嵌入式系统在光路由及光接入网络中的应用研究
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摘要
本文研究了嵌入式系统在全光波长路由器及基于以太网无源光网络(EPON)传输的数字电视系统中的应用。
波长路由器被认为是波长颗粒度和IP网智能的结合,在光域中按波长寻址,实现波长路由。本文使用了一种基于ARM7TDMI的微处理器,按功能子系统构建了一个典型的、具有良好扩展性的嵌入式硬件系统,设计了印制电路板;基于这种体系结构详细介绍了一种软件设计方法,并使用这种方法在上述硬件系统上设计了系统软件,包括BOOTLOADER、硬件驱动和完整的应用程序,从而实现了包括软硬件在内的完整的嵌入式控制系统。最后以这个嵌入式系统为核心,构建了一种简单易用、可动态配置、支持虚波长路的电控光交换形式的波长路由器,并对样机的各个性能指标进行了详细的实验测试。
EPON技术是光纤技术和以太网技术两者的相互结合,这使之成为光纤到户(FTTH)接入网的重要技术。在FTTH中,数字电视节目是重要的宽带增值业务。IPTV正是使用IP网络进行传输数字电视节目的系统。本文在基于数字电视广播(DVB)标准的软件硬件参考设计的基础上,修改了信道解码硬件模块,并对软件进行了移植,修改了相关部分的驱动程序和前端软件接口,实现了IP接入的数字电视解码系统。
本文涉及了两个典型的、应用方向不同的嵌入式系统,但是力求从原理方面来说明嵌入式系统的一般设计思路,并提出了一种可行性强、具有实用价值的嵌入式软件开发手段和系统软件的实现方法,对在其他体系结构、其他开发平台上进行嵌入式开发也具有一定的指导价值,具有很强的工程实践意义。其中将符合一个标准的平台移植到另一个平台的方法,具有一定创新价值。
The content of this thesis is about the research and application of embedded system in all optical wavelength router and the IPTV system transmitted over EPON.
All optical wavelength router, which is considered as an intelligent combination of the wavelength granularity and the IP network, addresses by wavelength in optical field and realizes wavelength routing. In this thesis, a microprocessor based on ARM7TDMI is used to construct a typical embedded hardware system with good expansibility according to the requirement of functional subsystem. And printed circuit board is designed. Based on this kind of architecture, a software design method is introduced in detail. And this thesis designs the system software, including BOOTLOADER, hardware drivers and full applications. As a result, the integrated controllable embedded system with both software and hardware is built up. Finally, based on this embedded system, a type of all optical wavelength router that is controlled by electron and exchanged in optical field is constructed. It can be easily operated and dynamically configured. And each performance index is tested.
EPON technology is the combination of fiber technology and Ethernet technology, which make it an important technology in FTTH. Digital TV program is the most important services in FTTH. From this sense, IPTV is a system transmitting digital TV programs through the IP network. Based on a DVB standard reference, this thesis realizes the IPTV decoding system by transplanting the software and modifying the front-end interface, which includes hardware module and software drivers.
Although two typical embedded systems with different applications are involved in this thesis, we strive to introduce the general design methods from the principles. We bring forward a type of developing method of embedded system, which has excellent feasibility and high engineering practical value. It can be taken as guidance to development other embedded systems. There is also some originality by transplanting a software platform to another.
