张弦梁结构的受力性能研究及程序开发
|
摘要
张弦梁结构作为一种新型的空间结构，其概念是由日本的M．Saitoh教授于八十年代初提出的，它是通过撑杆连接抗弯构件和抗拉构件，在抗拉构件上施加预应力，从而减轻压弯构件负担的自平衡体系。该种结构综合应用了刚性构件抗弯刚度高和柔性构件抗拉刚度高的特点，二者取长补短，体系自重轻，刚度和形状稳定性大，可以跨越很大的空间，在近十年来得到快速发展和应用，前景广阔。
空间张弦梁结构一般均是由数榀平面张弦梁纵横交错布置而成，平面张弦梁结构的力学性能起着至关重要的作用，因此对平面张弦梁结构进行研究是十分必要的。
本文在已有张弦梁结构研究结果的基础上，以Visual C++6.0为平台，用有限元的方法，开发了相应的平面张弦梁结构CAD程序。该程序考虑了张弦梁结构的几何非线性，将梁(或拱)作为空间梁单元，撑杆作为杆元，索作为索元考虑，用增量迭代法进行计算，可以进行荷载-位移曲线的全过程分析，分析张弦梁结构在张拉阶段和使用阶段的受力性能，同时具有良好的界面和用户交互性，并且通过与文献实验数据的算例比较，证明了程序的计算精度能够满足工程设计计算的需要。
利用该程序，本文详细分析了平面张弦梁结构的受力性能，从撑杆数目、矢跨比、垂跨比、弦的预应力等几个方面探讨其对结构性能的影响。这些研究有助于人们了解张弦梁结构，为设计和施工提供了参考依据。
As a new type of space structure, the concept of Beam String Structure(BSS) was proposed by Japanese Professor M.Saitoh in early eighties. It's a kind of self-balance system linking anti-bend component and anti-haul component with struts, inflicting pre-stress on the anti-haul component to reduce the burden of anti-bend component. This type of structure possesses synthetically the characteristic of high anti-bend rigidity and high anti-haul rigidity, can make up each other's disadvantage of rigidity component and flexible component. The system has lower weight, high rigidity and high stability of shape, can span large space. It has been developed and applied rapidly in the recently ten years and has wide prospect.
Generally the space BSS is laid by several plane Beam String Structures vertically and horizontally. It's necessary to research plane BSS which's mechanics performance has significant effect on space BSS.
With the basic of existed research documentations on BSS, this paper developed correlative computer analysis program on plane BSS by the finite element method and Visual C++6.0.The geometry nonlinear problem of BSS has been considered and the program treats with beam or arch as space beam element, struts as pole element, tightwire as cable element, deals with computation with increment iterative method, can apply the whole process analysis of load-displacement curve. It can analyze the mechanics performance of BSS in the hauling period and the application period with well interface and interactive operation. The precision of computation has been proved by the comparison with example of documentary experiment data, which can meet the needs of engineer design and computation.
With the assistance of the program, the paper has analyzed the mechanics characteristics of plane BSS in detail. The effects on structure from the number of struts, sag-span ratio, rise-span ratio, pre-stress of string, etc has been studied. It is helpful to realize BSS and provides reference for design and construction.
空间张弦梁结构一般均是由数榀平面张弦梁纵横交错布置而成，平面张弦梁结构的力学性能起着至关重要的作用，因此对平面张弦梁结构进行研究是十分必要的。
本文在已有张弦梁结构研究结果的基础上，以Visual C++6.0为平台，用有限元的方法，开发了相应的平面张弦梁结构CAD程序。该程序考虑了张弦梁结构的几何非线性，将梁(或拱)作为空间梁单元，撑杆作为杆元，索作为索元考虑，用增量迭代法进行计算，可以进行荷载-位移曲线的全过程分析，分析张弦梁结构在张拉阶段和使用阶段的受力性能，同时具有良好的界面和用户交互性，并且通过与文献实验数据的算例比较，证明了程序的计算精度能够满足工程设计计算的需要。
利用该程序，本文详细分析了平面张弦梁结构的受力性能，从撑杆数目、矢跨比、垂跨比、弦的预应力等几个方面探讨其对结构性能的影响。这些研究有助于人们了解张弦梁结构，为设计和施工提供了参考依据。
As a new type of space structure, the concept of Beam String Structure(BSS) was proposed by Japanese Professor M.Saitoh in early eighties. It's a kind of self-balance system linking anti-bend component and anti-haul component with struts, inflicting pre-stress on the anti-haul component to reduce the burden of anti-bend component. This type of structure possesses synthetically the characteristic of high anti-bend rigidity and high anti-haul rigidity, can make up each other's disadvantage of rigidity component and flexible component. The system has lower weight, high rigidity and high stability of shape, can span large space. It has been developed and applied rapidly in the recently ten years and has wide prospect.
