高等学校学生医疗费用分析与健康保障对策研究
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摘要
大学生是祖国的未来和希望，他们的健康关系到社会的进步和发展。因此，大学生在校期间身心健康的保障至关重要。目前，我国高等学校学生的医疗保障尚无统一的、符合学生实际需要的保障制度。本研究旨在通过对安徽医科大学学生在校期间的门诊费用、住院费用以及疾病别医疗费用的测算，了解高校学生医疗费用消耗情况；对比分析学生参加医疗保险前后公费医疗的开支和学生个人承担的费用，了解学生参保的利弊；最后对在校大学生进行健康保障需求的调查，明确学生实际卫生服务需要。
本课题通过对安徽医科大学在校学生五年来医疗费用及健康保障意愿调查分析与研究得出以下结论：随着城镇职工医疗保障制度的日趋完善，农村居民的保障措施也被提上议事日程，一直被学术界所忽视的高等学校学生的医疗保障问题有待于进一步的深入研究；总的来说，学生的整体患病率、住院率相对较低，但随着医疗费用的上涨，次均住院费用也在逐年提高，同时高等学校学生心理、精神疾病的患病率在上升，大病、重病时有发生，给学生身体健康造成新的威胁；况且普通高校学生近50％来自农村，家庭经济收入低(50％以上家庭人均月收入少于400元)，对疾病的风险承担能力较低；而目前高校学生中有不良生活行为的比例较高，成为影响身体健康的重要因素；结合高校学生对目前学生医疗保障措施的满意度的调查，最后建议针对高校学生采取综合性的医疗保障措施，以节约公费医疗开支，减轻学生经济负担，保障学生的身心健康。
University students are the future and hope of our country. Their health is connected with our society's progress and development. Therefore, it is vital that university students should be sound in body and mind at school. At present, there is not yet a unified health insurance system that meets the actual need of students. The research aims at: firstly, understanding the consumption of medical expenditure about Anhui Medical University's students, by means of measuring and calculating the clinic fare, hospitalization expenditures and medical expenditure of disease groups; secondly, knowing about the benefit and drawback of students' medical insurance, by contrasting the free medical service and individual expenses before and after medical insurance; finally, investigating and knowing about the health status and the need of medical service of university students.
From studying the five-year medical expenditures and investigating the mind of university students toward medical guaranteeing measure, the research comes to the following conclusion: as the health insurance system for staff and workers in cities and towns become more and more perfect, rural residents' guaranteeing measure is also talked over. However, university students' health insurance measure has long been neglected, and it should be researched deeply. On the whole, the rate of contracting diseases and hospitalization for university students is relatively lower. But
with the rising of medical expenditure, hospitalization expense per time is increasing year by year; the rate of contracting mental disease is rising as well. There are sometimes serious illnesses, which threaten the health of students' body. In addition, 50 percent of average university students come from rural areas, and the family income is lower (per-capita income of more than 50 percent of family is less than 400 yuan RMB per month), so the ability of acceptance of risk for disease is relatively weak. Beside, higher proportion of unhealthy life behavior influences students' health deeply.
By investigating the satisfied degree of university students toward medical guaranteeing measure, here is suggestion: adopting comprehensive medical guaranteeing measure, in order to cut down the expense of public health services, to lessen students' financial burden and to ensure students to be sound in body and mind.
本课题通过对安徽医科大学在校学生五年来医疗费用及健康保障意愿调查分析与研究得出以下结论：随着城镇职工医疗保障制度的日趋完善，农村居民的保障措施也被提上议事日程，一直被学术界所忽视的高等学校学生的医疗保障问题有待于进一步的深入研究；总的来说，学生的整体患病率、住院率相对较低，但随着医疗费用的上涨，次均住院费用也在逐年提高，同时高等学校学生心理、精神疾病的患病率在上升，大病、重病时有发生，给学生身体健康造成新的威胁；况且普通高校学生近50％来自农村，家庭经济收入低(50％以上家庭人均月收入少于400元)，对疾病的风险承担能力较低；而目前高校学生中有不良生活行为的比例较高，成为影响身体健康的重要因素；结合高校学生对目前学生医疗保障措施的满意度的调查，最后建议针对高校学生采取综合性的医疗保障措施，以节约公费医疗开支，减轻学生经济负担，保障学生的身心健康。
University students are the future and hope of our country. Their health is connected with our society's progress and development. Therefore, it is vital that university students should be sound in body and mind at school. At present, there is not yet a unified health insurance system that meets the actual need of students. The research aims at: firstly, understanding the consumption of medical expenditure about Anhui Medical University's students, by means of measuring and calculating the clinic fare, hospitalization expenditures and medical expenditure of disease groups; secondly, knowing about the benefit and drawback of students' medical insurance, by contrasting the free medical service and individual expenses before and after medical insurance; finally, investigating and knowing about the health status and the need of medical service of university students.
From studying the five-year medical expenditures and investigating the mind of university students toward medical guaranteeing measure, the research comes to the following conclusion: as the health insurance system for staff and workers in cities and towns become more and more perfect, rural residents' guaranteeing measure is also talked over. However, university students' health insurance measure has long been neglected, and it should be researched deeply. On the whole, the rate of contracting diseases and hospitalization for university students is relatively lower. But
with the rising of medical expenditure, hospitalization expense per time is increasing year by year; the rate of contracting mental disease is rising as well. There are sometimes serious illnesses, which threaten the health of students' body. In addition, 50 percent of average university students come from rural areas, and the family income is lower (per-capita income of more than 50 percent of family is less than 400 yuan RMB per month), so the ability of acceptance of risk for disease is relatively weak. Beside, higher proportion of unhealthy life behavior influences students' health deeply.
