 10.38%.Finally, the stability, strength and stiffness of the optimized model was checked which testifies the reasonable of the light weight design.
引文
[1]张俊克,居晓然,吕俊超,黄元琳,许秀峰.谈我国自动倾翻车的发展.中国铁道学会铁路货车学术会议论文集,2000.78-86.
[2]张俊克,宋晓庆.自翻车设计中几个问题的探讨.铁道车辆.1997.35(9):29-34.
[3]王国军.自翻车的发展及结构优化的研究.铁道机车车辆工人.2008.(6):1-5.
[4]许秀峰.对我国自动倾翻车发展的建议.2008
[5]冀俊丽,冯永顺,赵屹,程平.KF60AK型自翻车.铁道车辆.2005.43(8):24-26.
[6]范承浩,李笑红.静载铁路货车重车重心高理论计算与分析.铁道货运.2007.(3):30-33.
[7]胡仁喜,闫彩霞,彭卫平.Pro/Engineer Wildfire 2.0中文版机械设计高级应用实例.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[8]张润泽.K4-60型自翻车倾翻稳定性探讨.铁道车辆.1990.(2):7-10.
[9]张煜.KF60H型自翻车卸货时倾覆稳定性计算与分析.企业技术开发.2005.24(12):41-42.
[10]任尊松.车辆系统动力学.北京:中国铁道出版社,2007
[11]国家标准.GB/T5599-85铁道车辆动力学性能评定和试验鉴定规范.北京:中华人民共和国,1985
[12]佘翊妮.基于有限元的客车车身结构分析[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2003
[13]Saeed Moaveni.Finite Element Anslysis.北京:电子工业出版社,2008
[14]韩西,钟历,李博.有限元分析在结构分析和计算机仿真中的应用.重庆交通学院学报.2001.(20):124-125.
[15]张永刚.有限元法发展及其应用.科技情报开发与经济.2007.17(11):178-179.
[16]吴仁恩.基于ANSYS的铝合金车体结构有限元分析研究[硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2008
[17]王焕定,焦兆平.有限元法基础.北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[18]杜平安,甘娥忠,于亚婷.有限元法——原理、建模及应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[19]博弈创作室.ANSYS9.0经典产品基础教程与实例分析.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006
[20]宾婵慧.61t集装箱专用平车车体多目标结构优化设计[硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2007
[21]杜平安.建立有限元模型的基本原则.机械与电子.2001.(4):40-42.
[22]石家庄车辆有限公司.载重80t任务设计书.
[23]钟日铭.Pro/ENGINEER野火版3.0完全实例导航.北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[24]ANSYS HELP DOCUMENT
[25]王明强,朱永梅,刘文欣.有限元网格划分方法应用研究.机械设计与制造.2004.(1):22-24.
[26]于开平,周传月,谭惠丰等.Hypermesh从入门到精通.北京:科学出版社,2005
[27]王其光.翼展车厢有限元分析及轻量化设计[硕士学位论文].烟台:烟台大学,2007
[28]刘鸿文.材料力学.北京:高等教育出版社,2004
[29]中华人民共和国铁道部标准.TB/T1335-1996铁道车辆强度设计及试验鉴定规范.北京:中华人民共和国铁道部,1996.
[30]王玉艳.准高速客车发电车车体轻量化研究[硕士学位论文].大连:大连交通大学,2005
[31]D.Spath,W.Neithardt,C.Bangert.Integration of Topology and Shape Optimization in the Design Process.
[32]E.Barbieri and-M.Lomhardi.Minimum weight shape and size optimization of truss structures made of uncertain materials.Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization.1998.16(2):147-154
[33]博弈创作室.ANSYS9.0经典产品高级分析技术与实例详解.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006
[34]严云.基于ANSYS参数化没计语言的结构优化设计.华东交通大学学报.2004.21(4):52-55
[35]博弈创作室.APDL参数化有限元分析技术及其应用实例.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005
[36]王学文,杨兆建,段雷ANSYS优化没计若干问题的探讨.塑性工程学报.2007.14(6):181-183.
