岗曲河二级水电站枢纽消能防冲试验研究
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摘要
闸坝作为一种重要的水工建筑物,不仅数量巨大,而且种类繁多。这种水利枢纽工程尽管水头不高,但由于这类型的水利工程存在河床和河岸抗冲刷能力较差、下游难以形成足够的水深、闸孔出流不对称、下游河道条件复杂等一般性的问题,其消能防冲问题依然突出。同时,各个工程有其特殊之处,尤其对于闸坝下紧接弯道的情况,理论及试验研究都比较少,有必要对其进行深入研究,从而为这一类型的闸坝工程的设计施工提供科学依据。岗曲河二级水电站是一座典型的中低水头的闸坝型水利枢纽,由于泄水建筑物下游还紧接一弯道,影响上游闸孔出流,导致水流扩散不充分,同时下游水深不足,难以形成水跃,闸孔布置又不对称,使得流态恶劣,冲刷严重。因此,需要对该工程消能措施的合理性、可行性、科学性进行综合考虑,并通过试验寻找出科学合理的消能防冲措施。
岗曲河二级水电站是一座典型的中低水头的闸坝型水利枢纽,由于泄水建筑物下游还紧接一弯道,影响上游闸孔出流,导致水流扩散不充分,同时下游水深不足,难以形成水跃,闸孔布置又不对称,使得流态恶劣,冲刷严重。因此,需要对该工程消能措施的合理性、可行性、科学性进行综合考虑,并通过试验寻找出科学合理的消能防冲措施。本文以岗曲河二级水电站的消能防冲为具体的研究对象,通过建立1:50的几何比例尺水工模型,对原方案的消能防冲设施进行模型试验。根据试验结果,检验原方案的消能工效果,并针对原方案试验中存在下游弯道缓流影响上游出闸水流的情况,通过在护坦加一垂直坝轴线的分隔墙来改善流态,着重解决下游弯道对上游泄水的影响。在此基础上,试验不同的消能措施方案,并进行优化对比试验,根据流态及下游河道冲淤程度来选择经济合理的消能措施。本研究试验了许多种闸后护坦坡度形式,并对海漫的钢筋笼防冲效果进行检验评价,最终确立了在护坦上加分隔墙,将护坦高程降低使之成跌坎形式,并在末端增设差动式尾坎形成消力池,同时在海漫后两岸易冲刷处加钢筋笼防护的消能防冲形式。
本论文研究成果成功解决了岗曲河二级水电站枢纽的消能防冲问题,使得下游弯道缓流对闸孔泄水的影响得以减弱,流态得到改善,下游河道的冲刷也大为减弱,使其满足工程建设的消能防冲要求。同时,为类似工程的消能防冲问题的研究提供了参考依据。
As an important hydraulic structure, gate dam not only has a huge number but also is variety. Although the water level of this type of hydraulic structure is not high, energy dissipation and erosion protect issues still outstanding, because there are many problems such as erosion protection is poor in river bed and bank, and the water of downstream hasn’t sufficient depth, gate is asymmetry, the river of downstream is complexity, and so on. At the same time, various projects have their unique, especially about the gate dam who has corners immediately in the lower, has little theoretical and experimental study, so it is necessary to conduct in-depth studies, for this type of gate dam project design and construction offer scientific basis. GangQuHe II hydropower stations is a typical low water level in the gate dam-type project, there is corner in downstream which impact of the flow upstream, and leading to the inadequate proliferation of flow. Because of inadequate water depth in downstream, it is difficult to form hydraulic jump, the gate hole layout is asymmetry, all these make bad flow pattern and have serious erosion in downstream. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the energy dissipation and erosion protect project feasibility, scientific and comprehensive consideration, and through the test to find out a scientific and rational energy dissipation and erosion protect project.
This paper is about the GangQuHe Hydropower Station II energy dissipation and erosion protect project , through building a hydraulic model which geometric scale is 1:50, to take a model test on energy dissipation and erosion protect project of the original proposal. According to the results of the test, the energy dissipation effect of the original proposal was tested. The test was also focus on resolving the impact that the corner of the downstream exert on the discharge of upstream, from building a wall which Perpendicular to the axis of the dam to improve the flow pattern, according to the problem of the downstream corners affected the upstream water flow. On this basis, I tested different energy dissipation and erosion protect projects, and did comparative test, choosed a reasonable and economic project of energy dissipation and erosion protect according to the downstream river flow and extent of erosion and deposition. This study tested many types of slope form of apron, evaluated the steel-cage-effect by test. In the final set a separation wall on the apron, reduce the height of apron to form the vertical drop, and additional differential end sill in stilling basin, and in soil apron which is easy erosion protect with steel-cage.
