中国癞蝗亚科的分类研究（昆虫纲：直翅目：蝗总科：癞蝗科）
|
摘要
癞蝗属于直翅目(Orthoptera)蝗总科(Acridoidea)癞蝗科(Pamphagidae),是蝗总科中较原始的一科,全世界已知癞蝗93属近600种及亚种,主要分布在非洲、欧洲、亚洲的山地和半荒漠地区。我国癞蝗已知13属48种及亚种,都分布在我国北部和西北部。
Otte(2004)把全世界的癞蝗分为8个亚科:Akicerinae Bolivar, I., 1916、Echinotropinae Dirsh, 1961、Nocarodesinae Bolivar, I., 1916、Orchaminae Zhang, Yin & Yin, 2003、Pamphaginae Burmeister, 1840、Porthetinae Bolivar, I., 1916、Prionotropisinae Zhang, Yin & Yin, 2003、Tropidaucheninae Zhang, Yin & Yin, 2003;其中3个亚科为我国学者张道川等(2003)订立。夏凯龄等(1994)将沟笨蝗属Sulcotropis Yin & Chou, 1979认为是笨蝗属Haplotropis Saussure, 1888的同物异名。癞蝗亚科目前在中国仅有1属2种——笨蝗属Haplotropis Saussure,1888、笨蝗Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure, 1888、内蒙古笨蝗Haplotropis neimongolensis Yin, 1982。
本文从形态学和分子系统学研究两方面入手,对中国境内的癞蝗亚科进行了分类研究,以期澄清其种类,摸清我国癞蝗亚科家底,建立新的分类系统,并就有关问题进行讨论,为癞蝗科的研究提供新的资料。
本文绪论部分简要介绍了直翅目和蝗总科的分类情况,癞蝗科的命名、分布、进化、分类地位和分类系统,中国癞蝗科各亚科的分类特征,概述了世界和中国的癞蝗科和癞蝗亚科分类研究概况。
本文对癞蝗亚科进行了形态学研究,用常规形态学方法对采自黑龙江、内蒙古、河北、陕西、山东、山西、江苏的300多号标本进行了仔细的观察,建立了2新属2新种:以“雄性下生殖板末端有明显的二分叉”(笨蝗属的下生殖板末端为尖锥状)为主要分类特征建立了华笨蝗属Sinohaplotropis Cao et Yin,2008和鄂伦春华笨蝗Sinohaplotropis elunchuna Cao et Yin,2008;以“前胸背板沿中隆线甚高地弧形隆起,其隆起高度超过复眼纵径长度”(笨蝗属的前胸背板中隆线微隆,几乎平直)为主要分类特征建立了伪笨蝗属Pseudohaplotropis gen.n.和徂徕山伪笨蝗Pseudohaplotropis culaishanica sp.n.”。
本文还用分子系统学的方法对以上2新属和2新种进行了验证。测定了采自内蒙古加格达奇和山东徂徕山的癞蝗亚科蝗虫的16S rDNA序列,并将其与从GenBank中检索的相关种类同源序列比较分析,构建了分子系统树,探讨了我国癞蝗亚科的系统发育关系,结果表明:癞蝗科昆虫碱基序列差异百分比为0.8即达到属级差异,而Pseudohaplotropis gen. n.和Sinohaplotropis间碱基序列差异百分比为1.3,说明2属间的差异达到了属级水平;该2属同其它属间碱基序列差异百分比分别高达4.6-11.0和2.9-10.2,支持2新属的建立。
本文列出了中国癞蝗亚科属和种的分布图,阐述了其栖居环境特征,并描述了癞蝗亚科蝗虫体色多变且与周围环境颜色相近(保护色)的现象。
本文建立了中国癞蝗亚科新的分类系统。中国癞蝗亚科的种类由原来的1属2种增加为3属(笨蝗属Haplotropis Saussure,1888、华笨蝗属Sinohaplotropis Cao et Yin,2008、伪笨蝗属Pseudohaplotropis gen.n.)、4种(笨蝗Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure, 1888、内蒙古笨蝗Haplotropis neimongolensis Yin, 1982、鄂伦春华笨蝗Sinohaplotropis elunchuna Cao et Yin, 2008、徂徕山伪笨蝗Pseudohaplotropis culaishanica sp.n.);列出了中英文对照的中国癞蝗亚科的属和种检索表、亚科和属检索表以及欧亚大陆癞蝗亚科属检索表,在各论中详细描述了各属、种的形态特征,并附模式标本照片。
本文对中国癞蝗亚科蝗虫的系统演化及其隐存种或亚种的存在等问题进行了讨论;查证了笨蝗属的原始描述,其前胸背板中隆线平直或微隆,但隆起高度不超过复眼纵径的长度,且不被后横沟切断;对沟笨蝗属的问题进行了讨论:认为夏凯龄等(1994)以笨蝗和沟笨蝗存在交配现象为由将沟笨蝗属Sulcotropis Yin & Chou, 1979列为笨蝗属Haplotropis Saussure,1888的同物异名值得商榷,因为有很多昆虫虽交配但不能授精,或者虽能形成杂种,但杂种不育,无正常生殖力。因此应进一步运用分子系统学、细胞分类学方法,甚至需要做深入的杂交试验后才能下结论。
The Pamphagidae, belonged to Acridoidea, Orthoptera, is a primitiver family in Acridoidea, containing 93 genera and nearly 600 species or subspecies in the world which mainly distribute in mountainous or semi-desert area in Africa, Europe and Asia. There are 13 genera and 48 species or subspecies in the North and North-west of China.
In 2004, Otte divided Pamphagidae in the world into 8 subfamilies: Akicerinae Bolivar, I.,1916, Echinotropinae Dirsh,1961, Nocarodesinae Bolivar, I.,1916, Orchaminae Zhang, Yin & Yin, 2003 , Pamphaginae Burmeister, 1840, Porthetinae Bolivar, I., 1916, Prionotropisinae Zhang, Yin & Yin, 2003 and Tropidaucheninae Zhang Yin & Yin, 2003, among them 3 subfamilies were established by Chinese scholars Zhang Dao-chuan etc in 2003. In 1994, Xia Kai-ling etc regarded Sulcotropis Yin & Chou, 1979 as the synonym of Haplotropis Saussure, 1888. At present, there are only 1 genus (Haplotropis Saussure, 1888) and 2 species ( Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure, 1888 and Haplotropis neimongolensis Yin, 1982) of Pamphaginae from China.
This thesis studied on the systematics of Pamphaginae from China by the ways of morphology and molecular systematic in order to clarify genera and species of Pamphaginae from China and establish a new taxonomic system of Pamphaginae.
The introduction of this thesis introduces briefly the systematics of Orthoptera and Acridoidea; the naming, distribution, evolution, taxonomic status, taxonomic system of Pamphagidae; the taxonomic characteristics of all subfamilies of Pamphagidae from China and summaries the survey of systematics study of Pamphaginae and Pamphagidae from China and the world.
In the morphology study of Pamphaginae, above 300 specimens were examined carefully collected from Provinces of Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Shanxi and Jiangsu by morphological method and named 2 new genera and 2 new species: first Sinohaplotropis Cao et Yin, 2008 (type species Sinohaplotropis elunchuna Cao et Yin, 2008) is allied to Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure,1888, but“subgenital plate of male triangle, apex bifurcate in dorsal view”; second Pseudohaplotropis gen. n. (type species Pseudohaplotropis culaishanica sp.n.) differs Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure,1888 and Sinohaplotropis Cao et Yin, 2008 by median keel of pronotum rised highly and obviously, the height larger than the longitudinal diameter of eyes.
The above 2 new genera and 2 new species were verified by molecular systematic study. In this chapter, based on the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA partial sequences of the species of Pamphaginae from Jiagedaqi, Inner Mongolia and Culai Mount, Shandong Province sequenced and of some relative species indexed from GenBank, the homologus sequences were compared, the molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed and the phylogenetic relationships of Pamphaginae in China were investigated. The result of sequences compared shows that the percentage of 0.8 of the divergence of the basic group sequences in Pamphagidae is a kind of divergence in genus level, so the percentage of 1.3 of the divergence of the sequences between Pseudohaplotropis gen. n and Sinohaplotropis shows that the divergence between the two genera arrive at genus level; the percentages 4.6-11.0 and 2.9-10.2 separately of the divergence of the two genera with other 12 genera in Pamphagidae also support the establishing of the two new genera.
The distributional map of all genera and species of Pamphaginae from China is drawn and the landscape photographs of all species are also given for showing the diversity and protective coloration.
This thesis established a new taxonomic system of Pamphaginae. The kinds of Pamphaginae in China add up to 3 genera and 4 species: Haplotropis Saussure,1888, Sinohaplotropis Cao et Yin, 2008, Pseudohaplotropis gen.n.; Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure, 1888, Haplotropis neimongolensis Yin, 1982 Sinohaplotropis elunchuna Cao et Yin, 2008 and Pseudohaplotropis culaishanica sp.n from 1 genus and 2 spices. The key to genera and species of Pamphaginae from China, the key to subfamilies and genera of Pamphagidae from China and the key to genera of Pamphaginae from Eurasia are given. The descriptions and photographs of all spices (holotype) are also given.
This thesis discussed the systematics evolution of Pamphaginae and its cryptic species and subspecies; checked that the original descriptions of Haplotropis Saussure, 1888 are“median keel of pronotum nearly straight or slightly rise, the height not larger than the longitudinal diameter of eyes and not cut by hind transverse sulcus”; held that it is worth counseling that Xia etc.(1994) regarded Sulcotropis Yin & Chou, 1979 as the synonym of Haplotropis Saussure, 1888 according to the mating between both individuals, because they maybe can’t inseminate, not hybrid, or the hybrid unreproducible if hybrid present. So, the conclusion can be made sure after must doing some molecular systematic and cytotaxonomy study, even making deep hybridization experiments.
Otte(2004)把全世界的癞蝗分为8个亚科:Akicerinae Bolivar, I., 1916、Echinotropinae Dirsh, 1961、Nocarodesinae Bolivar, I., 1916、Orchaminae Zhang, Yin & Yin, 2003、Pamphaginae Burmeister, 1840、Porthetinae Bolivar, I., 1916、Prionotropisinae Zhang, Yin & Yin, 2003、Tropidaucheninae Zhang, Yin & Yin, 2003;其中3个亚科为我国学者张道川等(2003)订立。夏凯龄等(1994)将沟笨蝗属Sulcotropis Yin & Chou, 1979认为是笨蝗属Haplotropis Saussure, 1888的同物异名。癞蝗亚科目前在中国仅有1属2种——笨蝗属Haplotropis Saussure,1888、笨蝗Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure, 1888、内蒙古笨蝗Haplotropis neimongolensis Yin, 1982。
本文从形态学和分子系统学研究两方面入手,对中国境内的癞蝗亚科进行了分类研究,以期澄清其种类,摸清我国癞蝗亚科家底,建立新的分类系统,并就有关问题进行讨论,为癞蝗科的研究提供新的资料。
本文绪论部分简要介绍了直翅目和蝗总科的分类情况,癞蝗科的命名、分布、进化、分类地位和分类系统,中国癞蝗科各亚科的分类特征,概述了世界和中国的癞蝗科和癞蝗亚科分类研究概况。
本文对癞蝗亚科进行了形态学研究,用常规形态学方法对采自黑龙江、内蒙古、河北、陕西、山东、山西、江苏的300多号标本进行了仔细的观察,建立了2新属2新种:以“雄性下生殖板末端有明显的二分叉”(笨蝗属的下生殖板末端为尖锥状)为主要分类特征建立了华笨蝗属Sinohaplotropis Cao et Yin,2008和鄂伦春华笨蝗Sinohaplotropis elunchuna Cao et Yin,2008;以“前胸背板沿中隆线甚高地弧形隆起,其隆起高度超过复眼纵径长度”(笨蝗属的前胸背板中隆线微隆,几乎平直)为主要分类特征建立了伪笨蝗属Pseudohaplotropis gen.n.和徂徕山伪笨蝗Pseudohaplotropis culaishanica sp.n.”。
本文还用分子系统学的方法对以上2新属和2新种进行了验证。测定了采自内蒙古加格达奇和山东徂徕山的癞蝗亚科蝗虫的16S rDNA序列,并将其与从GenBank中检索的相关种类同源序列比较分析,构建了分子系统树,探讨了我国癞蝗亚科的系统发育关系,结果表明:癞蝗科昆虫碱基序列差异百分比为0.8即达到属级差异,而Pseudohaplotropis gen. n.和Sinohaplotropis间碱基序列差异百分比为1.3,说明2属间的差异达到了属级水平;该2属同其它属间碱基序列差异百分比分别高达4.6-11.0和2.9-10.2,支持2新属的建立。
本文列出了中国癞蝗亚科属和种的分布图,阐述了其栖居环境特征,并描述了癞蝗亚科蝗虫体色多变且与周围环境颜色相近(保护色)的现象。
本文建立了中国癞蝗亚科新的分类系统。中国癞蝗亚科的种类由原来的1属2种增加为3属(笨蝗属Haplotropis Saussure,1888、华笨蝗属Sinohaplotropis Cao et Yin,2008、伪笨蝗属Pseudohaplotropis gen.n.)、4种(笨蝗Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure, 1888、内蒙古笨蝗Haplotropis neimongolensis Yin, 1982、鄂伦春华笨蝗Sinohaplotropis elunchuna Cao et Yin, 2008、徂徕山伪笨蝗Pseudohaplotropis culaishanica sp.n.);列出了中英文对照的中国癞蝗亚科的属和种检索表、亚科和属检索表以及欧亚大陆癞蝗亚科属检索表,在各论中详细描述了各属、种的形态特征,并附模式标本照片。
本文对中国癞蝗亚科蝗虫的系统演化及其隐存种或亚种的存在等问题进行了讨论;查证了笨蝗属的原始描述,其前胸背板中隆线平直或微隆,但隆起高度不超过复眼纵径的长度,且不被后横沟切断;对沟笨蝗属的问题进行了讨论:认为夏凯龄等(1994)以笨蝗和沟笨蝗存在交配现象为由将沟笨蝗属Sulcotropis Yin & Chou, 1979列为笨蝗属Haplotropis Saussure,1888的同物异名值得商榷,因为有很多昆虫虽交配但不能授精,或者虽能形成杂种,但杂种不育,无正常生殖力。因此应进一步运用分子系统学、细胞分类学方法,甚至需要做深入的杂交试验后才能下结论。
The Pamphagidae, belonged to Acridoidea, Orthoptera, is a primitiver family in Acridoidea, containing 93 genera and nearly 600 species or subspecies in the world which mainly distribute in mountainous or semi-desert area in Africa, Europe and Asia. There are 13 genera and 48 species or subspecies in the North and North-west of China.