[37]李湘宁,余传文,赵旗.应用 ANSYS进行汽车车架结构优化设计的探讨.沈阳航空工业学院学报.2006.23(3):20-23.
[38]龚曙光,谢贵兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[2]张俊克,宋晓庆.自翻车设计中几个问题的探讨.铁道车辆.1997.35(9):29-34.
[3]王国军.自翻车的发展及结构优化的研究.铁道机车车辆工人.2008.(6):1-5.
[4]许秀峰.对我国自动倾翻车发展的建议.2008
[5]冀俊丽,冯永顺,赵屹,程平.KF60AK型自翻车.铁道车辆.2005.43(8):24-26.
[6]范承浩,李笑红.静载铁路货车重车重心高理论计算与分析.铁道货运.2007.(3):30-33.
[7]胡仁喜,闫彩霞,彭卫平.Pro/Engineer Wildfire 2.0中文版机械设计高级应用实例.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[8]张润泽.K4-60型自翻车倾翻稳定性探讨.铁道车辆.1990.(2):7-10.
[9]张煜.KF60H型自翻车卸货时倾覆稳定性计算与分析.企业技术开发.2005.24(12):41-42.
[10]任尊松.车辆系统动力学.北京:中国铁道出版社,2007
[11]国家标准.GB/T5599-85铁道车辆动力学性能评定和试验鉴定规范.北京:中华人民共和国,1985
[12]佘翊妮.基于有限元的客车车身结构分析[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2003
[13]Saeed Moaveni.Finite Element Anslysis.北京:电子工业出版社,2008
[14]韩西,钟历,李博.有限元分析在结构分析和计算机仿真中的应用.重庆交通学院学报.2001.(20):124-125.
[15]张永刚.有限元法发展及其应用.科技情报开发与经济.2007.17(11):178-179.
[16]吴仁恩.基于ANSYS的铝合金车体结构有限元分析研究[硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2008
[17]王焕定,焦兆平.有限元法基础.北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[18]杜平安,甘娥忠,于亚婷.有限元法——原理、建模及应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[19]博弈创作室.ANSYS9.0经典产品基础教程与实例分析.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006
[20]宾婵慧.61t集装箱专用平车车体多目标结构优化设计[硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2007
[21]杜平安.建立有限元模型的基本原则.机械与电子.2001.(4):40-42.
[22]石家庄车辆有限公司.载重80t任务设计书.
[23]钟日铭.Pro/ENGINEER野火版3.0完全实例导航.北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[24]ANSYS HELP DOCUMENT
[25]王明强,朱永梅,刘文欣.有限元网格划分方法应用研究.机械设计与制造.2004.(1):22-24.
[26]于开平,周传月,谭惠丰等.Hypermesh从入门到精通.北京:科学出版社,2005
[27]王其光.翼展车厢有限元分析及轻量化设计[硕士学位论文].烟台:烟台大学,2007
[28]刘鸿文.材料力学.北京:高等教育出版社,2004
[29]中华人民共和国铁道部标准.TB/T1335-1996铁道车辆强度设计及试验鉴定规范.北京:中华人民共和国铁道部,1996.
[30]王玉艳.准高速客车发电车车体轻量化研究[硕士学位论文].大连:大连交通大学,2005
[31]D.Spath,W.Neithardt,C.Bangert.Integration of Topology and Shape Optimization in the Design Process.
[32]E.Barbieri and-M.Lomhardi.Minimum weight shape and size optimization of truss structures made of uncertain materials.Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization.1998.16(2):147-154
[33]博弈创作室.ANSYS9.0经典产品高级分析技术与实例详解.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006
[34]严云.基于ANSYS参数化没计语言的结构优化设计.华东交通大学学报.2004.21(4):52-55
[35]博弈创作室.APDL参数化有限元分析技术及其应用实例.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005
[36]王学文,杨兆建,段雷ANSYS优化没计若干问题的探讨.塑性工程学报.2007.14(6):181-183.
[37]李湘宁,余传文,赵旗.应用 ANSYS进行汽车车架结构优化设计的探讨.沈阳航空工业学院学报.2006.23(3):20-23.
[38]龚曙光,谢贵兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程.北京:机械工业出版社,2004