Generally the space BSS is laid by several plane Beam String Structures vertically and horizontally. It's necessary to research plane BSS which's mechanics performance has significant effect on space BSS.
With the basic of existed research documentations on BSS, this paper developed correlative computer analysis program on plane BSS by the finite element method and Visual C++6.0.The geometry nonlinear problem of BSS has been considered and the program treats with beam or arch as space beam element, struts as pole element, tightwire as cable element, deals with computation with increment iterative method, can apply the whole process analysis of load-displacement curve. It can analyze the mechanics performance of BSS in the hauling period and the application period with well interface and interactive operation. The precision of computation has been proved by the comparison with example of documentary experiment data, which can meet the needs of engineer design and computation.
With the assistance of the program, the paper has analyzed the mechanics characteristics of plane BSS in detail. The effects on structure from the number of struts, sag-span ratio, rise-span ratio, pre-stress of string, etc has been studied. It is helpful to realize BSS and provides reference for design and construction.
引文
[1] 陆赐麟．预应力钢结构学科的新成就及其在我国的工程实践．土木工程学报．1999．32(3)
[2] 陆赐麟．预应力空间钢结构的现况和发展．空间结构．1995，1(1)：1-14
[3] 舒赣平，吕志涛．预应力钢结构与组合结构的应用与发展．工业建筑．1997，27(7)：1-3
[4] 杨宗放．预应力技术在钢结构与空间结构中的应用与发展．建筑技术．2001，32(12)：800-802
[5] 董石麟．预应力大跨度空间钢结构的应用与展望．空间结构．2001，7(4)：3-14
[6] 白正仙，刘锡良，李义生．新型空间结构型式—张弦梁．空间结构．2001，7(2)：33-37．
[7] M. Saitoh, et al. Study on mechanical characteristics of a light-weight complex structure composed of a membrance and a beam string structure[A].Spatial, Lattice and Tension Structures, Proc. of IASS-ASCE Int. Symp.[C].1994.632-641
[8] 胡学仁，陈建南等．梁弦式预应力轻钢结构的开发应用[J]．第四届空间结构会议论文集．706-711
[9] 沈祖炎，赵宪忠．现代大跨非刚性结构体系建筑施工中的关键问题．第二届上海国际土木施工技术研讨会论文集．上海．2000
[10] 刘锡良．国外建筑钢结构应用概况[J]．南开土建．2000，第四期：9-13
[11] 陈以一，沈祖炎等．上海浦东国际机场候机楼R2钢屋架足尺试验研究．建筑结构学报．1999，20(2)：9-17
[12] 汪大绥，张富林等．上海浦东国际机场(一期工程)航站楼钢结构研究与设计．建筑结构学报．1999，20(2)：2-8
[13] 陈荣毅，董石麟．广州国际会议展览中心展览大厅钢屋盖设计．空间结构．2002，8(3)：29-34
[14] 陈荣毅，董石麟，孙文波．大跨度预应力张弦桁架结构的设计与分析．Spatial Structures．2003．9(1)：45-47
[15] 韦宏，舒宣武．广州国际会议展览中心结构设计．建筑结构。2002，32(12)：26-29
[16] 孙文波．广州国际会展中心大跨度张弦梁的设计探讨．建筑结构．2002，32(2)：54-56
[17] 刘锡良，白正仙．张弦梁结构受力性能的分析．钢结构．1998，13(42)：4-8
[18] 刘锡良，白正仙．张弦梁结构的有限元分析．空间结构．1998，4(4)：15-20
[19] 白正仙，刘锡良，李义生．单榀张弦梁结构各因数的影响分析．钢结构．2001，3(16)：42-46
[20] 白正仙，刘锡良．张弦梁膜结构几何非线性分析．北京工业大学学报．2002，28(1)：22-25
[21] 陈汉翔．平面张弦梁结构的计算分析．广东土木与建筑．2002，10：9-12
[22] 陈汉翔．舒宜武．预应力值对张弦梁结构受力性能的影响分析．华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)．2003，31(5)：79-84
[23] 杨睿，董石麟，倪英戈．预应力张泫梁结构的形态分析—改进的逆迭代法．空间结构．2002，8(4)：29-34
[24] 刘开国．大跨度张弦梁式结构的分析．空间结构．2001，7(2)：39-43
[25] 谢贻权．何福保主编．弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法．北京，机械工业出版社．1983，177-189
[26] 宋玉普，赵国藩．钢筋混凝土结构分析中的有限单元法[M]．大连：大连理工大学出版社，1994．
[27] 朱伯龙．董振祥．钢筋混凝土非线性分析[M]．上海：同济大学出版社，1985．
[28] 康清梁．钢筋混凝土有限元分析[M]．北京：中国水利水电出版社，1996．