In 2004, Otte divided Pamphagidae in the world into 8 subfamilies: Akicerinae Bolivar, I.,1916, Echinotropinae Dirsh,1961, Nocarodesinae Bolivar, I.,1916, Orchaminae Zhang, Yin & Yin, 2003 , Pamphaginae Burmeister, 1840, Porthetinae Bolivar, I., 1916, Prionotropisinae Zhang, Yin & Yin, 2003 and Tropidaucheninae Zhang Yin & Yin, 2003, among them 3 subfamilies were established by Chinese scholars Zhang Dao-chuan etc in 2003. In 1994, Xia Kai-ling etc regarded Sulcotropis Yin & Chou, 1979 as the synonym of Haplotropis Saussure, 1888. At present, there are only 1 genus (Haplotropis Saussure, 1888) and 2 species ( Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure, 1888 and Haplotropis neimongolensis Yin, 1982) of Pamphaginae from China.
This thesis studied on the systematics of Pamphaginae from China by the ways of morphology and molecular systematic in order to clarify genera and species of Pamphaginae from China and establish a new taxonomic system of Pamphaginae.
The introduction of this thesis introduces briefly the systematics of Orthoptera and Acridoidea; the naming, distribution, evolution, taxonomic status, taxonomic system of Pamphagidae; the taxonomic characteristics of all subfamilies of Pamphagidae from China and summaries the survey of systematics study of Pamphaginae and Pamphagidae from China and the world.
In the morphology study of Pamphaginae, above 300 specimens were examined carefully collected from Provinces of Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Shanxi and Jiangsu by morphological method and named 2 new genera and 2 new species: first Sinohaplotropis Cao et Yin, 2008 (type species Sinohaplotropis elunchuna Cao et Yin, 2008) is allied to Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure,1888, but“subgenital plate of male triangle, apex bifurcate in dorsal view”; second Pseudohaplotropis gen. n. (type species Pseudohaplotropis culaishanica sp.n.) differs Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure,1888 and Sinohaplotropis Cao et Yin, 2008 by median keel of pronotum rised highly and obviously, the height larger than the longitudinal diameter of eyes.
The above 2 new genera and 2 new species were verified by molecular systematic study. In this chapter, based on the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA partial sequences of the species of Pamphaginae from Jiagedaqi, Inner Mongolia and Culai Mount, Shandong Province sequenced and of some relative species indexed from GenBank, the homologus sequences were compared, the molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed and the phylogenetic relationships of Pamphaginae in China were investigated. The result of sequences compared shows that the percentage of 0.8 of the divergence of the basic group sequences in Pamphagidae is a kind of divergence in genus level, so the percentage of 1.3 of the divergence of the sequences between Pseudohaplotropis gen. n and Sinohaplotropis shows that the divergence between the two genera arrive at genus level; the percentages 4.6-11.0 and 2.9-10.2 separately of the divergence of the two genera with other 12 genera in Pamphagidae also support the establishing of the two new genera.
The distributional map of all genera and species of Pamphaginae from China is drawn and the landscape photographs of all species are also given for showing the diversity and protective coloration.
This thesis established a new taxonomic system of Pamphaginae. The kinds of Pamphaginae in China add up to 3 genera and 4 species: Haplotropis Saussure,1888, Sinohaplotropis Cao et Yin, 2008, Pseudohaplotropis gen.n.; Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure, 1888, Haplotropis neimongolensis Yin, 1982 Sinohaplotropis elunchuna Cao et Yin, 2008 and Pseudohaplotropis culaishanica sp.n from 1 genus and 2 spices. The key to genera and species of Pamphaginae from China, the key to subfamilies and genera of Pamphagidae from China and the key to genera of Pamphaginae from Eurasia are given. The descriptions and photographs of all spices (holotype) are also given.
This thesis discussed the systematics evolution of Pamphaginae and its cryptic species and subspecies; checked that the original descriptions of Haplotropis Saussure, 1888 are“median keel of pronotum nearly straight or slightly rise, the height not larger than the longitudinal diameter of eyes and not cut by hind transverse sulcus”; held that it is worth counseling that Xia etc.(1994) regarded Sulcotropis Yin & Chou, 1979 as the synonym of Haplotropis Saussure, 1888 according to the mating between both individuals, because they maybe can’t inseminate, not hybrid, or the hybrid unreproducible if hybrid present. So, the conclusion can be made sure after must doing some molecular systematic and cytotaxonomy study, even making deep hybridization experiments.
引文
蔡邦华.1956.昆虫分类学(上册).北京:财政经济出版社,193,201-202.
蔡邦华,侯陶谦,宋士美.1965.松毛虫的种间杂交及杂种生物学的初步观察.昆虫学报, 14(4):347-358.
常罡,廉振民.2004.中国蝗总科昆虫生物多样性研究进展.延安大学学报(自然科学版), 23(2):77-83.
常青,周开亚.1998.分子进化研究中系统发生树的重建.生物多样性,6(1):55-62.
车晋滇,杨建国,胡彬.2006.北京地区蝗虫种类研究及其垂直分布调查.昆虫知识, 43(2):254-257.
陈文强,邓百万.2001.生物表型进化与分子进化的联系和差异.汉中师范学院学报(自然科学版),19(3):82-85.
陈发炜,段希运,李敬瑞等.1996.笨蝗的发生规律与防治技术研究.植物医生,4:18-19.
陈辉.1999.生态遗传学与物种形成和进化.陕西林业科技,2:77-81,76.
陈世騠,沈默.1964.贺兰疙蝗Pseudotmethis alashanicus B.-Bieko的染色体研究.动物学报,16(1):1-6.
陈世骧.1987.进化论与分类学(第二版).北京:科学出版社.
陈学新.1997.昆虫生物地理学.北京:中国林业出版社.
陈英水.1999.生殖隔离浅析.生物学通报,34(1):20-21.
陈阅增等.1997.普通生物学——生命科学通论.北京:高等教育出版社.
成新跃,周红章,张广学.2000.分子生物学技术在昆虫系统学研究中的应用.动物分类学报,25(2):121-133.
董振远,刘寿山.1987.唐山地区的蝗虫种类及其分布.昆虫知识,24(5):265-267.
傅鹏,郑哲民.1988.五种短鼻蝗染色体C带核型的比较分析(直翅目:癞蝗科).陕西师大学报,16(增刊):49-55.
傅鹏,郑哲民.1989.两种华癞蝗的染色体C-带核型.遗传,11(3):26-28.
傅鹏,郑哲民.1991.两种短鼻蝗的染色体C-带核型.遗传,13(5):16-18.
甘肃省蝗虫调查协作组.1985.甘肃蝗虫图志.兰州:甘肃人民出版社,17-18.
葛风伟,季荣,曾献春等.2007.西伯利亚蝗基因组DNA提取及RAPD分析条件的优化.昆虫知识,44(4):505-508.
根井正利,库马著(吕宝忠,钟杨,高莉萍等译).2002.分子进化与系统发育.北京:高等教育出版社.
韩雅莉.2001.六种蝗虫基因组DNA多态性的RAPD标记研究.汕头大学学报(自然科学版),16(1):39-43.
韩雅莉,谭竹均,郑哲民.1998.斑翅蝗科部分种类的酯酶同工酶研究(直翅目:蝗总科).昆虫分类学报,20(3):157-162.
侯建军,鲁胜平,张宏.2003.关于生物分子进化和分子适应策略的研究.湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版),21(4):28-31.
胡婧.2006.笨蝗线粒体基因组测序及节肢动物线粒体基因重排的系统发育分析.陕西师范大学硕士学位论文.
黄大卫.2001.生物系统学面临的难题.动物学报,47(5):593-597.
黄原,郑哲民.1989.四种癞蝗过氧化物酶同工酶的初步研究.动物学研究9(4): 384, 394.
黄原,郑哲民.1990.数种癞蝗酯酶同工酶的比较研究及其在分类上的应用.昆虫学报, 33(2):149-154.
黄原.1995.昆虫核酸分子系统学研究进展.昆虫分类学报,17(3):180-184.
黄原.1998.分子系统学——原理、方法及应用.北京:中国农业出版社,1-370.
蒋国芳,郑哲民.2001.蝗虫分子系统学研究进展.昆虫知识,38(2):81-86.
金杏宝,夏凯龄.1981.发音器在蝗虫分类中应用的初步研究.昆虫学研究集刊(第二集):183-185.
金杏宝.1984.癞蝗科部分种类的克劳斯器表面结构比较.昆虫学研究集刊,4:277-286.
金杏宝,夏凯龄.1981.发音器在蝗虫分类中应用的初步研究.昆虫学研究集刊,(2): 183-185.
李炳文,秘雪金,刘炳明.1992.笨蝗发生规律和防治方法的研究.病虫测报,12(1): 17-18.
李春选,马恩波,郑先云.2003.中国4种蝗虫不同种群的遗传分化.遗传学报,30(3):234 -244.
李华荣,马世寅,常兆芝等.1992.笨蝗消长因素及防治研究.山东农业科学,3:41-43. 李难.2005.进化生物学基础.北京:高等教育出版社. 李新江.2004.中国癞蝗科Pamphagidae系统学研究(直翅目:蝗总科).河北大学硕士学位论文.
李新江,张道川,王文强等.2005.基于16S rDNA部分序列的6种短鼻蝗的分子系统学(直翅目:蝗总科).动物学报,51(增刊):138-142.
李新江,张道川,张悦等.2003.河北蝗虫区系研究.河北大学学报(自然科学版),23(2): 175-179.
李新江,张道川,王文强.2005.中国两种波腿蝗(蝗总科:癞蝗科)染色体C-带核型研究.遗传,27(5):735-740.
廉振民,梁沛.1999.太白山蝗虫的垂直分布及区系分析.陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版) ,27(1):95-99.
梁鉻球,郑哲民.1994.中国蝗总科(Acridoidea)昆虫分类研究综述.昆虫知识,31(2): 119-121.
刘殿锋,蒋国芳.2005.基于18S rDNA的蝗总科分子系统发育关系研究及分类系统探讨.昆虫学报,48(2):232-241.
刘殿锋,蒋国芳.2005.核基因序列在昆虫分子系统学上的应用.动物分类学报,30(3): 484-492.
刘殿锋,赵俊杰,陶令霞等.2007.RAPD技术和DNA序列在蝗虫分子系统学研究中的应用.四川动物,26(1):227-229.
刘鹤玲,刘奇.2006.分子进化中性学说对达尔文进化论的冲击和完善.广西社会科学, 4:13-16.
刘花.2002.笨蝗的生物学.生物学通讯,7:11.
刘举鹏.1979.新疆维吾尔自治区的蝗虫研究:贝蝗属二新种记述(直翅目:蝗总科).昆虫学报,22(4):448-452.
刘举鹏.1982.短鼻蝗属一新种(直翅目:蝗总科).昆虫分类学报,4(1-2):75-76.
刘举鹏.1990.中国蝗虫鉴定手册.陕西:天则出版社.
刘举鹏.1991.蝗卵形态结构与蝗虫系统发育关系的初步研究.系统进化动物学论文集.北京:中国科学技术出版社.
刘举鹏.1995.癞蝗科(Pamphagidae)在中国的分布和演化.昆虫分类学报,17(增刊): 111-116.
刘伟,陈晓峰,王瑛.1998.rDNA在昆虫纲系统发育研究中的应用.昆虫知识,35(2): 123-126,122.
刘晓英,刘建文,蒋国芳.2005.直翅目昆虫分子系统学研究新进展.昆虫知识,42(5): 496-501.
刘晓英,廉振民.2004.现代生物技术在蝗虫生物系统学研究中的应用.陕西农业科学学, 2(6):65-68.
刘志瑾,任宝平,魏辅文等.2004.关于物种形成机制及物种定义的新观点.动物分类学报, 29(4):827-830.
林育真,李玉仙,岳巧云等.1994.济南市郊笨蝗生态习性的研究.济南大学学报, 4(4):48-53.
芦荣胜,常岩林,秦邦才等.2002.山西蝗虫名录.山西师范大学学报(自然科学版),16(1): 58-62.
马恩波,欧晓红,乔格侠,郑哲民.2000.蝗总科染色体研究及科级综合比较(直翅目).昆虫分类学报,22(1):6-10.
马恩波,任竹梅,郭亚平.2002.中国小稻蝗种内多态性研究.山西大学学报(自然科学版),25(2):163-167.
马兰.2007.线粒体基因在我国蝗虫分子系统学中的研究进展.陕西农业科学,(4): 91-93.
马兰,黄原.2005.生物分类学发展的新方向——DNA分类学.黄冈师范学院学报,25(3): 40-43.
马耀,李鸿昌,康乐.1991.内蒙古草地昆虫.陕西:天则出版社.
麦尔E.等著[郑作新等译].1965.动物分类学的方法与原理.北京:科学出版社.
孟德荣,金世雄.2002.沧州市郊区蝗虫的初步调查.昆虫知识,39(2):120-122.