波长路由器被认为是波长颗粒度和IP网智能的结合,在光域中按波长寻址,实现波长路由。本文使用了一种基于ARM7TDMI的微处理器,按功能子系统构建了一个典型的、具有良好扩展性的嵌入式硬件系统,设计了印制电路板;基于这种体系结构详细介绍了一种软件设计方法,并使用这种方法在上述硬件系统上设计了系统软件,包括BOOTLOADER、硬件驱动和完整的应用程序,从而实现了包括软硬件在内的完整的嵌入式控制系统。最后以这个嵌入式系统为核心,构建了一种简单易用、可动态配置、支持虚波长路的电控光交换形式的波长路由器,并对样机的各个性能指标进行了详细的实验测试。
EPON技术是光纤技术和以太网技术两者的相互结合,这使之成为光纤到户(FTTH)接入网的重要技术。在FTTH中,数字电视节目是重要的宽带增值业务。IPTV正是使用IP网络进行传输数字电视节目的系统。本文在基于数字电视广播(DVB)标准的软件硬件参考设计的基础上,修改了信道解码硬件模块,并对软件进行了移植,修改了相关部分的驱动程序和前端软件接口,实现了IP接入的数字电视解码系统。
本文涉及了两个典型的、应用方向不同的嵌入式系统,但是力求从原理方面来说明嵌入式系统的一般设计思路,并提出了一种可行性强、具有实用价值的嵌入式软件开发手段和系统软件的实现方法,对在其他体系结构、其他开发平台上进行嵌入式开发也具有一定的指导价值,具有很强的工程实践意义。其中将符合一个标准的平台移植到另一个平台的方法,具有一定创新价值。
The content of this thesis is about the research and application of embedded system in all optical wavelength router and the IPTV system transmitted over EPON.
All optical wavelength router, which is considered as an intelligent combination of the wavelength granularity and the IP network, addresses by wavelength in optical field and realizes wavelength routing. In this thesis, a microprocessor based on ARM7TDMI is used to construct a typical embedded hardware system with good expansibility according to the requirement of functional subsystem. And printed circuit board is designed. Based on this kind of architecture, a software design method is introduced in detail. And this thesis designs the system software, including BOOTLOADER, hardware drivers and full applications. As a result, the integrated controllable embedded system with both software and hardware is built up. Finally, based on this embedded system, a type of all optical wavelength router that is controlled by electron and exchanged in optical field is constructed. It can be easily operated and dynamically configured. And each performance index is tested.
EPON technology is the combination of fiber technology and Ethernet technology, which make it an important technology in FTTH. Digital TV program is the most important services in FTTH. From this sense, IPTV is a system transmitting digital TV programs through the IP network. Based on a DVB standard reference, this thesis realizes the IPTV decoding system by transplanting the software and modifying the front-end interface, which includes hardware module and software drivers.
Although two typical embedded systems with different applications are involved in this thesis, we strive to introduce the general design methods from the principles. We bring forward a type of developing method of embedded system, which has excellent feasibility and high engineering practical value. It can be taken as guidance to development other embedded systems. There is also some originality by transplanting a software platform to another.
引文
[1] Bate I. Real-time embedded system [J]. Computing & Control Engineering Journal, 2002, 13(4): 25 ~ 28
[2] 俞露. 基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统硬件设计: [硕士论文]. 杭州: 浙江大学图书馆, 2003