By investigating the satisfied degree of university students toward medical guaranteeing measure, here is suggestion: adopting comprehensive medical guaranteeing measure, in order to cut down the expense of public health services, to lessen students' financial burden and to ensure students to be sound in body and mind.
引文
1．万泉，杜嘉林，陈迎春等． 安徽省医疗费用核算分析报告． 中国卫生经济，2001，20(10)：27-30
2．张承科．中国大学生的健康状况与健康教育．中国健康教育， 2001，17(8)：487-489
3．刘菲菲，曾晓群，曾志刚等．南昌市大学生综合素质状况调查． 中国校医，2001，15(1)：12-14
4．杨雪龙， 戴梅竟． 大学生个性特征及其心理健康状况关系的研究．中国校医，2001，15(1)：1-3
5．范存欣，马绍斌，林汉生．大学生心理健康状况及其影响因素的逐步回归分析．中国学校卫生，2001，22(3)：215-216
6．于维珍．高等学校学生医疗费用改革与保险．中国校医，1998，12(5)：391-392
7．吴小楠，姚忠玲，汪家梨． 福州市大学生生活行为与健康关系分析．中国校医，1996，10(4)：251-254
8．中国学生体质健康研究组． 1995年全国学生体质健康调查． 中国预防医学，1997，31(1)：42-43
9．曾广玉，祁红． 1995年安徽省学生健康状况及常见病防治对策．安徽预防医学，1998，4(1)：7-9
10．孟庆如．天津市大学生体质调查的综合评价． 中国预防医学．，1997，31：201
11．饶克勤，陈育得． 当前卫生服务供需基本状况和值得注意的问题．中国卫生经济．，1999，18(6)：5-8
12. Nugaeva,-G-Sh. Effects of sports on students' progress in studies. Probl-Sotsialnoi-Gig-Istor-Med, 2001 Sep-Oct;(5):29-33
13. Steptoe,-A;Wardle,-J. Health behavior, risk awareness and emotional well being in students from Eastern Europe and Westem Europe. Soc-Sci-Med, 2001 Dec;53(12):1621-30
14. Jou,-Yuh-Huey;Fukada,-Hiromi. Stress, health, and reciprocity and sufficiency of social support: the case of university students in Japan. J-Soc-Psychol, 2002 Jun:142(3):353-70
15. Peltzer,-K. Tobacco use among black South African university student: attitudes, risk awareness and health locus of control. Curations, 2001 May;24(2):48
16. Lanier,-C-A; Nicholson,-T; Duncan,-D. Drug use mental well being among sample of undergraduate and graduate college students. J-Drug-Educ, 2001 ;31(3):239-248
17．季成叶． 中国青少年生长发育现状及趋势和干预建议． 中国学校卫生，2003，24(1)： 1-3
18．戴梅竟，王蓓，刘新军等．大学生健康危险因素分析． 中国学校卫生，1995，16(4)： 281-283
2．张承科．中国大学生的健康状况与健康教育．中国健康教育， 2001，17(8)：487-489
3．刘菲菲，曾晓群，曾志刚等．南昌市大学生综合素质状况调查． 中国校医，2001，15(1)：12-14
4．杨雪龙， 戴梅竟． 大学生个性特征及其心理健康状况关系的研究．中国校医，2001，15(1)：1-3
5．范存欣，马绍斌，林汉生．大学生心理健康状况及其影响因素的逐步回归分析．中国学校卫生，2001，22(3)：215-216
6．于维珍．高等学校学生医疗费用改革与保险．中国校医，1998，12(5)：391-392
7．吴小楠，姚忠玲，汪家梨． 福州市大学生生活行为与健康关系分析．中国校医，1996，10(4)：251-254
8．中国学生体质健康研究组． 1995年全国学生体质健康调查． 中国预防医学，1997，31(1)：42-43
9．曾广玉，祁红． 1995年安徽省学生健康状况及常见病防治对策．安徽预防医学，1998，4(1)：7-9
10．孟庆如．天津市大学生体质调查的综合评价． 中国预防医学．，1997，31：201
11．饶克勤，陈育得． 当前卫生服务供需基本状况和值得注意的问题．中国卫生经济．，1999，18(6)：5-8
12. Nugaeva,-G-Sh. Effects of sports on students' progress in studies. Probl-Sotsialnoi-Gig-Istor-Med, 2001 Sep-Oct;(5):29-33
13. Steptoe,-A;Wardle,-J. Health behavior, risk awareness and emotional well being in students from Eastern Europe and Westem Europe. Soc-Sci-Med, 2001 Dec;53(12):1621-30
14. Jou,-Yuh-Huey;Fukada,-Hiromi. Stress, health, and reciprocity and sufficiency of social support: the case of university students in Japan. J-Soc-Psychol, 2002 Jun:142(3):353-70
15. Peltzer,-K. Tobacco use among black South African university student: attitudes, risk awareness and health locus of control. Curations, 2001 May;24(2):48
16. Lanier,-C-A; Nicholson,-T; Duncan,-D. Drug use mental well being among sample of undergraduate and graduate college students. J-Drug-Educ, 2001 ;31(3):239-248
17．季成叶． 中国青少年生长发育现状及趋势和干预建议． 中国学校卫生，2003，24(1)： 1-3
18．戴梅竟，王蓓，刘新军等．大学生健康危险因素分析． 中国学校卫生，1995，16(4)： 281-283