潘宝平.2002.生物进化理论的新进展.生物学通报,37(2):8-10.
乔卿梅,程茂高,原国辉.2006.蝗虫线粒体DNA(mtDNA)研究概况.河南农业科学,12:8-10.
任炳忠,张凤岭,郑一平.1992.黑龙江省蝗虫的调查研究.国土与自然资源研究,2:62 -63,74.
任炳忠,姜兆文,高毅.1993.辽宁省蝗虫的地理分布及区系特点.国土与自然资源研究,3: 60-63.
任炳忠,杨凤清.1993.吉林省蝗虫的区域分布特征.东北师大学报(自然科学版),4:54 -58.
任长江.2003.当代生物进化论研究新进展.延安大学学报(自然科学版),22(4):70-72.
任竹梅,马恩波,郭亚平.2002.蝗总科部分种类Cytb基因序列及系统进化研究.遗传学报,29(4):314-321.
任竹梅,马恩波,郭亚平.2002.山稻蝗及相关物种Cytb基因序列及其遗传关系.遗传学报,29(6):507-513.
任竹梅,马恩波,郭亚平,2003.不同地域小稻蝗mtDNA部分序列及其相互关系.昆虫学报,46(1):51-57.
邵红光,严健等.1999.新疆荒漠束颈蝗属及其近、远缘种的线粒体DNA RFLP与系统进化.昆虫学报,42(2):132-139.
邵红光.2000.关于节肢动物系统分类与进化的分子佐证.动物分类学报,25(1):1-7.
沈银柱.2002.进化生物学.北京:高等教育出版社.
苏传东.1996.山东淄博市蝗虫种类分布调查报告.河北大学学报(自然科学版),16(5):32-35.
孙继英,傅鹏,郑哲民.2004.两种突颜蝗的染色体C带核型研究.遗传,26(6):870-874.
孙立德,刘雅君,高成山等.1990.喀左县笨蝗生长与温湿度关系及长期预测的研究.生态学杂志,9(2):56-58.
孙晓玲,任炳忠,赵卓等.2006.东北地区不同生境内蝗虫区系的比较.生态学杂志,25(3):286-289.
孙毅.1994.现代达尔文主义学派的成就及其不足.生物学杂志,(4):21-24.
孙毅,张伟.2004.分子生物学与进化的新理论.生物学杂志,21(5):16-17.
唐伯平,周开亚,宋大祥.1999.分子系统学的发展及现状.生物学通报,34(5):10-13.
田方文,孙福来.2003.滨州市蝗虫种类调查与防治.农药,42(7):39-41.
同号文.1997.物种形成方式及成种理论述评.古生物学报,36(3):387-399.
万冬梅,张凤岭,任炳忠.1997.向海自然保护区蝗虫区系的初步研究.辽宁大学学报(自然科学版),24(2):85-90.
王备新,杨莲芳.2002.线粒体DNA序列特点与昆虫系统学研究.昆虫知识,39(2):88 -92.
王根庆.1994.分子进化中性理论的进展.天津师大学报(自然科学版),14(4):65-71.
汪桂玲,郑哲民,黄原.2000.疣蝗5个种群间遗传分化的RAPD分析.陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),28(3):101-103.
汪桂玲,郑哲民,黄原.2000.蝗总科5科蝗虫间RAPD带型变异的比较研究.陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),28(1):83-85,90.
王林瑶,张广学.1983.昆虫标本技术.北京:科学出版社.
王文强.2005.欧亚大陆斑翅蝗科昆虫的系统学研究(直翅目:蝗总科).河北大学博士学位论文.
王文强,张道川,李新江等.2003.陕北高原蝗虫资源调查及区系分析.延安大学学报(自然科学版),22(3):68-71,79.
王晓安.2006.四种蝗虫脑一氧化氮合酶组织化学比较研究.鲁东大学学报(自然科学版),22(3):211-215.
王鑫,黄兵.2006.DNA条形编码技术在动物分类中的研究进展.生物技术通报,(4):67 -72.
武云飞.2004.系统生物学.青岛:中国海洋大学出版社.
奚耕思,郑哲民.1984.甘肃癞蝗科新种记述.昆虫分类学报,4(1):37-42.
奚耕思,郑哲民.1985.癞蝗科一新种.陕西师大学报,4:50-52.
奚耕思,郑哲民.1986.锥头蝗科和癞蝗科的数值分类.陕西师大学报,1986,3:47-54.
奚耕思,郑哲民.1986.内蒙蝗虫二新种记述(直翅目:癞蝗科).昆虫学报,29(2):190 -193.
奚耕思,郑哲民.1993.内蒙古华癞蝗属一新种(直翅目:癞蝗科).动物分类学报,18(2): 193-195.
奚耕思,郑哲民.1995.短翅华癞蝗精子发生中尾部的演化过程及与飞蝗有关内容的比较(直翅目:蝗总科).昆虫分类学报,17(3):162-168.
奚耕思,郑哲民.1996a.三种短鼻蝗精子超微结构的比较研究(直翅目、蝗总科).昆虫分类学报,18(4):243-248.
奚耕思,郑哲民.1996b.四种癞蝗精子的比较.昆虫分类学报,8(2):87-93.
奚耕思,郑哲民.1997.蝗总科精子超微结构形态比较及其在系统分类上的意义.昆虫分类学报,19(1):1-9.
席瑞华,刘举鹏.1986.内蒙古蝗卵的形态记述.动物世界,3(2-3):67-72.
夏凯龄.1958.中国蝗科分类概要.北京:科学出版社.
夏凯龄等.1994.中国动物志(昆虫纲,第四卷).北京:科学出版社.
肖金花,肖晖,黄大卫.2004.生物分类学的新动向——DNA条形编码.动物学报,50(5):852-855.
谢娟英,许升全,蒋国芳等.1996.秦岭南北5地中华稻蝗(Oxyachinensis)的亲缘关系.广西科学,6(4):304-306.
徐庆刚,花保桢.2001.线粒体DNA在昆虫系统学研究中的应用.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),29(增刊):79-83.
许升全.2002.中国癞蝗科13属昆虫的支序系统学研究.动物科学,239-243.
许升全,郑哲民.1999.蝗总科雌性下生殖板的比较研究及分类价值(I:形态学研究).陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),27(2):67-74.
许升全,郑哲民.1999.蝗总科昆虫雌性下生殖板及系统发育研究(直翅目).昆虫分类学报,21(2):79-83.
徐亚君.1990.安徽蝗虫种类及其区系初析.安徽农业科学,4:346-351.
颜忠诚,陈永林.1997.内蒙古锡林河流域不同生境中蝗虫种类组成的分析.昆虫学报40(3):271-275.
杨继.1991.数量分析方法在种内变异研究中的运用.植物学通报,8(1):30-36.
杨业华.2000.普通遗传学.北京:高等教育出版社.
叶维萍,叶海燕,卢慧甍等.2005.基于线粒体12S rRNA和ND5基因序列的中国飞蝗属3亚种系统发育关系研究.昆虫分类学报,27(1):5-13.
印红,刘晓丽,王彦芳等.2002.一种改进的昆虫基因组DNA的提取方法.河北大学学报(自然科学版),22(1):80-82.
印红,张道川,毕智丽等.2003.蝗总科部分种类16S rDNA的分子系统发育关系.遗传学报,30(8):766-772.
印红,李新江,王文强等.2004.基于核内核糖体小亚基序列的蝗总科系统发育关系分析.昆虫学报,47(6):809-814.
尹长民.2001.初论蜘蛛目的种内变异类型.蛛形学报,10(2):1-7.
尹文英,梁爱萍.1998.有关节肢动物分类的几个问题.动物分类学报,23(4):337-341.
印象初,周尧.1979.陕西省蝗虫2新属3新种.昆虫分类学报,1(2):125-130.
印象初.1982.中国蝗总科分类系统的研究.高原生物学集刊,第一集.
印象初.1984.青藏高原的蝗虫.北京:科学出版社.
印象初.1990.北美洲(包括大安的列斯和夏威夷群岛)镌瓣亚目Cealifera(蝗亚目Acridoidea)的分类(直翅目Orthoptera).高原生物学集刊,第九集.
印象初,印红.1999.回顾蝗虫分类的历程.生物学通报,34(2):1-2.
印象初,印红,张道川,施鉴屏.2000.关于蝗虫类种属比率的研究.河北大学学报(自然科学版),20(2):109-114.
印象初,印红,周可新等.1997.欧亚大陆蝗总科分类系统的研究.中国昆虫学会第六届全国代表大会暨学术讨论会论文摘要集.
袁锋.1996.昆虫分类学.北京:中国农业出版社.
曾维铭,蒋国芳,张大羽等.2004.用12S rRNA基因序列研究斑腿蝗科二属六种的进化关系.昆虫学报,47(2):248-252.
张长荣.1989.河北的蝗虫.石家庄:河北科学技术出版社,57-61.
张道川.2005.欧亚大陆癞蝗科系统分类学研究(直翅目:蝗总科).中国科学院西北高原生物研究所博士学位论文.
张道川,刘磊,李新江.2005.癞蝗动物地理学初步研究.动物学报,51(增刊):60-63.
张凤岭,金杏宝.1985.大兴安岭蝗虫区系的初步调查.昆虫学研究集刊,5:207-219.
张洪亮,董慈祥,杨青蕊等.1996.鲁西南蝗虫种类初步调查.华东昆虫学报,5(2):101 -103.
张建珍,马恩波,郭亚平.2003.稻蝗属部分种类RAPD及其分子系统学关系.遗传学报30(6):533-539.
张民照,康乐.2001.飞蝗总DNA的抽提及其RAPD分析条件的摸索.动物学研究,22(1): 20-26.
张明伟,王桂清,刘振.1998.辽宁地区蝗虫种类和分布的初步研究.辽宁林业科技术,3: 13-17.
张荣祖.1999.中国动物地理.北京:科学出版社.
张兴礼,王家纯,甘棠录.1978.兰州及其邻近地区蝗虫的研究附癞蝗科一新种昆虫学报,21(3):320-324.
张亚平.1996.从DNA序列到物种树.动物学研究,17(3):247-252.
张亚平,施立明.1992.动物线粒体DNA多态性的研究概况.动物学研究,13(3):289-298
张昀.1998.生物进化.北京:北京大学出版社.
赵建铭,虞佩玉等.1954.微山湖和洪泽湖区常见的蝗虫.北京:财政经济出版社,37-39.
赵清山,邬文波,吕国平等.1992.松毛虫的杂交遗传试验.昆虫学报,35(1):28-32.
郑哲民,梁鉻球.1963.陕西省蝗虫的初步调查报告.动物学报,15(3):461-470.
郑哲民,邱琼华.1965.宁夏回族自治区中部及陕西省北部地区蝗虫的调查.昆虫学报,14(6):576-590.
郑哲民,高兆宁.1981.宁甘地区蝗虫的新种.昆虫学报,24(1):72-77.
郑哲民.1985.陕西省癞蝗科一新种.陕西师大学报,2:82-85.
郑哲民.1985.中国癞蝗科一新属.陕西师大学报,3:79-81.
郑哲民,傅鹏.1989.中国癞蝗科蝗虫二新种(直翅目).陕西师大学报(自然科学版),17(1):64-69.
郑哲民.1989.辽宁省蝗虫的初步调查.湖北大学学报(自然科学版),11(4):67-75.
郑哲民,许文贤,廉振民等.1990.陕西蝗虫.西安:陕西师大出版社.
郑哲民,万力生等.1992.宁夏蝗虫.西安:陕西师大出版社.
郑哲民.1993.蝗虫分类学.西安:陕西师范大学出版社.
郑哲民,席碧侠.1996.蝗虫前肠形态及分类学价值的研究(Ⅰ.癞蝗科、瘤锥蝗科和锥头蝗科).陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),24(4):61-67.
郑哲民,乔格侠.1998.中国蝗总科昆虫科间系统发育关系支序分析(直翅目:蝗亚目) .动物分类学报,23(3):276-280.
郑哲民.2003.中国蝗虫的分类学研究.陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),31(专辑): 46-58.
钟扬,张亮,赵琼.2001.简明生物信息学.北京:高等教育出版社.
周红章.2000.物种与物种多样性.生物多样性,8(2):215-226.
周尧.1963.有关昆虫分类学的一些观点.昆虫学报,12(5-6):586-596.
朱道弘.2007.飞蝗抱对行为的进化意义及两型间相异的交配策略.昆虫知识,44(4): 472-476.
朱道弘,ANDO Yoshikazu.2004.稻蝗属三近缘种间的生殖隔离机制及其进化意义.昆虫学报,47(1):67-72.
左家哺,彭代文,廖仁彩.1995.物种概念、形成方式及其划分标准的新进展.湖南林专学报,试刊1:80-85.