[3] Wayne Wolf 著. 嵌入式计算系统设计原理. (第一版). 孙玉芳, 梁彬, 罗保国等译.北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002. 75 ~ 88
[4] 张晶, 曾宪云. 嵌入式系统概述. 电测与仪表, 2002, (4): 22 ~ 23
[5] G.K.Paglatakis. Active optical access networks. Communications Engineer, 2003. 201 ~ 220
[6] Kuchar. All-optical routing - progress and challenges. In: Warsaw. Proceedings of the 2002 4th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks. Poland, 2002. 115 ~ 118
[7] 邱丹阳. ASON:光网络的新宠. 中国新通信, 2005, (12): 117 ~ 118
[8] 车轮奔. 北电网络推出业界最新一代智能光交换设备 OPTera ConnectHDX. 电信网技术, 2002, (6): 118 ~ 119
[9] 吴海燕. 密集波分(DWDM)系统在天津电信的应用. 通信世界, 2002, (2): 98 ~ 99
[10] Edmund Lo, 张海懿. 智能光交换——LambdaRouter 技术和产品. 电信网技术, 2001, (1): 118~119
[11] 烽火通信 2.5G/10G DWDM 系统打造广西电信宽带传输网 http://www.fiberhome.com.cn/mg/display.asp?articleid=212
[12] 齐俊兵. 光纤通信的历史与新进展. 光机电信息, 2003, (8): 45 ~ 47
[13] 陈章渊, 陶振宁, 吴德明. Tb/s 光纤通信传输系统的开发现状及关键技术. 电信技术, 2000, (1): 140 ~ 143
[14] D.J.Bishop, C.R.Giles, G.P.Austin. The Lucent LambdaRouter: MEMS technology of the future here today. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002, 40(3): 172 ~ 174
[15] Ken-ichi Sato. Key Enabling Technologies for Future Networks. Optics & Photonics News, 2004, (5): 34 ~ 39
[16] 徐荣, 龚倩, 张光海. 城域光网络. (第一版). 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2003. 304 ~308
[17] 康成辉. 整体平移:有线数字电视发展的必由之路. 中国广播电视学刊, 2004, (9): 119 ~ 120
[18] Bormans J, Gelissen J, Perkis A. MPEG21: The 21st Century Multimedia Framework. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2003, 20(2): 14 ~ 16
[19] 李勇, 吴志宏, 曹玲. 光纤接入网技术. (第一版). 北京: 北京邮电大学出版社, 1998. 168 ~ 175
[20] 吴承治, 徐敏毅. 光接入网工程. (第一版). 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 1999. 27 ~ 28
[21] 张继东, 陶智勇. EPON 的发展现状与关键技术. 光通信研究, 2002, (1): 72 ~ 73
[22] 金伟, 高秋红. IPTV 终端及机顶盒技术. 通信世界, 2005, (44): 55 ~ 58
[23] 杜春雷, ARM 体系结构与编程. (第一版). 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2003
[24] 李驹光, 聂雪媛, 江泽明等. ARM 应用系统开发详解. (第一版). 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2003
[25] Samsung Electronics, S3C44B0X User’s Manual
[26] ST Electronics’ datasheet, STi5518v3.pdf
[27] LINEAR Technology’ datasheet, LT1068sfe.pdf
[28] LINEAR Technology’ datasheet, LT1761ia.pdf
[29] IMP, Inc.’ datasheet, IMP706T.pdf
[30] Harald Kreidl. Embedded Flash MCU. 世界电子元器件, 2002, (9): 25 ~ 28
[31] ARIETAL. NAND 和 NOR flash 技术设计师在使用闪存时需要慎重选择. 今日电子, 2002, (4): 100 ~ 102
[32] 刘宇,李玉山,吕菱. 一种通用 SDRAM 控制器的设计[J]. 电子设计应用, 2003, (12): 89 ~ 91
[33] Winbond Electronics corp.’s datasheet, W986416DH-A0.pdf
[34] Sipex Corporation’ datasheet, SP3232ECA.pdf
[35] 刘学刚. 基于 ARM 的嵌入式主板的研究与开发: [硕士论文]. 北京: 华北电力大学图书馆, 2003
[36] 李蒙, 舒云星. JTAG 口及其对 Flash 的在线编程. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2003, (6): 118 ~ 120
[37] TEXAS Instruments’ datasheet, SN74LVCH245.pdf
[38] PCB Layout 中的走线策略, www.PCBTech.net, 2002
[39] 数字电视标准综述——DVB 标准. http://www.till365.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&replyID=82&id=82&skin=1
[40] ISO/IEC, JTC1/SC29/WG11 Document N4041, Overview of MPEG-21, March 2001.