[29] 王勖成，邵敏．有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．
[30] 李继华，林忠民，李明顺，马坤贞，邵卓民，陈基发．建筑结构概率极限状态设计[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990．
[31] 王焕定．吴德伦．林家骥．有限单元法及计算程序[M]．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．1998
[32] 吴斌．梁单元非线性几何方程的正确表达式[J]．重庆交通学院学报．2000，19(1)：102-103
[33] 陈绪．张铱等．平面梁的几何非线性有限元分析[J]．太原工业大学学报．1997，28(1)：25-30
[34] David J.Kruglinski.visual C++技术内幕[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．
[35] 王辉．精通Visual C++ 6.0[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，1999．
[36] Brain M.,Lovette L著．MFC开发人员指南[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1999．
[37] Eugene Kain著，健莲科技译．MFC经典问答[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，2001．
[38] Marco L. Bittencourt. Using C++ templates to implement finite element classes[J]. Engineering Computations. 2000,17(6-7):775-788.
[39] Bruce W. R. Forde, Ricardo O. Foschi, Siegfried F.Stiemer. Objected-Oriented finite element analysis[J]. Computers&Structures. 1990,34(3): 355-374.
[40] Thomos Zimmermann, Yves Dubois-Pelerin, Patricia Bomme. Object-oriented finite element programming: Ⅰ. Governing principles[J]. Comput Meth ApplMech Engin. 1992,98(2): 291-303.
[41] Verner DA, Heileman GL, Budge KG, Robinson AC. Development of field classes for finite element and difference problems[J].Scient Program. 1993,2(4): 227-234.
[42] G.R. Miller, An object-oriented approach to structural analysis and Design[J]. Computers&Structures. 1991,40(1): 75-82.
[43] Thomos Zimmermann, P. Bomme, D. Eyheramendy, L. Vernier, S. Commend. Aspects of an objected-oriented finite element environment, Computers&Structures. 1998,68:1-16.
[44] Yves Dubois-Pelerin, Pierre Pegon. Object-oriented programming in nonlinear finite element analysis[J]. Computers&Structures. 1998,67(1): 225-241.
[45] Dubois-Pelerin Y, Pegon P. Linear constraints in object-oriented finite element programming[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 1998,154: 31-39.
[46] R.I. Mackie. Object-oriented finite element programming:the importance of data modelling[J]. Advances in Engineering Software. 1999,30(9-11): 775-782.
[47] J.T. Cross, I. Masters, R.W. Lewis. Why you should consider object-oriented programming techniques for finite element methods[J]. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow. 1999,9(3): 333-347.
[48] Marco L. Bittencourt. Using C++ templates to implement finite element
classes[J]. Engineering Computations. 2000,17(6-7): 775-788.
[49] Dominiqae Eyheramendy. An object-oriented hybrid symbolic/numerical approach for the development of finite element codes[J]. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design. 2000,36(3-4): 315-334.
[50] 郑莉，董渊．C++语言程序设计[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2001．
[51] 张国峰．C++语言及其程序设计教程(修订版)[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，1999．
[52] 李于剑．Visual C++实践与提高—图形图像编程篇[M]．北京：中国铁道出版社，2001．
[53] 谭也平．工程结构电算与OOP编程[M]．北京：中国建材工业出版社，1999．
[54] Z. Sanal. Finite element programming and C[J]. Computers&Structures, 1994,51(6):671-686.