Ander, K. 1939. Vergleichend-anatomische und phylogenetische studien uber die Ensifera (saltatoria). Opusc. Enr. Suppl. II, Lund.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Y.) 1926. On some new or interesting Asiatic Orthoptera. Izvest. Zapadno-Sibirsk. Otd. R. Geogr. O-Va, Omsk 5: sep. 1-5, 2 figs.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Y.) 1929. Studies on the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Manchuria. Konowia Vienna 8: 104-105, 97-110, 2 figs.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Y.) 1941. New or little known Orthoptera discovered in U.S.S.R. [In Russian.] Mem.Inst. agron. Leningrad no. 4: 147-159, 3 figs.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Y.) 1948. Acridids of the tribe Thrinchini (Orthoptera: Acrididae), collected by Russian investigators in Mongolia and limitrophic China. [In Russian.] Ent. Obozr., Moscow 30: 3-16, 10 figs.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Y.) 1949. Two new species of Acridids (Orthoptera: Arcididae) from the range Terskei Alatau in central Tyan’Shan’. [In Russian.] Ent. Obozr., Moscow 30: 318-320, 2 figs.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Ya.) & Mistshenko, L. L. 1951. Acridoidea of the fauna of the USSR and neighbouring countries. Pts. 1 and 2. [In Russian.] Opred. Faune SSSR, Moscow 38 378 pp., 816 figs. 40, 667 pp., 1318 figs.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Y.) 1957. New and interesting grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Iran. [In Russian with English summary.] Zool. Zhurn., Moscow 36: 1698-1703, 3 figs.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Y.) 1960. Some new Acridoidea from North China, and their zoogeographical importance. [In Russian.] Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow 128: 414-417, 2 figs. [see also Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR. Transl. Biol. Sci., Washington 128:911-914.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Y.) 1963. Sur les insectes Orthopteroides de l’Afghanistan. [In Russian.] Trudy vsesoyuan. ent. Obshch., Leningrad 49: 249-284, 13 figs.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Y.) 1967. Some Orthopteroid insects of the orders Blattoptera, Orthoptera and Dermaptera from Afghanistan. Acta ent. bohemoslovaca 64(1): 407-438, 19 figs. [In Russian, English and Czech summaries]
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Ya.) & Mistshenko, L. L. 1951. Acridoidea of the fauna of the USSR and neighbouring countries. Pts. 1 and 2. [In Russian.] Opred. Faune SSSR, Moscow 38 378 pp., 816 figs. 40, 667 pp., 1318 figs.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. .1962. On the general classification of insects. Rev. d’Entom. USSR., 41, 1: 6-21.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Ya.) & Mistshenko, L. L. 1963. Locusts and grasshoppers of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. Part I. Translated from the Russian. Jerusalem, Israel Sci. Transi. iv+[i]+400-XXI+[i] pp., 816 figs. [See Z.R. 88 No.188]
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Ya.) & Mistshenko, L. L. 1963. Locusts and grasshoppers of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. Part II. Translated from the Russian. Jerusalem, Israel Progr. Sci. Transi. 4+291[+1]-xxi[+i] pp., figs. 817-1318 [See Z.R. 88 No.188]
Bensasson, D., Zhang, D. X. and Hewitt, G. M. 2000. Frequent Assimilation of Mitochondrial DNA by Grasshopper Nuclear Genomes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17(3): 406-415.
Bensasson D,Petrov D A,Zhang D X,et al.2001.Genomic gigantism:DNA loss is slow in mountain grasshoppers.Mol Bio Evol, 18(2):246-253.
Bolivar, I. 1876. Sinopsis de los Orthopteros de Espana y Portugal. An. Soc. Esp. v: 79-130.
Bolivar, I. 1878. Sinopsis de los Orthoptera de Espana y Portugal. An. Soc. Esp. vii: 63-118, pls. iii-v.
Bolivar, I. 1878. Analecta Orthopterologica. An. Soc. Esp. vii: 423-470.
Bolivar, I. 1884. Monografia de los Pirgomorfinos. An. Soc. Esp. xiii: 1-73 & 420- 500
Bolivar, I. 1902. Orthopteros nuevos de Espana. Bol. Soc. espan. ii: 86-88.
Bolivar, I. 1907. Los Pamphagus de Marruecos. Bol. Soc. esp. Hist. nat. 7: 325-337.
Bolivar, I. 1908. Acridarachnea gen. nov. Nuevo genero proximo al Acrida (L.) St?l. Madrid. Bol. Ann. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 8: 418-420
Bolivar, I. 1912. Estudios Entomologicos, i. Los panfanginos palearticos, ii, El genero Sciobia Burm. (Platyblemmus Serv.) iii El genero Hieroplyphus Krauss y otros proximos. Trabajos Mus. Cienc. Nat. Madrid Ser. Zool. No. 4: 1-62.
Bolivar, I. 1913. Description de cinq especies nouvelles d’Orthopteres (quatre trouvees par. M. H. Gadeau de Kerville en Syrie et une provenaut de Perse). Sci. nat. Bull. Soc. Rouen. 47: 31-38.
Bolivar, I. 1921. En memoria del R. P. Jóseph Pantel. S. J. Observaciones sobre orthopteros espanoles. Mem. R. Soc. Hist. nat. Madrid Tomo extraord. pp. 446- 460, 5 figs.
Bolivar, J. 1887. Especies nuevas o criticas de Orthopteros. An. Soc. Esp. xvi: 89-114, pl. v.
Bolivar, J. 1893. Liste des Orthopteres recueillis en Sgrie par le Dr. Theod. Barrois. Rev. biol. Nord France. V: 476-489.
Boufersaoui, A. & Matz, G. 1969. Etude de Pamphagus elephas L. Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. N. 59: 155-163, 3 figs.
Butlin R K,Walton C,Monk K A,et al.Biogeography of Sulawesi grasshoppers, genus Chitaura, using DNA sequence data.Hall R,Holloway J D,Rosen B R.Biogeog Geolo Evol SE Asia.1998.355-359.
Cejchan, A. 1965. A preliminary revision of the genus Glyphotmethis Bey-Bienko (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae). Sb. ent. Odd. nar. Mus. Praze 36: 451-484, 93 figs.
Chapco, W. & Litzenberger, G. 2002. A molecular phylogenetic study of two relict speices of Melanopline grasshoppers. Genome, 45(2): 313-318.
Chapco, W. et al. 1992. A feasibility study of the use of random amplified ploymorphic DNA in the population genetics and systematics of grasshoppers. Genome, 35(4): 569-574.
Chapco, W., Kuperus, W. R., Litzenberger, G. 1999. Molecular Phylogeny of Melanopline Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae): The Genus Melanoplus. Annals of the Entomological Society of American, 92(4): 617-623.
Chapco, W., Litzenberger, G., Kuperus, W. R. 2001. A Molecular Biogeographic Analysis of the Relationship between North American Melanoploid Grasshoppers and Their Eurasian and South American Relatives. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 18(3): 460-466.
Chapco, W., Martel, R. K. B., Kuperus, W. R. 1997. Molecular Phylogeny of North American band-winged grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Annals of the Entomological Society of American, 90(5): 555-562.
Chen H H, Zhao Y X, Kang L. 2003.Antennal sensilla of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in relation to food preferences and habits. J. Biosci.,28(6):743-752.
Chen S. T..1937. Chromosome studies in Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure(Order Orthoptera).Peking Nat. Hist. Bull.12:79-94.
Chopard, L. 1957. Orthopteroides. Mem. Inst. sci. Madagascar, Tananarive (E) 8: 31-56, 11 figs.
Chopard, L. 1958a. La reserve naturelle integrale du Mont Nimba, fasciule IV. III. Acridiens (Mission M. Lamotte, fevrier-juin 1942). Mem. Inst. Franc. Afr. Noire, Dakar 53: 127-153, 7 figs.
Chopard, L. 1958b. Orthopteroidea. Resultats de l'expedition zoologique du Professeur Dr Hakan Lindberg aux iles du Cap Vert durant l'hiver 1953-1954. No. 16. Commentat. Biol.Helsingfors 17: 1-17, 5 figs.
Chopard, L. 1962. Insectes orthopteroides recoltes par le Professeur Dr H. Lindberg a Madere et dans les iles voisines. Notul. ent. Helsinki, 42: 67-70, 1 fig.
Chopard, L. 1963. Orthopteroides recoltes par M. J. Mateu dans l'Ennedi et au Tchad. Bull. Inst. franc. Afr. noire (A) 25: 559-571, 4 figs.
Chernyakhovskij, M. E. 1979. [A new species of Pamphagidae, Saxetania pravdini Tshern., sp. n. (Orthoptera) from Badkhyz.]. Trudy vses. ent. Obshch. 61: 13-15, illustr. [In Russian] Clemente M, Garma C,De Sola B G, et al. 2001. Steep variation in mitochondrial DNA and B chromosomes among natural populations ofEyprepocnemis plorans (Acrididae). Hereditas, 134(2):135-140.
DAO-CHUAN ZHANG, XIN-JIANG LI, WEN-QIANG WANG, et al. 2005. Molecular phylogeny of some genera of Pamphagidae(Acridoidea,Orthoptera)from China based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequence. ZOOTAXA, 1103:41-49
Defaut, B. 1987. Determination des orthopteroides ouest-paleactiques l. Tetrigidae de france, Iberie et Maghreb (Caelifera) 2. Pamphagidae: le genre Euryparyphes au Maro? (Caelifera). Entomologiste (Paris) 43(3): 161-171, illustr. [In French]
Demirsoy, A. 1973. Revision der anatolischen Pamphaginae (Saltatoria, Caelifera, Pamphagidae). Entomologische Mitt. zool. St Inst. zool. Mus Hamburg 4(83): 403- 428, 50 figs
Descamps, M. 1967. (2) Revue et diagnose preliminaire de quelques Pamphagidae et Acrididae d’Iran. [Orth. Acridoidea.] Bull Sco. ent. Fr. 72: 27-37.
Descamps, M. & Mounassif, M. 1972. Le complexe Orchamus, Paracinipe, Acinipe et Pamphagus (Acridomorpha, Pamphagidae), Acrida 1: 247~ 303.
Dirsh, V. M. 1927. Studies on Orethoptera from Turkestan and Persia. Bol. Soc. esp. Hist. nat. Madrid 27: 290-302, 3 figs.
Dirsh, V. M. 1950.A contribution to the fauna of Acrididae of Syria and neighbouring countries. Eos Madrid 26: 55-71, 6 figs. 1 map.
Dirsh, V. M. 1952. A study of the genus Tropidauchen Saussure (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Proc. R. ent. Soc. London (B) 21: 94-109, 2 pls. 35 figs. 1 map.
Dirsh, V. M. 1958 Synonymic and taxonomic notes on Acridoidea (Orthoptera). Eos Madrid 34: 25-32.
Dirsh, V. M. 1958. Acridological notes. Tijdschr. Ent., Amsterdam 101: 51-63, 34 figs.
Dirsh, V. M. 1961. Notes on Acridoidea of Africa, Madagascar and Asia (Orthoptera). Eos., Madrid 37: 379-398, 24 figs.
Dirsh, V. M. 1961. A preliminary revison of the families and subfamilies of Acridoidea (Orthoptera, Insecta). Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London Ent. 10: 351-419, 34 figs.
Dirsh, V. M. 1965. The African genera of Acridoidea. Cambridge, Univ. Press xiii+ [i]+578+[2]+pp., 452 figs.
Dirsh, V. M. 1973. Genital organs in Acridomorphoidea (Insecta) as taxonomic character. Z. f. zool. Syst. U. Evolutionsforschung. Bd.II, H, 2: 133-154.
Dirsh, V. M. 1973. Natural parameters of systematics. Forma et Functio, 6: 293-304.
Dirsh, V. M. 1975. Classificatiojn of the Acridomorphoid insects. E. W. Classey Ltd, Farringdon, Oxon. 1-171, 74 figs.
Felsenstein, J.2002.PHYLIP: Phylogeny Inference Package. Version 3.6(alpha3). Downloaded from: http://evolution.gs.washington.edu/phylip.html.
Flook, P. K., Rowell, C. H. F. and Gellissen, G. 1995. The sequence, organization and evolution of the Locusta migratoria mitochondrial genome. J. Mol. Evol., 41: 928-941.
Flook, P. K. & Rowell, C. H. F. 1997. The Phylogeny of the Caelifera (Insecta, Orthoptera) as deduced from mt rRNA gene sequences. Mol. Phyl. Evol., 8: 89-103.
Flook, P. K. & Rowell, C. H. F. 1997. The effectiveness of mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences for the reconstruction of the phylogeny of an insect order, Orthoptera. Mol. Phyl. Evol., 8: 177-192.
Flook, P. K. & Rowell, C.H.F. 1997. The phylogeny of the Caelifera (Insecta, Orthoptera) as deduced from mt rRNA gene sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 8 (1): 89-103.
Flook, P. K. & Rowell, C.H.F. 1998. Inferences about orthopteroid phylogeny and molecular evolution from small subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Insect Molecular Biology, 7 (2): 163-178.
Flook, P.K., Klee S, Rowell, C.H.F.1999.Combined molecular analysis of the Orthoptera and implications for their higher systematics. Syst Bio, 48 (2): 233-253.
Flook, P.K., Klee S, Rowell, C.H.F. 2000.Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Pneumoroidea (Orthoptera, Caelifera): molecular data resolve morphological character conflicts in the basal acridomorpha. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 15 (3): 345-354.
Gomez, R., Llorente, V. & Press, J. J. 1990. Navasius sulcatus (Bolivar, 1912): description del macho y datos sobre la biologia de esta especie (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae). Eos. Rev. Esp Entomol. 65(1): 31-38, illustr. [In Spanish with English summary]
Granata, L.:1910. Le cinesi spermatogenetiche de Pamphagus marmoratus (Burm.). Arch. Zellforsch. 5:182-214.
Gregory PG, Howard DJ.1993.Laboratory hybridization studies of Allonemobius fasciatus and A.socius(Orthoptera:Gryllidae).Ann.Entomol.Soc.Am.,86:694-701.
Guangming Huo,Guofang Jiang, Zhengli Sun,et al.2007.Phylogenetic Reconstruction of the Family Acrypteridae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) Based on Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene.Journal of Genetics and Genomics,34(4): 294-306.
Guljaeva, O. N., Shevchenko A. I., Vysotskaya L. V., Sergeev M. G. 2001. Possible Phylogenetic Relations of Some Holarctic Acridids as Derived from Mitochondrial Ribosomal RNA Sequences. The Systematics Symposium of the International Orthopterists Meetings in Montpellier, France. Poster 22.
Handlirsch, A. 1908. Die fossilen Insecten und die Phylogenie der rezenten Formen. Leipzig.
Harz, K. 1975. Die Orthopteren Europas 2. Series Ent. 11: 62-195, figs.208-710.
H.D. Loxdale1,G. Lushai.1998.Molecular markers in entomology.Bulletin of Entomological Research ,8:77–600.