[41] Jean J. Labrosse 著. 嵌入式实时操作系统 uC/OS-II. (第二版). 邵贝贝等译. 北京:北京航空航天出版社, 2003
[42] 胡笠博. 基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统平台及其移植性研究: [硕士论文]. 杭州: 浙江大学图书馆, 2004
[43] ARM Ltd. ARM Architecture Reference Manual. Second Edition, 2000
[44] Introduction to GNU Documentation Principles. http://www.gnu.org/
[45] ARM Ltd. ARM software Development Toolkit Version 2.50 Reference Guide. 1998
[46] ARM Ltd. ARM software Development Toolkit Version 2.50 User Guide. 1998
[47] ARM Ltd. The ARM-THUMB Procedure Call Standard. 2000
[48] WUHAN CVTECH INFO&TECH CO., LTD. ARM Development Tools’ User Guide. 2003
[49] 金鑫, 陈锋, 虞鹤松. S3C44B0X 下的 Bootloader 开发. 工业控制计算机, 2005, (8): 134 ~ 135
[50] 万永波, 张根宝, 田泽等. 基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统 Bootloader 启动流程分析. 微计算机信息, 2005, (22): 130 ~ 132
[51] 李琼. 嵌入式 TCP/IP 协议在 ARM 上的实现及其应用. 微计算机应用, 2005, (6): 139 ~ 141
[52] ST Microelectronics. ST20 Embedded Toolset Delivery Manual. 2003
[53] 杨春勇. GMPLS 智能光网络中波长路由器的研究: [博士论文]. 武汉: 华中科技大学图书馆, 2005
[2] 俞露. 基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统硬件设计: [硕士论文]. 杭州: 浙江大学图书馆, 2003
[3] Wayne Wolf 著. 嵌入式计算系统设计原理. (第一版). 孙玉芳, 梁彬, 罗保国等译.北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002. 75 ~ 88
[4] 张晶, 曾宪云. 嵌入式系统概述. 电测与仪表, 2002, (4): 22 ~ 23
[5] G.K.Paglatakis. Active optical access networks. Communications Engineer, 2003. 201 ~ 220
[6] Kuchar. All-optical routing - progress and challenges. In: Warsaw. Proceedings of the 2002 4th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks. Poland, 2002. 115 ~ 118
[7] 邱丹阳. ASON:光网络的新宠. 中国新通信, 2005, (12): 117 ~ 118
[8] 车轮奔. 北电网络推出业界最新一代智能光交换设备 OPTera ConnectHDX. 电信网技术, 2002, (6): 118 ~ 119
[9] 吴海燕. 密集波分(DWDM)系统在天津电信的应用. 通信世界, 2002, (2): 98 ~ 99
[10] Edmund Lo, 张海懿. 智能光交换——LambdaRouter 技术和产品. 电信网技术, 2001, (1): 118~119
[11] 烽火通信 2.5G/10G DWDM 系统打造广西电信宽带传输网 http://www.fiberhome.com.cn/mg/display.asp?articleid=212
[12] 齐俊兵. 光纤通信的历史与新进展. 光机电信息, 2003, (8): 45 ~ 47
[13] 陈章渊, 陶振宁, 吴德明. Tb/s 光纤通信传输系统的开发现状及关键技术. 电信技术, 2000, (1): 140 ~ 143
[14] D.J.Bishop, C.R.Giles, G.P.Austin. The Lucent LambdaRouter: MEMS technology of the future here today. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002, 40(3): 172 ~ 174
[15] Ken-ichi Sato. Key Enabling Technologies for Future Networks. Optics & Photonics News, 2004, (5): 34 ~ 39
[16] 徐荣, 龚倩, 张光海. 城域光网络. (第一版). 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2003. 304 ~308
[17] 康成辉. 整体平移:有线数字电视发展的必由之路. 中国广播电视学刊, 2004, (9): 119 ~ 120
[18] Bormans J, Gelissen J, Perkis A. MPEG21: The 21st Century Multimedia Framework. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2003, 20(2): 14 ~ 16