[55] R．D．库克．有限元分析的概念和应用[M]．第二版．北京．科学出版社
[56] 唐建民．卓家寿．拉索穹顶结构非线性分析的混合有限元增量法[J]．计算力学学报．2000，17(1)：81-88
[57] Shiro Kato, etc. Active Control of Axial Forces in Beam String Space Frames. Spatial, Lattice and Tension Structure. Pro. of the IASS-ASCE Int. Symposium. 1994,664-673
[58] Saitoh M. Role of String-Aesthetics and Technology of The Beam String Structures. Proceeding of the LSA98 Conference "Light Structures in Architecture Engineering and Construction" ,1998.692-701
[2] 陆赐麟．预应力空间钢结构的现况和发展．空间结构．1995，1(1)：1-14
[3] 舒赣平，吕志涛．预应力钢结构与组合结构的应用与发展．工业建筑．1997，27(7)：1-3
[4] 杨宗放．预应力技术在钢结构与空间结构中的应用与发展．建筑技术．2001，32(12)：800-802
[5] 董石麟．预应力大跨度空间钢结构的应用与展望．空间结构．2001，7(4)：3-14
[6] 白正仙，刘锡良，李义生．新型空间结构型式—张弦梁．空间结构．2001，7(2)：33-37．
[7] M. Saitoh, et al. Study on mechanical characteristics of a light-weight complex structure composed of a membrance and a beam string structure[A].Spatial, Lattice and Tension Structures, Proc. of IASS-ASCE Int. Symp.[C].1994.632-641
[8] 胡学仁，陈建南等．梁弦式预应力轻钢结构的开发应用[J]．第四届空间结构会议论文集．706-711
[9] 沈祖炎，赵宪忠．现代大跨非刚性结构体系建筑施工中的关键问题．第二届上海国际土木施工技术研讨会论文集．上海．2000
[10] 刘锡良．国外建筑钢结构应用概况[J]．南开土建．2000，第四期：9-13
[11] 陈以一，沈祖炎等．上海浦东国际机场候机楼R2钢屋架足尺试验研究．建筑结构学报．1999，20(2)：9-17
[12] 汪大绥，张富林等．上海浦东国际机场(一期工程)航站楼钢结构研究与设计．建筑结构学报．1999，20(2)：2-8
[13] 陈荣毅，董石麟．广州国际会议展览中心展览大厅钢屋盖设计．空间结构．2002，8(3)：29-34
[14] 陈荣毅，董石麟，孙文波．大跨度预应力张弦桁架结构的设计与分析．Spatial Structures．2003．9(1)：45-47
[15] 韦宏，舒宣武．广州国际会议展览中心结构设计．建筑结构。2002，32(12)：26-29
[16] 孙文波．广州国际会展中心大跨度张弦梁的设计探讨．建筑结构．2002，32(2)：54-56
[17] 刘锡良，白正仙．张弦梁结构受力性能的分析．钢结构．1998，13(42)：4-8
[18] 刘锡良，白正仙．张弦梁结构的有限元分析．空间结构．1998，4(4)：15-20
[19] 白正仙，刘锡良，李义生．单榀张弦梁结构各因数的影响分析．钢结构．2001，3(16)：42-46
[20] 白正仙，刘锡良．张弦梁膜结构几何非线性分析．北京工业大学学报．2002，28(1)：22-25
[21] 陈汉翔．平面张弦梁结构的计算分析．广东土木与建筑．2002，10：9-12
[22] 陈汉翔．舒宜武．预应力值对张弦梁结构受力性能的影响分析．华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)．2003，31(5)：79-84
[23] 杨睿，董石麟，倪英戈．预应力张泫梁结构的形态分析—改进的逆迭代法．空间结构．2002，8(4)：29-34
[24] 刘开国．大跨度张弦梁式结构的分析．空间结构．2001，7(2)：39-43
[25] 谢贻权．何福保主编．弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法．北京，机械工业出版社．1983，177-189
[26] 宋玉普，赵国藩．钢筋混凝土结构分析中的有限单元法[M]．大连：大连理工大学出版社，1994．
[27] 朱伯龙．董振祥．钢筋混凝土非线性分析[M]．上海：同济大学出版社，1985．
[28] 康清梁．钢筋混凝土有限元分析[M]．北京：中国水利水电出版社，1996．
[29] 王勖成，邵敏．有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．
[30] 李继华，林忠民，李明顺，马坤贞，邵卓民，陈基发．建筑结构概率极限状态设计[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990．
[31] 王焕定．吴德伦．林家骥．有限单元法及计算程序[M]．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．1998
[32] 吴斌．梁单元非线性几何方程的正确表达式[J]．重庆交通学院学报．2000，19(1)：102-103
[33] 陈绪．张铱等．平面梁的几何非线性有限元分析[J]．太原工业大学学报．1997，28(1)：25-30
[34] David J.Kruglinski.visual C++技术内幕[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．
[35] 王辉．精通Visual C++ 6.0[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，1999．
[36] Brain M.,Lovette L著．MFC开发人员指南[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1999．
[37] Eugene Kain著，健莲科技译．MFC经典问答[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，2001．
[38] Marco L. Bittencourt. Using C++ templates to implement finite element classes[J]. Engineering Computations. 2000,17(6-7):775-788.