Hennig, W. 1950. Grundzüge einer theorie der phylogenetischen systematic.Berlin: Deutscher Zentralverlag.
Hennig, W. 1965. Phylogenetic systematics. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 10: 97-116. Http://osf2.orthoptera.org/HomePage.aspx
Kevan, D. K. McE. 1964. Pamphagidae Burmister, 1840, and Pyrgomorphiae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1874: proposed addition to the Offcial List of Family-Group Names in Zoology, and further proposals arising there from (Insecta: Orthoptera). Z. N. (S). 1650, Bull. zool. Nom., London 21: 377.
Kirby, W. F. 1910. A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. British Museum Catalogue of Orthoptera 3. Orth. part ii (Locustidae Vel Acridiidae) vii+674 pp.
Kirby, W. F. 1914. The fauna of British india, including Ceylon and Burma. Orthoptera (Acridiidae). London, pp. i-x, l90-191.
Krauss, H. 1892. Dermapteren und Orthopteren aus Tunis. Wien. ent. Z. xi: 143-150.
Krauss, H. A. 1896. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer von Dr. K. Escherich unternommenen Reise nach CentralKleinasien. II. Theil. Orthoptera. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. ix: 557-570, pl. viii.
Krauss, H. A. 1902. Beitrag zur kenntniss der Orthopteren fauna der Sahara. Verh. Ges. Wien lii: 230-254.
Krauss, H. A. 1909. Dermaptera und Orthoptera aus Aegypten, der Halbinsel Sinai, Palastina und Syrien. In. A. Kneucker. Zool. Ergebnisse Zweier botan. Studienreisen. Karlsruhe Verh. Natw. Ver. 21 1907-08 Abh. 99-119.
Krauss, A. 1915. Pamphagus marmoratus var. elegans m. nov. var. ex Sardmia. Arch. Natg Berlin Abt. A 80 Heft 9: 68.
Kumar, S., Tamura, K., Jakobsen, I. B. and Nei, M. 2001. MEGA2: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
Latreille, P. A. 1793. Precis des caracteres Generiques des Insectes Bordeaux.
Latreille, P. A. 1817. Les Crustaces, les Arachnides et les Insectes. Cuvier (G.JC.F.D.). Le Regne Animal. Paris.
Leong JM, Hafernik JE Jr.1992.Hybridization between two damselfly species (Odonata: Coenagrionidae):morphometric and genitalic differentiation. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am.,85:662-670.
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema natura per regna tria nature. Secundum classes. Ordines, genera, species. Tome 1(10th ed.).
Linnaeus, C. 1767. Systema Naturae 12th ed.
Litzenberger, G. & Chapco, W. 2001a. A molecular phylogeographic perspective on a fifty-year old taxonomic issue in grasshopper systematics. Heredity. 86: 54-59.
Litzenberger, G. & Chapco, W. 2001b. Molecular Phylogeny of selected Eurasian Podismine Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 94(4): 505-511.
Litzenberger, G. & Chapco, W. 2003. The North American Melanoplinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae): A Molecular Phylogenetic Study of Their Origins and Taxonomic Relationships. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 96(4): 491-497.
Lunt D H,Ibrahim K M,Hewitt G M. 1998.mtDNA phylogeography and postglacial patterns of subdivision in the meadow grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus. Heredity, 80:633-641.
Lunt D H,Zhang D X,Szymura J M,et al. 1996.The insect cytochrome oxidase I gene: evolutionary patterns and conserved primers for phylogenetic studies.Insect Mol Biol, 5(3):153-165.
Maekawa K, Kitade O, Matsumoto T. 1999.Molecular phylogeny of orthopteroid insects based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidaseⅡgene.Zool Sci, 16:175-184.
Maddison, W. P. & Maddison, D. R. 1992. MacClade: analysis of phylogeny and character evolution, version 3.0. Sinauer Associates, MA.
Mamiya Y.1986.Interspecific hybridization between Bursaphelenchu Xylophilus and B. mucronatus (Aphelenchida:Aphelenchoididae).Appl.Ent.Zool.,21:159-163.
Martel R K, Chapco W. 1995.Mitochondrial DNA variation in North American Oedipodinae. Biochem Genet, 33(1-2):1-11.
Mistshenko, L. L. 1951. Revision of Acrididae of the genus Paranocarodes I.Bol. (Saltatoria, Orthoptera, Acrididae) and their nearest kin. [In Russian.] C.R. Acad. Sci. URSS, Moscow (N.S.) 77: 517-520, 11 figs.
MUSTAFAüNAL.2007.Revision of the genus Glyphotmethis Bey-Bienko, 1951 (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae).Zootaxa,1581:1–36.
Otte D, Naskrecki P. 1997 Orthoptera Species Online. http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/ Orthop- tera. (2004/02/10).
Otte D. 1994. Orthoptera species file 3. Grasshoppers (Acridomorpha) B. Pamphagoidea. Philadelphia: The Orthopterists Society and the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 142-206.
Pfadt, R. E. 1970. A new grasshopper genus and species from Afghanistan (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae).Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 39: 21-26, 7 figs, 1 pl.
Ren ZM, Ma EB, Guo YP, Zhong Y. 2004.A molecular phylogeny of Oxya (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) in China inferred from partial cytochrome b gene sequences[J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33 (2): 516~21.
Saito, N. and Nei, M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic tree. Mol. Biol. Evol., 4: 406-425.
Rowell CHF and Flook PK.2005.A dated molecular phylogeny of the Proctolabinae (Orthoptera, Acrididae), especially the Lithoscirtae,and the evolution of their adaptive traits and present biogeography. J Orthoptera Research, 13 (1): 35~56.
Saussure, H. de. 1884. Prodromus Oedipodiorum insectorum ex Ordine Orthoptero- rum. Mem. Sco. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 28(9): 1-254, pl. l.
Saussure, H. de. 1887. Spicilegia entomologica genavensia. 2. Tribu des Pamphagiens. Geneva: 4to: 94 pp. 2 pls.
Saussure, H. de. 1888. Additamenta ad prodromum Oedipodiorum. Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. xxx No. 1: 1-180, pl. ii.
Saussure, H. De. 1889. Note sur quelques Oedipodiens, en Particulier sur les genres appartenant au type des Sphingonotus Mitteilungen derSchweizerischen entomologis chen Gesellschaft, 8: 87-97.
Silveira, E. B., Al-Janabi, S. M., Magalhaes, B. P., et al. 1998. An. Soc. Entomol. Bras., 27(1): 91-99.
Sneath, P. H. A. & Sokal, R. R. 1973. Numerical taxonomy. Freeman, San Francisco, CA St?l, C. 1873. Orhtoptera nova.Oefv. AK. Forh. P. 39-53.
St?l, C. 1873. Recensio Orhtopterorum Revue Critque des Orhtopteres decrets Par Linne, De Geer et Thunberg. Stockholm, P. A. Norstedt & Soner I: iv+(20)+154 pp.
St?l, C. 1876. Observations Orthopterologiques. Sv. Ak. Handl. Bihang iii. No. 14: 1-43.
St?l, C. 1876. Observation Orthopterologiques. Sv. Ak. Handl. Bihang v No 5: 1-58.
St?l, C. 1878. Systema Acridiodeorum; essai d’une systematisation des Acridiodees. Sv. Ak. Handl., Bihang iv No. 4: 1-100.
Swofford, D. L. 1997. PAUP: Phylogenetic analysis using Parsimony, version 4.0. Smithscnian Institute, Washington, D. C.
Szymura J M,Lunt D H,Hewitt G M.1996.The sequence and structure of the meadow grasshopper (Chorthippus parallelus) mitochondrial 12s rRNA, ND2, COⅠ,COⅡATPase8 and tRNA genes. Insect Bichem Mole Biol, 5(2):127-139.
Thunberg, C. P. 1775.Pneumora et nytt genus igbland insecterne, uptackt och beskrifvit. K. Svenska Vetensk Akad. Handl. 36: 254-260.
Tsyplenkov, E. P. 1956. A new genus of the tribe Thrinchini (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from western China. [In Russian with English summary.] Ent. Obozr., Moscow 35: 883-885, 1 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1912. Contribution a la faune des Orthopteres du Turkertan. Rev. russ. ent. St. Peterburg 12: 207-215.
Uvarov, B. P. 1919. De formis rossicis generis Acrida L. (Orthoptera: Acridiodea ) Rev. Russe ent. 16: 8-13, figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1922. Records and Descriptions of Orthoptera from S. W. Asia. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 28: 719-738, 2 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1922. Orchamus bellami sp. n. a new Pamphagidae grasshopper from the Canary Islands. Ent. Mo. Mag. London 58: 139-141.
Uvarov, B. P. 1922. Saussuriana arabica sp. n. die erste Pamphagide von Arabien Knowia Vienna 1: 188-189.
Uvarov, B. P. 1923. Records and descriptions of Orthoptera from Northwest Africa. Nov. Zool. Tring 30: 59-78, 1 pl., 2 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1924. A new genus of Pamphaginae (Orth.) from the Angola Coast. Ann. Mag. N. H. London (9)14: 617-619.
Uvarov, B. P. 1925. Notes on the Acrididae (Orth.) of Central Asia with descriptions of new species and races. J. Bombay N. H. Soc. 30: 260-272.
Uvarov, B. P. 1928. Notes on some Caucasian Pamphaginae (Orthoptera: Acrididae). [In English with Russian summary]. Rev. Russe Ent. Leningred 22: 148-155, 2 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1929. Contributions to a knowledge of the fauna of South West Africa, VIII. Records and descriptions of Acrididae from South West Africa. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Cape Town 29: 41-75, 1 pl., 12 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1934. Studies in the Orthoptera of Turkey Iraq and Syria. Eos Madrid 10: 21-119, 38 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1936. Studies in the Arabian Orthoptera.–I. Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies. J. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., 39: 531-554, 2pls. 5 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1838. Orthoptera from Iraq and Iran. Field Mus. Pub., Chicago Zool. Ser. 20: 439-451, 1 map, 5 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1940. Two new Orthoptera from Turkey. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. London (11) 6: 522-527, 2 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1942. New and less known southern Palaearctic Orthoptera. Trans. Amer. ent. Soc. Philadelphia 67: 303-361, 5 pls.
Uvarov, B. P. 1943. The tribe Thrinchini of the subfamily Pamphaginae, and the interrelations of the Acridid subfamilies (Orthoptera). Trans. R. ent. Soc. London 93: 1-72, 73 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1949. Some Pamphaginae from Turkey (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Bull. Soc. Fouad ler Ent. Cairo 33: 1-9.
Uvarov, B. P. & Dirsh, V. M. 1952. Orthoptera collected in Iran. Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel 63: 1-16, 4 figs.
Vickery, V. R. & Keven, D. K. McE. 1983. A monograph of the orthopteroid insects of Canada and adjacent regions. Memoroirs Lyman ent. Mus. Res. Lab. No. 13(2): I-iv, 681-1462, illustr. [In English]
Walton, C., Butlin, R. K. and Monk, K. A. 1997. A phylogeny for grasshoppers of the genus Chitaura (Orhtoptera: Acrididae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia, based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 62: 365-382.
Willemse, F. 1985. Fauna GraeciaeⅡ: Key to Orthoptera species. Athens, 23~61. Yin X C, Shi J P, Yin Z. 1996. A synonymic catalogue of grasshoppers and their allies of the world. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House.
Zhang D C, Yin H, Yin X C. 2003. On the taxonomic system of Eurasian Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 46:218-221.
Zhang D X, Szymura J M, Hewitt G M. 1995.Evolution andstructural conservation of the control region of insectmitochondrial DNA. Mol Evol, 40(4):382-391.
Zhang D X, Hewitt G M.1996.Highly conserved nuclearcopies of the mitochondrial control region in the desert locust. Schistocerca gregaria: some implicationsfor population studies.Mol Ecol, 5(2):295-300.
蔡邦华,侯陶谦,宋士美.1965.松毛虫的种间杂交及杂种生物学的初步观察.昆虫学报, 14(4):347-358.
常罡,廉振民.2004.中国蝗总科昆虫生物多样性研究进展.延安大学学报(自然科学版), 23(2):77-83.
常青,周开亚.1998.分子进化研究中系统发生树的重建.生物多样性,6(1):55-62.
车晋滇,杨建国,胡彬.2006.北京地区蝗虫种类研究及其垂直分布调查.昆虫知识, 43(2):254-257.
陈文强,邓百万.2001.生物表型进化与分子进化的联系和差异.汉中师范学院学报(自然科学版),19(3):82-85.
陈发炜,段希运,李敬瑞等.1996.笨蝗的发生规律与防治技术研究.植物医生,4:18-19.
陈辉.1999.生态遗传学与物种形成和进化.陕西林业科技,2:77-81,76.
陈世騠,沈默.1964.贺兰疙蝗Pseudotmethis alashanicus B.-Bieko的染色体研究.动物学报,16(1):1-6.
陈世骧.1987.进化论与分类学(第二版).北京:科学出版社.
陈学新.1997.昆虫生物地理学.北京:中国林业出版社.
陈英水.1999.生殖隔离浅析.生物学通报,34(1):20-21.
陈阅增等.1997.普通生物学——生命科学通论.北京:高等教育出版社.
成新跃,周红章,张广学.2000.分子生物学技术在昆虫系统学研究中的应用.动物分类学报,25(2):121-133.
董振远,刘寿山.1987.唐山地区的蝗虫种类及其分布.昆虫知识,24(5):265-267.
傅鹏,郑哲民.1988.五种短鼻蝗染色体C带核型的比较分析(直翅目:癞蝗科).陕西师大学报,16(增刊):49-55.
傅鹏,郑哲民.1989.两种华癞蝗的染色体C-带核型.遗传,11(3):26-28.
傅鹏,郑哲民.1991.两种短鼻蝗的染色体C-带核型.遗传,13(5):16-18.