This test study results successfully resolved the problem of energy dissipation and erosion protect of GangQuHe II Hydropower Project, reduce the impact of corner, and reduce the erosion in the downstream, to meet the construction of energy dissipation and erosion protect requirements. At the same time, provided a reference for energy dissipation and erosion protect study of the similar projects.
岗曲河二级水电站是一座典型的中低水头的闸坝型水利枢纽,由于泄水建筑物下游还紧接一弯道,影响上游闸孔出流,导致水流扩散不充分,同时下游水深不足,难以形成水跃,闸孔布置又不对称,使得流态恶劣,冲刷严重。因此,需要对该工程消能措施的合理性、可行性、科学性进行综合考虑,并通过试验寻找出科学合理的消能防冲措施。本文以岗曲河二级水电站的消能防冲为具体的研究对象,通过建立1:50的几何比例尺水工模型,对原方案的消能防冲设施进行模型试验。根据试验结果,检验原方案的消能工效果,并针对原方案试验中存在下游弯道缓流影响上游出闸水流的情况,通过在护坦加一垂直坝轴线的分隔墙来改善流态,着重解决下游弯道对上游泄水的影响。在此基础上,试验不同的消能措施方案,并进行优化对比试验,根据流态及下游河道冲淤程度来选择经济合理的消能措施。本研究试验了许多种闸后护坦坡度形式,并对海漫的钢筋笼防冲效果进行检验评价,最终确立了在护坦上加分隔墙,将护坦高程降低使之成跌坎形式,并在末端增设差动式尾坎形成消力池,同时在海漫后两岸易冲刷处加钢筋笼防护的消能防冲形式。
本论文研究成果成功解决了岗曲河二级水电站枢纽的消能防冲问题,使得下游弯道缓流对闸孔泄水的影响得以减弱,流态得到改善,下游河道的冲刷也大为减弱,使其满足工程建设的消能防冲要求。同时,为类似工程的消能防冲问题的研究提供了参考依据。
As an important hydraulic structure, gate dam not only has a huge number but also is variety. Although the water level of this type of hydraulic structure is not high, energy dissipation and erosion protect issues still outstanding, because there are many problems such as erosion protection is poor in river bed and bank, and the water of downstream hasn’t sufficient depth, gate is asymmetry, the river of downstream is complexity, and so on. At the same time, various projects have their unique, especially about the gate dam who has corners immediately in the lower, has little theoretical and experimental study, so it is necessary to conduct in-depth studies, for this type of gate dam project design and construction offer scientific basis. GangQuHe II hydropower stations is a typical low water level in the gate dam-type project, there is corner in downstream which impact of the flow upstream, and leading to the inadequate proliferation of flow. Because of inadequate water depth in downstream, it is difficult to form hydraulic jump, the gate hole layout is asymmetry, all these make bad flow pattern and have serious erosion in downstream. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the energy dissipation and erosion protect project feasibility, scientific and comprehensive consideration, and through the test to find out a scientific and rational energy dissipation and erosion protect project.
This paper is about the GangQuHe Hydropower Station II energy dissipation and erosion protect project , through building a hydraulic model which geometric scale is 1:50, to take a model test on energy dissipation and erosion protect project of the original proposal. According to the results of the test, the energy dissipation effect of the original proposal was tested. The test was also focus on resolving the impact that the corner of the downstream exert on the discharge of upstream, from building a wall which Perpendicular to the axis of the dam to improve the flow pattern, according to the problem of the downstream corners affected the upstream water flow. On this basis, I tested different energy dissipation and erosion protect projects, and did comparative test, choosed a reasonable and economic project of energy dissipation and erosion protect according to the downstream river flow and extent of erosion and deposition. This study tested many types of slope form of apron, evaluated the steel-cage-effect by test. In the final set a separation wall on the apron, reduce the height of apron to form the vertical drop, and additional differential end sill in stilling basin, and in soil apron which is easy erosion protect with steel-cage.
This test study results successfully resolved the problem of energy dissipation and erosion protect of GangQuHe II Hydropower Project, reduce the impact of corner, and reduce the erosion in the downstream, to meet the construction of energy dissipation and erosion protect requirements. At the same time, provided a reference for energy dissipation and erosion protect study of the similar projects.
引文
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