[39] Bruce W. R. Forde, Ricardo O. Foschi, Siegfried F.Stiemer. Objected-Oriented finite element analysis[J]. Computers&Structures. 1990,34(3): 355-374.
[40] Thomos Zimmermann, Yves Dubois-Pelerin, Patricia Bomme. Object-oriented finite element programming: Ⅰ. Governing principles[J]. Comput Meth ApplMech Engin. 1992,98(2): 291-303.
[41] Verner DA, Heileman GL, Budge KG, Robinson AC. Development of field classes for finite element and difference problems[J].Scient Program. 1993,2(4): 227-234.
[42] G.R. Miller, An object-oriented approach to structural analysis and Design[J]. Computers&Structures. 1991,40(1): 75-82.
[43] Thomos Zimmermann, P. Bomme, D. Eyheramendy, L. Vernier, S. Commend. Aspects of an objected-oriented finite element environment, Computers&Structures. 1998,68:1-16.
[44] Yves Dubois-Pelerin, Pierre Pegon. Object-oriented programming in nonlinear finite element analysis[J]. Computers&Structures. 1998,67(1): 225-241.
[45] Dubois-Pelerin Y, Pegon P. Linear constraints in object-oriented finite element programming[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 1998,154: 31-39.
[46] R.I. Mackie. Object-oriented finite element programming:the importance of data modelling[J]. Advances in Engineering Software. 1999,30(9-11): 775-782.
[47] J.T. Cross, I. Masters, R.W. Lewis. Why you should consider object-oriented programming techniques for finite element methods[J]. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow. 1999,9(3): 333-347.
[48] Marco L. Bittencourt. Using C++ templates to implement finite element
classes[J]. Engineering Computations. 2000,17(6-7): 775-788.
[49] Dominiqae Eyheramendy. An object-oriented hybrid symbolic/numerical approach for the development of finite element codes[J]. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design. 2000,36(3-4): 315-334.
[50] 郑莉，董渊．C++语言程序设计[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2001．
[51] 张国峰．C++语言及其程序设计教程(修订版)[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，1999．
[52] 李于剑．Visual C++实践与提高—图形图像编程篇[M]．北京：中国铁道出版社，2001．
[53] 谭也平．工程结构电算与OOP编程[M]．北京：中国建材工业出版社，1999．
[54] Z. Sanal. Finite element programming and C[J]. Computers&Structures, 1994,51(6):671-686.
[55] R．D．库克．有限元分析的概念和应用[M]．第二版．北京．科学出版社
[56] 唐建民．卓家寿．拉索穹顶结构非线性分析的混合有限元增量法[J]．计算力学学报．2000，17(1)：81-88
[57] Shiro Kato, etc. Active Control of Axial Forces in Beam String Space Frames. Spatial, Lattice and Tension Structure. Pro. of the IASS-ASCE Int. Symposium. 1994,664-673
[58] Saitoh M. Role of String-Aesthetics and Technology of The Beam String Structures. Proceeding of the LSA98 Conference "Light Structures in Architecture Engineering and Construction" ,1998.692-701