甘肃省蝗虫调查协作组.1985.甘肃蝗虫图志.兰州:甘肃人民出版社,17-18.
葛风伟,季荣,曾献春等.2007.西伯利亚蝗基因组DNA提取及RAPD分析条件的优化.昆虫知识,44(4):505-508.
根井正利,库马著(吕宝忠,钟杨,高莉萍等译).2002.分子进化与系统发育.北京:高等教育出版社.
韩雅莉.2001.六种蝗虫基因组DNA多态性的RAPD标记研究.汕头大学学报(自然科学版),16(1):39-43.
韩雅莉,谭竹均,郑哲民.1998.斑翅蝗科部分种类的酯酶同工酶研究(直翅目:蝗总科).昆虫分类学报,20(3):157-162.
侯建军,鲁胜平,张宏.2003.关于生物分子进化和分子适应策略的研究.湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版),21(4):28-31.
胡婧.2006.笨蝗线粒体基因组测序及节肢动物线粒体基因重排的系统发育分析.陕西师范大学硕士学位论文.
黄大卫.2001.生物系统学面临的难题.动物学报,47(5):593-597.
黄原,郑哲民.1989.四种癞蝗过氧化物酶同工酶的初步研究.动物学研究9(4): 384, 394.
黄原,郑哲民.1990.数种癞蝗酯酶同工酶的比较研究及其在分类上的应用.昆虫学报, 33(2):149-154.
黄原.1995.昆虫核酸分子系统学研究进展.昆虫分类学报,17(3):180-184.
黄原.1998.分子系统学——原理、方法及应用.北京:中国农业出版社,1-370.
蒋国芳,郑哲民.2001.蝗虫分子系统学研究进展.昆虫知识,38(2):81-86.
金杏宝,夏凯龄.1981.发音器在蝗虫分类中应用的初步研究.昆虫学研究集刊(第二集):183-185.
金杏宝.1984.癞蝗科部分种类的克劳斯器表面结构比较.昆虫学研究集刊,4:277-286.
金杏宝,夏凯龄.1981.发音器在蝗虫分类中应用的初步研究.昆虫学研究集刊,(2): 183-185.
李炳文,秘雪金,刘炳明.1992.笨蝗发生规律和防治方法的研究.病虫测报,12(1): 17-18.
李春选,马恩波,郑先云.2003.中国4种蝗虫不同种群的遗传分化.遗传学报,30(3):234 -244.
李华荣,马世寅,常兆芝等.1992.笨蝗消长因素及防治研究.山东农业科学,3:41-43. 李难.2005.进化生物学基础.北京:高等教育出版社. 李新江.2004.中国癞蝗科Pamphagidae系统学研究(直翅目:蝗总科).河北大学硕士学位论文.
李新江,张道川,王文强等.2005.基于16S rDNA部分序列的6种短鼻蝗的分子系统学(直翅目:蝗总科).动物学报,51(增刊):138-142.
李新江,张道川,张悦等.2003.河北蝗虫区系研究.河北大学学报(自然科学版),23(2): 175-179.
李新江,张道川,王文强.2005.中国两种波腿蝗(蝗总科:癞蝗科)染色体C-带核型研究.遗传,27(5):735-740.
廉振民,梁沛.1999.太白山蝗虫的垂直分布及区系分析.陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版) ,27(1):95-99.
梁鉻球,郑哲民.1994.中国蝗总科(Acridoidea)昆虫分类研究综述.昆虫知识,31(2): 119-121.
刘殿锋,蒋国芳.2005.基于18S rDNA的蝗总科分子系统发育关系研究及分类系统探讨.昆虫学报,48(2):232-241.
刘殿锋,蒋国芳.2005.核基因序列在昆虫分子系统学上的应用.动物分类学报,30(3): 484-492.
刘殿锋,赵俊杰,陶令霞等.2007.RAPD技术和DNA序列在蝗虫分子系统学研究中的应用.四川动物,26(1):227-229.
刘鹤玲,刘奇.2006.分子进化中性学说对达尔文进化论的冲击和完善.广西社会科学, 4:13-16.
刘花.2002.笨蝗的生物学.生物学通讯,7:11.
刘举鹏.1979.新疆维吾尔自治区的蝗虫研究:贝蝗属二新种记述(直翅目:蝗总科).昆虫学报,22(4):448-452.
刘举鹏.1982.短鼻蝗属一新种(直翅目:蝗总科).昆虫分类学报,4(1-2):75-76.
刘举鹏.1990.中国蝗虫鉴定手册.陕西:天则出版社.
刘举鹏.1991.蝗卵形态结构与蝗虫系统发育关系的初步研究.系统进化动物学论文集.北京:中国科学技术出版社.
刘举鹏.1995.癞蝗科(Pamphagidae)在中国的分布和演化.昆虫分类学报,17(增刊): 111-116.
刘伟,陈晓峰,王瑛.1998.rDNA在昆虫纲系统发育研究中的应用.昆虫知识,35(2): 123-126,122.
刘晓英,刘建文,蒋国芳.2005.直翅目昆虫分子系统学研究新进展.昆虫知识,42(5): 496-501.
刘晓英,廉振民.2004.现代生物技术在蝗虫生物系统学研究中的应用.陕西农业科学学, 2(6):65-68.
刘志瑾,任宝平,魏辅文等.2004.关于物种形成机制及物种定义的新观点.动物分类学报, 29(4):827-830.
林育真,李玉仙,岳巧云等.1994.济南市郊笨蝗生态习性的研究.济南大学学报, 4(4):48-53.
芦荣胜,常岩林,秦邦才等.2002.山西蝗虫名录.山西师范大学学报(自然科学版),16(1): 58-62.
马恩波,欧晓红,乔格侠,郑哲民.2000.蝗总科染色体研究及科级综合比较(直翅目).昆虫分类学报,22(1):6-10.
马恩波,任竹梅,郭亚平.2002.中国小稻蝗种内多态性研究.山西大学学报(自然科学版),25(2):163-167.
马兰.2007.线粒体基因在我国蝗虫分子系统学中的研究进展.陕西农业科学,(4): 91-93.
马兰,黄原.2005.生物分类学发展的新方向——DNA分类学.黄冈师范学院学报,25(3): 40-43.
马耀,李鸿昌,康乐.1991.内蒙古草地昆虫.陕西:天则出版社.
麦尔E.等著[郑作新等译].1965.动物分类学的方法与原理.北京:科学出版社.
孟德荣,金世雄.2002.沧州市郊区蝗虫的初步调查.昆虫知识,39(2):120-122.
潘宝平.2002.生物进化理论的新进展.生物学通报,37(2):8-10.
乔卿梅,程茂高,原国辉.2006.蝗虫线粒体DNA(mtDNA)研究概况.河南农业科学,12:8-10.
任炳忠,张凤岭,郑一平.1992.黑龙江省蝗虫的调查研究.国土与自然资源研究,2:62 -63,74.
任炳忠,姜兆文,高毅.1993.辽宁省蝗虫的地理分布及区系特点.国土与自然资源研究,3: 60-63.
任炳忠,杨凤清.1993.吉林省蝗虫的区域分布特征.东北师大学报(自然科学版),4:54 -58.
任长江.2003.当代生物进化论研究新进展.延安大学学报(自然科学版),22(4):70-72.
任竹梅,马恩波,郭亚平.2002.蝗总科部分种类Cytb基因序列及系统进化研究.遗传学报,29(4):314-321.
任竹梅,马恩波,郭亚平.2002.山稻蝗及相关物种Cytb基因序列及其遗传关系.遗传学报,29(6):507-513.
任竹梅,马恩波,郭亚平,2003.不同地域小稻蝗mtDNA部分序列及其相互关系.昆虫学报,46(1):51-57.
邵红光,严健等.1999.新疆荒漠束颈蝗属及其近、远缘种的线粒体DNA RFLP与系统进化.昆虫学报,42(2):132-139.
邵红光.2000.关于节肢动物系统分类与进化的分子佐证.动物分类学报,25(1):1-7.
沈银柱.2002.进化生物学.北京:高等教育出版社.
苏传东.1996.山东淄博市蝗虫种类分布调查报告.河北大学学报(自然科学版),16(5):32-35.
孙继英,傅鹏,郑哲民.2004.两种突颜蝗的染色体C带核型研究.遗传,26(6):870-874.
孙立德,刘雅君,高成山等.1990.喀左县笨蝗生长与温湿度关系及长期预测的研究.生态学杂志,9(2):56-58.
孙晓玲,任炳忠,赵卓等.2006.东北地区不同生境内蝗虫区系的比较.生态学杂志,25(3):286-289.
孙毅.1994.现代达尔文主义学派的成就及其不足.生物学杂志,(4):21-24.
孙毅,张伟.2004.分子生物学与进化的新理论.生物学杂志,21(5):16-17.
唐伯平,周开亚,宋大祥.1999.分子系统学的发展及现状.生物学通报,34(5):10-13.
田方文,孙福来.2003.滨州市蝗虫种类调查与防治.农药,42(7):39-41.
同号文.1997.物种形成方式及成种理论述评.古生物学报,36(3):387-399.
万冬梅,张凤岭,任炳忠.1997.向海自然保护区蝗虫区系的初步研究.辽宁大学学报(自然科学版),24(2):85-90.
王备新,杨莲芳.2002.线粒体DNA序列特点与昆虫系统学研究.昆虫知识,39(2):88 -92.
王根庆.1994.分子进化中性理论的进展.天津师大学报(自然科学版),14(4):65-71.
汪桂玲,郑哲民,黄原.2000.疣蝗5个种群间遗传分化的RAPD分析.陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),28(3):101-103.
汪桂玲,郑哲民,黄原.2000.蝗总科5科蝗虫间RAPD带型变异的比较研究.陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),28(1):83-85,90.
王林瑶,张广学.1983.昆虫标本技术.北京:科学出版社.
王文强.2005.欧亚大陆斑翅蝗科昆虫的系统学研究(直翅目:蝗总科).河北大学博士学位论文.
王文强,张道川,李新江等.2003.陕北高原蝗虫资源调查及区系分析.延安大学学报(自然科学版),22(3):68-71,79.
王晓安.2006.四种蝗虫脑一氧化氮合酶组织化学比较研究.鲁东大学学报(自然科学版),22(3):211-215.
王鑫,黄兵.2006.DNA条形编码技术在动物分类中的研究进展.生物技术通报,(4):67 -72.
武云飞.2004.系统生物学.青岛:中国海洋大学出版社.
奚耕思,郑哲民.1984.甘肃癞蝗科新种记述.昆虫分类学报,4(1):37-42.
奚耕思,郑哲民.1985.癞蝗科一新种.陕西师大学报,4:50-52.
奚耕思,郑哲民.1986.锥头蝗科和癞蝗科的数值分类.陕西师大学报,1986,3:47-54.
奚耕思,郑哲民.1986.内蒙蝗虫二新种记述(直翅目:癞蝗科).昆虫学报,29(2):190 -193.
奚耕思,郑哲民.1993.内蒙古华癞蝗属一新种(直翅目:癞蝗科).动物分类学报,18(2): 193-195.
奚耕思,郑哲民.1995.短翅华癞蝗精子发生中尾部的演化过程及与飞蝗有关内容的比较(直翅目:蝗总科).昆虫分类学报,17(3):162-168.
奚耕思,郑哲民.1996a.三种短鼻蝗精子超微结构的比较研究(直翅目、蝗总科).昆虫分类学报,18(4):243-248.
奚耕思,郑哲民.1996b.四种癞蝗精子的比较.昆虫分类学报,8(2):87-93.
奚耕思,郑哲民.1997.蝗总科精子超微结构形态比较及其在系统分类上的意义.昆虫分类学报,19(1):1-9.
席瑞华,刘举鹏.1986.内蒙古蝗卵的形态记述.动物世界,3(2-3):67-72.
夏凯龄.1958.中国蝗科分类概要.北京:科学出版社.
夏凯龄等.1994.中国动物志(昆虫纲,第四卷).北京:科学出版社.
肖金花,肖晖,黄大卫.2004.生物分类学的新动向——DNA条形编码.动物学报,50(5):852-855.
谢娟英,许升全,蒋国芳等.1996.秦岭南北5地中华稻蝗(Oxyachinensis)的亲缘关系.广西科学,6(4):304-306.
徐庆刚,花保桢.2001.线粒体DNA在昆虫系统学研究中的应用.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),29(增刊):79-83.
许升全.2002.中国癞蝗科13属昆虫的支序系统学研究.动物科学,239-243.
许升全,郑哲民.1999.蝗总科雌性下生殖板的比较研究及分类价值(I:形态学研究).陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),27(2):67-74.
许升全,郑哲民.1999.蝗总科昆虫雌性下生殖板及系统发育研究(直翅目).昆虫分类学报,21(2):79-83.
徐亚君.1990.安徽蝗虫种类及其区系初析.安徽农业科学,4:346-351.
颜忠诚,陈永林.1997.内蒙古锡林河流域不同生境中蝗虫种类组成的分析.昆虫学报40(3):271-275.
杨继.1991.数量分析方法在种内变异研究中的运用.植物学通报,8(1):30-36.
杨业华.2000.普通遗传学.北京:高等教育出版社.
叶维萍,叶海燕,卢慧甍等.2005.基于线粒体12S rRNA和ND5基因序列的中国飞蝗属3亚种系统发育关系研究.昆虫分类学报,27(1):5-13.
印红,刘晓丽,王彦芳等.2002.一种改进的昆虫基因组DNA的提取方法.河北大学学报(自然科学版),22(1):80-82.
印红,张道川,毕智丽等.2003.蝗总科部分种类16S rDNA的分子系统发育关系.遗传学报,30(8):766-772.
印红,李新江,王文强等.2004.基于核内核糖体小亚基序列的蝗总科系统发育关系分析.昆虫学报,47(6):809-814.
