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小球藻(Chlorella Vulgaris)高密度异养培养
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摘要
小球藻因营养丰富、全面、均衡、无毒,含多种具有重要生理功能的成分,在多个领域得到了广泛应用。异养培养比光合自养优势明显,是当前研究的热点之一。异养培养小球藻,藻密度大幅度提高,周期缩短,分离费用降低,如果采用流加等操作方式,可实现高密度培养,将推动小球藻的应用与开发。本文对小球藻的异养培养进行了较系统的研究,小球藻异养培养的中间试验获得成功,实现了小球藻的高密度培养,为大规模工厂化生产提供了有力依据。
     1.小球藻异养培养的培养基和生长条件优化表明,(1) C源与N源分别以用葡萄糖和D-果糖及KNO_3和NH_4NO_3为好;Gly可作为唯一N源供小球藻生长,对藻的异养生长有显著促进作用,BSA也表现促进效应;(2) 培养基中起始添加10g.L~(-1)葡萄糖和1.6g.L~(-1)KNO_3较适宜,流加培养时葡萄糖和NO_3~-浓度应分别控制在2.45~6.17g.L~(-1)和≤0.44g.L~(-1)范围内,补料液中最适C/N值为41.2;(3) 小球藻对PO_4~(3-)吸收量少;(4) 接种量要大些,最适起始pH为6.5。
     2.植物激素在小球藻异养培养中起到非常重要的调节作用。IAA、IBA、6-BA、(+)ABA及IBA与6-BA的组合等植物激素及抗体PAbs-ABBPs均能显著促进小球藻的异养生长:IBA与6-BA的组合抑制藻对糖的吸收,促进藻吸收NO_3~-。
     3.La~(3+)、CC及PS也影响着小球藻的异养生长。La~(3+)和CC均能促进小球藻的异养生长和藻对葡萄糖的吸收,PS则与之相反,生长抑制率达52.6%;La~(3+)加速培养后期藻对NO_3~-的吸收,CC和PS则能稍微抑制藻吸收NO_3~-;La~(3+)还能显著提高异养小球藻的叶绿素含量。
     4.摇瓶流加异养培养小球藻时,消泡剂能促进小球藻的异养生长和小球藻吸收葡萄糖,培养前中期消泡剂抑制NO_3~-的吸收,但后期加速藻吸收NO_3~-;PS及IBA与6-BA的组合均保持摇瓶分批培养的生理效应,消泡剂与它们有一定的相互作用。
     5.用生物反应器流加异养培养高密度小球藻获得成功。5L生物反应器连续
Chlorella has been applied in many fields because of its rich, all-round and balanced nutrition, nontoxicity and many important physiological functions. Heterotrophic culture takes more advantages than autophototrophic culture and is paid more and more attentions to present. To culture Chlorella cells under the heterotrophic conditions can make the biomass of Chlorella increase largely, shorten the culture cycle and decrease the harvesting cost. If Chlorella cells grow in the fed-batch heterotrophic conditions and also, Chlorella cells of high density will be obtained. So heterotrophic culture will promote the applications and developments of Chlorella.
    In this paper, the heterotrophic culture of C. vulgaris was studied systematically, and its experiment in middle scale with high density of C. vulgaris was successful. All of the obtained results may be useful for the experiment in large scale. The main results are followed.
    1. In the experiments of optimizing the medium and the growth conditions for the heterotrophic culture of C. vulgaris. (1) As for carbon sources, glucose and levulose are better, as for nitrogen sources, KN0_3 and NH_4NO_3 are better. Glycine (Gly) can be used as the sole nitrogen source and stimulate the cell growth, bovine serum albumin (BSA) has also the stimulating effect on the cell growth. (2) 10g.L~(-1) glucose and 1.6g. L~(-1) KNO_3 are the proper initial concentrations in the medium. The concentrations of glucose and N0_3~- should be controlled between the ranges from 2.45g.L~(-1) to 6.17g. L~(-1) and equal to or less than 0.44g. L~(-1) respectively in the fed-batch culture, and the most appropriate ratio carbon to nitrogen is 41. 2. (3) C. vulgaris uptakes P0_4~3- a little. (4) The inoculum size should be much larger and the optimum initial pH is 6.5.
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