[19] 李勇, 吴志宏, 曹玲. 光纤接入网技术. (第一版). 北京: 北京邮电大学出版社, 1998. 168 ~ 175
[20] 吴承治, 徐敏毅. 光接入网工程. (第一版). 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 1999. 27 ~ 28
[21] 张继东, 陶智勇. EPON 的发展现状与关键技术. 光通信研究, 2002, (1): 72 ~ 73
[22] 金伟, 高秋红. IPTV 终端及机顶盒技术. 通信世界, 2005, (44): 55 ~ 58
[23] 杜春雷, ARM 体系结构与编程. (第一版). 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2003
[24] 李驹光, 聂雪媛, 江泽明等. ARM 应用系统开发详解. (第一版). 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2003
[25] Samsung Electronics, S3C44B0X User’s Manual
[26] ST Electronics’ datasheet, STi5518v3.pdf
[27] LINEAR Technology’ datasheet, LT1068sfe.pdf
[28] LINEAR Technology’ datasheet, LT1761ia.pdf
[29] IMP, Inc.’ datasheet, IMP706T.pdf
[30] Harald Kreidl. Embedded Flash MCU. 世界电子元器件, 2002, (9): 25 ~ 28
[31] ARIETAL. NAND 和 NOR flash 技术设计师在使用闪存时需要慎重选择. 今日电子, 2002, (4): 100 ~ 102
[32] 刘宇,李玉山,吕菱. 一种通用 SDRAM 控制器的设计[J]. 电子设计应用, 2003, (12): 89 ~ 91
[33] Winbond Electronics corp.’s datasheet, W986416DH-A0.pdf
[34] Sipex Corporation’ datasheet, SP3232ECA.pdf
[35] 刘学刚. 基于 ARM 的嵌入式主板的研究与开发: [硕士论文]. 北京: 华北电力大学图书馆, 2003
[36] 李蒙, 舒云星. JTAG 口及其对 Flash 的在线编程. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2003, (6): 118 ~ 120
[37] TEXAS Instruments’ datasheet, SN74LVCH245.pdf
[38] PCB Layout 中的走线策略, www.PCBTech.net, 2002
[39] 数字电视标准综述——DVB 标准. http://www.till365.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&replyID=82&id=82&skin=1
[40] ISO/IEC, JTC1/SC29/WG11 Document N4041, Overview of MPEG-21, March 2001.
[41] Jean J. Labrosse 著. 嵌入式实时操作系统 uC/OS-II. (第二版). 邵贝贝等译. 北京:北京航空航天出版社, 2003
[42] 胡笠博. 基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统平台及其移植性研究: [硕士论文]. 杭州: 浙江大学图书馆, 2004
[43] ARM Ltd. ARM Architecture Reference Manual. Second Edition, 2000
[44] Introduction to GNU Documentation Principles. http://www.gnu.org/
[45] ARM Ltd. ARM software Development Toolkit Version 2.50 Reference Guide. 1998
[46] ARM Ltd. ARM software Development Toolkit Version 2.50 User Guide. 1998
[47] ARM Ltd. The ARM-THUMB Procedure Call Standard. 2000
[48] WUHAN CVTECH INFO&TECH CO., LTD. ARM Development Tools’ User Guide. 2003
[49] 金鑫, 陈锋, 虞鹤松. S3C44B0X 下的 Bootloader 开发. 工业控制计算机, 2005, (8): 134 ~ 135
[50] 万永波, 张根宝, 田泽等. 基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统 Bootloader 启动流程分析. 微计算机信息, 2005, (22): 130 ~ 132
[51] 李琼. 嵌入式 TCP/IP 协议在 ARM 上的实现及其应用. 微计算机应用, 2005, (6): 139 ~ 141
[52] ST Microelectronics. ST20 Embedded Toolset Delivery Manual. 2003
[53] 杨春勇. GMPLS 智能光网络中波长路由器的研究: [博士论文]. 武汉: 华中科技大学图书馆, 2005