尹长民.2001.初论蜘蛛目的种内变异类型.蛛形学报,10(2):1-7.
尹文英,梁爱萍.1998.有关节肢动物分类的几个问题.动物分类学报,23(4):337-341.
印象初,周尧.1979.陕西省蝗虫2新属3新种.昆虫分类学报,1(2):125-130.
印象初.1982.中国蝗总科分类系统的研究.高原生物学集刊,第一集.
印象初.1984.青藏高原的蝗虫.北京:科学出版社.
印象初.1990.北美洲(包括大安的列斯和夏威夷群岛)镌瓣亚目Cealifera(蝗亚目Acridoidea)的分类(直翅目Orthoptera).高原生物学集刊,第九集.
印象初,印红.1999.回顾蝗虫分类的历程.生物学通报,34(2):1-2.
印象初,印红,张道川,施鉴屏.2000.关于蝗虫类种属比率的研究.河北大学学报(自然科学版),20(2):109-114.
印象初,印红,周可新等.1997.欧亚大陆蝗总科分类系统的研究.中国昆虫学会第六届全国代表大会暨学术讨论会论文摘要集.
袁锋.1996.昆虫分类学.北京:中国农业出版社.
曾维铭,蒋国芳,张大羽等.2004.用12S rRNA基因序列研究斑腿蝗科二属六种的进化关系.昆虫学报,47(2):248-252.
张长荣.1989.河北的蝗虫.石家庄:河北科学技术出版社,57-61.
张道川.2005.欧亚大陆癞蝗科系统分类学研究(直翅目:蝗总科).中国科学院西北高原生物研究所博士学位论文.
张道川,刘磊,李新江.2005.癞蝗动物地理学初步研究.动物学报,51(增刊):60-63.
张凤岭,金杏宝.1985.大兴安岭蝗虫区系的初步调查.昆虫学研究集刊,5:207-219.
张洪亮,董慈祥,杨青蕊等.1996.鲁西南蝗虫种类初步调查.华东昆虫学报,5(2):101 -103.
张建珍,马恩波,郭亚平.2003.稻蝗属部分种类RAPD及其分子系统学关系.遗传学报30(6):533-539.
张民照,康乐.2001.飞蝗总DNA的抽提及其RAPD分析条件的摸索.动物学研究,22(1): 20-26.
张明伟,王桂清,刘振.1998.辽宁地区蝗虫种类和分布的初步研究.辽宁林业科技术,3: 13-17.
张荣祖.1999.中国动物地理.北京:科学出版社.
张兴礼,王家纯,甘棠录.1978.兰州及其邻近地区蝗虫的研究附癞蝗科一新种昆虫学报,21(3):320-324.
张亚平.1996.从DNA序列到物种树.动物学研究,17(3):247-252.
张亚平,施立明.1992.动物线粒体DNA多态性的研究概况.动物学研究,13(3):289-298
张昀.1998.生物进化.北京:北京大学出版社.
赵建铭,虞佩玉等.1954.微山湖和洪泽湖区常见的蝗虫.北京:财政经济出版社,37-39.
赵清山,邬文波,吕国平等.1992.松毛虫的杂交遗传试验.昆虫学报,35(1):28-32.
郑哲民,梁鉻球.1963.陕西省蝗虫的初步调查报告.动物学报,15(3):461-470.
郑哲民,邱琼华.1965.宁夏回族自治区中部及陕西省北部地区蝗虫的调查.昆虫学报,14(6):576-590.
郑哲民,高兆宁.1981.宁甘地区蝗虫的新种.昆虫学报,24(1):72-77.
郑哲民.1985.陕西省癞蝗科一新种.陕西师大学报,2:82-85.
郑哲民.1985.中国癞蝗科一新属.陕西师大学报,3:79-81.
郑哲民,傅鹏.1989.中国癞蝗科蝗虫二新种(直翅目).陕西师大学报(自然科学版),17(1):64-69.
郑哲民.1989.辽宁省蝗虫的初步调查.湖北大学学报(自然科学版),11(4):67-75.
郑哲民,许文贤,廉振民等.1990.陕西蝗虫.西安:陕西师大出版社.
郑哲民,万力生等.1992.宁夏蝗虫.西安:陕西师大出版社.
郑哲民.1993.蝗虫分类学.西安:陕西师范大学出版社.
郑哲民,席碧侠.1996.蝗虫前肠形态及分类学价值的研究(Ⅰ.癞蝗科、瘤锥蝗科和锥头蝗科).陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),24(4):61-67.
郑哲民,乔格侠.1998.中国蝗总科昆虫科间系统发育关系支序分析(直翅目:蝗亚目) .动物分类学报,23(3):276-280.
郑哲民.2003.中国蝗虫的分类学研究.陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),31(专辑): 46-58.
钟扬,张亮,赵琼.2001.简明生物信息学.北京:高等教育出版社.
周红章.2000.物种与物种多样性.生物多样性,8(2):215-226.
周尧.1963.有关昆虫分类学的一些观点.昆虫学报,12(5-6):586-596.
朱道弘.2007.飞蝗抱对行为的进化意义及两型间相异的交配策略.昆虫知识,44(4): 472-476.
朱道弘,ANDO Yoshikazu.2004.稻蝗属三近缘种间的生殖隔离机制及其进化意义.昆虫学报,47(1):67-72.
左家哺,彭代文,廖仁彩.1995.物种概念、形成方式及其划分标准的新进展.湖南林专学报,试刊1:80-85.
Ander, K. 1939. Vergleichend-anatomische und phylogenetische studien uber die Ensifera (saltatoria). Opusc. Enr. Suppl. II, Lund.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Y.) 1926. On some new or interesting Asiatic Orthoptera. Izvest. Zapadno-Sibirsk. Otd. R. Geogr. O-Va, Omsk 5: sep. 1-5, 2 figs.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Y.) 1929. Studies on the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Manchuria. Konowia Vienna 8: 104-105, 97-110, 2 figs.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Y.) 1941. New or little known Orthoptera discovered in U.S.S.R. [In Russian.] Mem.Inst. agron. Leningrad no. 4: 147-159, 3 figs.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Y.) 1948. Acridids of the tribe Thrinchini (Orthoptera: Acrididae), collected by Russian investigators in Mongolia and limitrophic China. [In Russian.] Ent. Obozr., Moscow 30: 3-16, 10 figs.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Y.) 1949. Two new species of Acridids (Orthoptera: Arcididae) from the range Terskei Alatau in central Tyan’Shan’. [In Russian.] Ent. Obozr., Moscow 30: 318-320, 2 figs.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Ya.) & Mistshenko, L. L. 1951. Acridoidea of the fauna of the USSR and neighbouring countries. Pts. 1 and 2. [In Russian.] Opred. Faune SSSR, Moscow 38 378 pp., 816 figs. 40, 667 pp., 1318 figs.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Y.) 1957. New and interesting grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Iran. [In Russian with English summary.] Zool. Zhurn., Moscow 36: 1698-1703, 3 figs.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Y.) 1960. Some new Acridoidea from North China, and their zoogeographical importance. [In Russian.] Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow 128: 414-417, 2 figs. [see also Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR. Transl. Biol. Sci., Washington 128:911-914.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Y.) 1963. Sur les insectes Orthopteroides de l’Afghanistan. [In Russian.] Trudy vsesoyuan. ent. Obshch., Leningrad 49: 249-284, 13 figs.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Y.) 1967. Some Orthopteroid insects of the orders Blattoptera, Orthoptera and Dermaptera from Afghanistan. Acta ent. bohemoslovaca 64(1): 407-438, 19 figs. [In Russian, English and Czech summaries]
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Ya.) & Mistshenko, L. L. 1951. Acridoidea of the fauna of the USSR and neighbouring countries. Pts. 1 and 2. [In Russian.] Opred. Faune SSSR, Moscow 38 378 pp., 816 figs. 40, 667 pp., 1318 figs.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. .1962. On the general classification of insects. Rev. d’Entom. USSR., 41, 1: 6-21.
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Ya.) & Mistshenko, L. L. 1963. Locusts and grasshoppers of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. Part I. Translated from the Russian. Jerusalem, Israel Sci. Transi. iv+[i]+400-XXI+[i] pp., 816 figs. [See Z.R. 88 No.188]
Bei-Bienko, G. J. (Ya.) & Mistshenko, L. L. 1963. Locusts and grasshoppers of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. Part II. Translated from the Russian. Jerusalem, Israel Progr. Sci. Transi. 4+291[+1]-xxi[+i] pp., figs. 817-1318 [See Z.R. 88 No.188]
Bensasson, D., Zhang, D. X. and Hewitt, G. M. 2000. Frequent Assimilation of Mitochondrial DNA by Grasshopper Nuclear Genomes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17(3): 406-415.
Bensasson D,Petrov D A,Zhang D X,et al.2001.Genomic gigantism:DNA loss is slow in mountain grasshoppers.Mol Bio Evol, 18(2):246-253.
Bolivar, I. 1876. Sinopsis de los Orthopteros de Espana y Portugal. An. Soc. Esp. v: 79-130.
Bolivar, I. 1878. Sinopsis de los Orthoptera de Espana y Portugal. An. Soc. Esp. vii: 63-118, pls. iii-v.
Bolivar, I. 1878. Analecta Orthopterologica. An. Soc. Esp. vii: 423-470.
Bolivar, I. 1884. Monografia de los Pirgomorfinos. An. Soc. Esp. xiii: 1-73 & 420- 500
Bolivar, I. 1902. Orthopteros nuevos de Espana. Bol. Soc. espan. ii: 86-88.
Bolivar, I. 1907. Los Pamphagus de Marruecos. Bol. Soc. esp. Hist. nat. 7: 325-337.
Bolivar, I. 1908. Acridarachnea gen. nov. Nuevo genero proximo al Acrida (L.) St?l. Madrid. Bol. Ann. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 8: 418-420
Bolivar, I. 1912. Estudios Entomologicos, i. Los panfanginos palearticos, ii, El genero Sciobia Burm. (Platyblemmus Serv.) iii El genero Hieroplyphus Krauss y otros proximos. Trabajos Mus. Cienc. Nat. Madrid Ser. Zool. No. 4: 1-62.
Bolivar, I. 1913. Description de cinq especies nouvelles d’Orthopteres (quatre trouvees par. M. H. Gadeau de Kerville en Syrie et une provenaut de Perse). Sci. nat. Bull. Soc. Rouen. 47: 31-38.
Bolivar, I. 1921. En memoria del R. P. Jóseph Pantel. S. J. Observaciones sobre orthopteros espanoles. Mem. R. Soc. Hist. nat. Madrid Tomo extraord. pp. 446- 460, 5 figs.
Bolivar, J. 1887. Especies nuevas o criticas de Orthopteros. An. Soc. Esp. xvi: 89-114, pl. v.
Bolivar, J. 1893. Liste des Orthopteres recueillis en Sgrie par le Dr. Theod. Barrois. Rev. biol. Nord France. V: 476-489.
Boufersaoui, A. & Matz, G. 1969. Etude de Pamphagus elephas L. Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. N. 59: 155-163, 3 figs.
Butlin R K,Walton C,Monk K A,et al.Biogeography of Sulawesi grasshoppers, genus Chitaura, using DNA sequence data.Hall R,Holloway J D,Rosen B R.Biogeog Geolo Evol SE Asia.1998.355-359.
Cejchan, A. 1965. A preliminary revision of the genus Glyphotmethis Bey-Bienko (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae). Sb. ent. Odd. nar. Mus. Praze 36: 451-484, 93 figs.
Chapco, W. & Litzenberger, G. 2002. A molecular phylogenetic study of two relict speices of Melanopline grasshoppers. Genome, 45(2): 313-318.
Chapco, W. et al. 1992. A feasibility study of the use of random amplified ploymorphic DNA in the population genetics and systematics of grasshoppers. Genome, 35(4): 569-574.
Chapco, W., Kuperus, W. R., Litzenberger, G. 1999. Molecular Phylogeny of Melanopline Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae): The Genus Melanoplus. Annals of the Entomological Society of American, 92(4): 617-623.
Chapco, W., Litzenberger, G., Kuperus, W. R. 2001. A Molecular Biogeographic Analysis of the Relationship between North American Melanoploid Grasshoppers and Their Eurasian and South American Relatives. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 18(3): 460-466.
Chapco, W., Martel, R. K. B., Kuperus, W. R. 1997. Molecular Phylogeny of North American band-winged grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Annals of the Entomological Society of American, 90(5): 555-562.
Chen H H, Zhao Y X, Kang L. 2003.Antennal sensilla of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in relation to food preferences and habits. J. Biosci.,28(6):743-752.
Chen S. T..1937. Chromosome studies in Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure(Order Orthoptera).Peking Nat. Hist. Bull.12:79-94.
Chopard, L. 1957. Orthopteroides. Mem. Inst. sci. Madagascar, Tananarive (E) 8: 31-56, 11 figs.
Chopard, L. 1958a. La reserve naturelle integrale du Mont Nimba, fasciule IV. III. Acridiens (Mission M. Lamotte, fevrier-juin 1942). Mem. Inst. Franc. Afr. Noire, Dakar 53: 127-153, 7 figs.
Chopard, L. 1958b. Orthopteroidea. Resultats de l'expedition zoologique du Professeur Dr Hakan Lindberg aux iles du Cap Vert durant l'hiver 1953-1954. No. 16. Commentat. Biol.Helsingfors 17: 1-17, 5 figs.
Chopard, L. 1962. Insectes orthopteroides recoltes par le Professeur Dr H. Lindberg a Madere et dans les iles voisines. Notul. ent. Helsinki, 42: 67-70, 1 fig.
Chopard, L. 1963. Orthopteroides recoltes par M. J. Mateu dans l'Ennedi et au Tchad. Bull. Inst. franc. Afr. noire (A) 25: 559-571, 4 figs.
Chernyakhovskij, M. E. 1979. [A new species of Pamphagidae, Saxetania pravdini Tshern., sp. n. (Orthoptera) from Badkhyz.]. Trudy vses. ent. Obshch. 61: 13-15, illustr. [In Russian] Clemente M, Garma C,De Sola B G, et al. 2001. Steep variation in mitochondrial DNA and B chromosomes among natural populations ofEyprepocnemis plorans (Acrididae). Hereditas, 134(2):135-140.
DAO-CHUAN ZHANG, XIN-JIANG LI, WEN-QIANG WANG, et al. 2005. Molecular phylogeny of some genera of Pamphagidae(Acridoidea,Orthoptera)from China based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequence. ZOOTAXA, 1103:41-49
Defaut, B. 1987. Determination des orthopteroides ouest-paleactiques l. Tetrigidae de france, Iberie et Maghreb (Caelifera) 2. Pamphagidae: le genre Euryparyphes au Maro? (Caelifera). Entomologiste (Paris) 43(3): 161-171, illustr. [In French]
Demirsoy, A. 1973. Revision der anatolischen Pamphaginae (Saltatoria, Caelifera, Pamphagidae). Entomologische Mitt. zool. St Inst. zool. Mus Hamburg 4(83): 403- 428, 50 figs
Descamps, M. 1967. (2) Revue et diagnose preliminaire de quelques Pamphagidae et Acrididae d’Iran. [Orth. Acridoidea.] Bull Sco. ent. Fr. 72: 27-37.
Descamps, M. & Mounassif, M. 1972. Le complexe Orchamus, Paracinipe, Acinipe et Pamphagus (Acridomorpha, Pamphagidae), Acrida 1: 247~ 303.
Dirsh, V. M. 1927. Studies on Orethoptera from Turkestan and Persia. Bol. Soc. esp. Hist. nat. Madrid 27: 290-302, 3 figs.
Dirsh, V. M. 1950.A contribution to the fauna of Acrididae of Syria and neighbouring countries. Eos Madrid 26: 55-71, 6 figs. 1 map.
Dirsh, V. M. 1952. A study of the genus Tropidauchen Saussure (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Proc. R. ent. Soc. London (B) 21: 94-109, 2 pls. 35 figs. 1 map.
Dirsh, V. M. 1958 Synonymic and taxonomic notes on Acridoidea (Orthoptera). Eos Madrid 34: 25-32.
Dirsh, V. M. 1958. Acridological notes. Tijdschr. Ent., Amsterdam 101: 51-63, 34 figs.
Dirsh, V. M. 1961. Notes on Acridoidea of Africa, Madagascar and Asia (Orthoptera). Eos., Madrid 37: 379-398, 24 figs.
Dirsh, V. M. 1961. A preliminary revison of the families and subfamilies of Acridoidea (Orthoptera, Insecta). Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London Ent. 10: 351-419, 34 figs.
Dirsh, V. M. 1965. The African genera of Acridoidea. Cambridge, Univ. Press xiii+ [i]+578+[2]+pp., 452 figs.
Dirsh, V. M. 1973. Genital organs in Acridomorphoidea (Insecta) as taxonomic character. Z. f. zool. Syst. U. Evolutionsforschung. Bd.II, H, 2: 133-154.
Dirsh, V. M. 1973. Natural parameters of systematics. Forma et Functio, 6: 293-304.
Dirsh, V. M. 1975. Classificatiojn of the Acridomorphoid insects. E. W. Classey Ltd, Farringdon, Oxon. 1-171, 74 figs.
Felsenstein, J.2002.PHYLIP: Phylogeny Inference Package. Version 3.6(alpha3). Downloaded from: http://evolution.gs.washington.edu/phylip.html.
Flook, P. K., Rowell, C. H. F. and Gellissen, G. 1995. The sequence, organization and evolution of the Locusta migratoria mitochondrial genome. J. Mol. Evol., 41: 928-941.
Flook, P. K. & Rowell, C. H. F. 1997. The Phylogeny of the Caelifera (Insecta, Orthoptera) as deduced from mt rRNA gene sequences. Mol. Phyl. Evol., 8: 89-103.
Flook, P. K. & Rowell, C. H. F. 1997. The effectiveness of mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences for the reconstruction of the phylogeny of an insect order, Orthoptera. Mol. Phyl. Evol., 8: 177-192.
Flook, P. K. & Rowell, C.H.F. 1997. The phylogeny of the Caelifera (Insecta, Orthoptera) as deduced from mt rRNA gene sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 8 (1): 89-103.
Flook, P. K. & Rowell, C.H.F. 1998. Inferences about orthopteroid phylogeny and molecular evolution from small subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Insect Molecular Biology, 7 (2): 163-178.
Flook, P.K., Klee S, Rowell, C.H.F.1999.Combined molecular analysis of the Orthoptera and implications for their higher systematics. Syst Bio, 48 (2): 233-253.
Flook, P.K., Klee S, Rowell, C.H.F. 2000.Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Pneumoroidea (Orthoptera, Caelifera): molecular data resolve morphological character conflicts in the basal acridomorpha. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 15 (3): 345-354.
Gomez, R., Llorente, V. & Press, J. J. 1990. Navasius sulcatus (Bolivar, 1912): description del macho y datos sobre la biologia de esta especie (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae). Eos. Rev. Esp Entomol. 65(1): 31-38, illustr. [In Spanish with English summary]
Granata, L.:1910. Le cinesi spermatogenetiche de Pamphagus marmoratus (Burm.). Arch. Zellforsch. 5:182-214.
Gregory PG, Howard DJ.1993.Laboratory hybridization studies of Allonemobius fasciatus and A.socius(Orthoptera:Gryllidae).Ann.Entomol.Soc.Am.,86:694-701.
Guangming Huo,Guofang Jiang, Zhengli Sun,et al.2007.Phylogenetic Reconstruction of the Family Acrypteridae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) Based on Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene.Journal of Genetics and Genomics,34(4): 294-306.
Guljaeva, O. N., Shevchenko A. I., Vysotskaya L. V., Sergeev M. G. 2001. Possible Phylogenetic Relations of Some Holarctic Acridids as Derived from Mitochondrial Ribosomal RNA Sequences. The Systematics Symposium of the International Orthopterists Meetings in Montpellier, France. Poster 22.
Handlirsch, A. 1908. Die fossilen Insecten und die Phylogenie der rezenten Formen. Leipzig.
Harz, K. 1975. Die Orthopteren Europas 2. Series Ent. 11: 62-195, figs.208-710.
H.D. Loxdale1,G. Lushai.1998.Molecular markers in entomology.Bulletin of Entomological Research ,8:77–600.
Hennig, W. 1950. Grundzüge einer theorie der phylogenetischen systematic.Berlin: Deutscher Zentralverlag.
Hennig, W. 1965. Phylogenetic systematics. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 10: 97-116. Http://osf2.orthoptera.org/HomePage.aspx
Kevan, D. K. McE. 1964. Pamphagidae Burmister, 1840, and Pyrgomorphiae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1874: proposed addition to the Offcial List of Family-Group Names in Zoology, and further proposals arising there from (Insecta: Orthoptera). Z. N. (S). 1650, Bull. zool. Nom., London 21: 377.
Kirby, W. F. 1910. A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. British Museum Catalogue of Orthoptera 3. Orth. part ii (Locustidae Vel Acridiidae) vii+674 pp.
Kirby, W. F. 1914. The fauna of British india, including Ceylon and Burma. Orthoptera (Acridiidae). London, pp. i-x, l90-191.
Krauss, H. 1892. Dermapteren und Orthopteren aus Tunis. Wien. ent. Z. xi: 143-150.
Krauss, H. A. 1896. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer von Dr. K. Escherich unternommenen Reise nach CentralKleinasien. II. Theil. Orthoptera. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. ix: 557-570, pl. viii.
Krauss, H. A. 1902. Beitrag zur kenntniss der Orthopteren fauna der Sahara. Verh. Ges. Wien lii: 230-254.
Krauss, H. A. 1909. Dermaptera und Orthoptera aus Aegypten, der Halbinsel Sinai, Palastina und Syrien. In. A. Kneucker. Zool. Ergebnisse Zweier botan. Studienreisen. Karlsruhe Verh. Natw. Ver. 21 1907-08 Abh. 99-119.
Krauss, A. 1915. Pamphagus marmoratus var. elegans m. nov. var. ex Sardmia. Arch. Natg Berlin Abt. A 80 Heft 9: 68.
Kumar, S., Tamura, K., Jakobsen, I. B. and Nei, M. 2001. MEGA2: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
Latreille, P. A. 1793. Precis des caracteres Generiques des Insectes Bordeaux.
Latreille, P. A. 1817. Les Crustaces, les Arachnides et les Insectes. Cuvier (G.JC.F.D.). Le Regne Animal. Paris.
Leong JM, Hafernik JE Jr.1992.Hybridization between two damselfly species (Odonata: Coenagrionidae):morphometric and genitalic differentiation. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am.,85:662-670.
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema natura per regna tria nature. Secundum classes. Ordines, genera, species. Tome 1(10th ed.).
Linnaeus, C. 1767. Systema Naturae 12th ed.
Litzenberger, G. & Chapco, W. 2001a. A molecular phylogeographic perspective on a fifty-year old taxonomic issue in grasshopper systematics. Heredity. 86: 54-59.
Litzenberger, G. & Chapco, W. 2001b. Molecular Phylogeny of selected Eurasian Podismine Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 94(4): 505-511.
Litzenberger, G. & Chapco, W. 2003. The North American Melanoplinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae): A Molecular Phylogenetic Study of Their Origins and Taxonomic Relationships. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 96(4): 491-497.
Lunt D H,Ibrahim K M,Hewitt G M. 1998.mtDNA phylogeography and postglacial patterns of subdivision in the meadow grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus. Heredity, 80:633-641.
Lunt D H,Zhang D X,Szymura J M,et al. 1996.The insect cytochrome oxidase I gene: evolutionary patterns and conserved primers for phylogenetic studies.Insect Mol Biol, 5(3):153-165.
Maekawa K, Kitade O, Matsumoto T. 1999.Molecular phylogeny of orthopteroid insects based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidaseⅡgene.Zool Sci, 16:175-184.
Maddison, W. P. & Maddison, D. R. 1992. MacClade: analysis of phylogeny and character evolution, version 3.0. Sinauer Associates, MA.
Mamiya Y.1986.Interspecific hybridization between Bursaphelenchu Xylophilus and B. mucronatus (Aphelenchida:Aphelenchoididae).Appl.Ent.Zool.,21:159-163.
Martel R K, Chapco W. 1995.Mitochondrial DNA variation in North American Oedipodinae. Biochem Genet, 33(1-2):1-11.
Mistshenko, L. L. 1951. Revision of Acrididae of the genus Paranocarodes I.Bol. (Saltatoria, Orthoptera, Acrididae) and their nearest kin. [In Russian.] C.R. Acad. Sci. URSS, Moscow (N.S.) 77: 517-520, 11 figs.
MUSTAFAüNAL.2007.Revision of the genus Glyphotmethis Bey-Bienko, 1951 (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae).Zootaxa,1581:1–36.
Otte D, Naskrecki P. 1997 Orthoptera Species Online. http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/ Orthop- tera. (2004/02/10).
Otte D. 1994. Orthoptera species file 3. Grasshoppers (Acridomorpha) B. Pamphagoidea. Philadelphia: The Orthopterists Society and the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 142-206.
Pfadt, R. E. 1970. A new grasshopper genus and species from Afghanistan (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae).Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 39: 21-26, 7 figs, 1 pl.
Ren ZM, Ma EB, Guo YP, Zhong Y. 2004.A molecular phylogeny of Oxya (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) in China inferred from partial cytochrome b gene sequences[J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33 (2): 516~21.
Saito, N. and Nei, M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic tree. Mol. Biol. Evol., 4: 406-425.
Rowell CHF and Flook PK.2005.A dated molecular phylogeny of the Proctolabinae (Orthoptera, Acrididae), especially the Lithoscirtae,and the evolution of their adaptive traits and present biogeography. J Orthoptera Research, 13 (1): 35~56.
Saussure, H. de. 1884. Prodromus Oedipodiorum insectorum ex Ordine Orthoptero- rum. Mem. Sco. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 28(9): 1-254, pl. l.
Saussure, H. de. 1887. Spicilegia entomologica genavensia. 2. Tribu des Pamphagiens. Geneva: 4to: 94 pp. 2 pls.
Saussure, H. de. 1888. Additamenta ad prodromum Oedipodiorum. Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. xxx No. 1: 1-180, pl. ii.
Saussure, H. De. 1889. Note sur quelques Oedipodiens, en Particulier sur les genres appartenant au type des Sphingonotus Mitteilungen derSchweizerischen entomologis chen Gesellschaft, 8: 87-97.
Silveira, E. B., Al-Janabi, S. M., Magalhaes, B. P., et al. 1998. An. Soc. Entomol. Bras., 27(1): 91-99.
Sneath, P. H. A. & Sokal, R. R. 1973. Numerical taxonomy. Freeman, San Francisco, CA St?l, C. 1873. Orhtoptera nova.Oefv. AK. Forh. P. 39-53.
St?l, C. 1873. Recensio Orhtopterorum Revue Critque des Orhtopteres decrets Par Linne, De Geer et Thunberg. Stockholm, P. A. Norstedt & Soner I: iv+(20)+154 pp.
St?l, C. 1876. Observations Orthopterologiques. Sv. Ak. Handl. Bihang iii. No. 14: 1-43.
St?l, C. 1876. Observation Orthopterologiques. Sv. Ak. Handl. Bihang v No 5: 1-58.
St?l, C. 1878. Systema Acridiodeorum; essai d’une systematisation des Acridiodees. Sv. Ak. Handl., Bihang iv No. 4: 1-100.
Swofford, D. L. 1997. PAUP: Phylogenetic analysis using Parsimony, version 4.0. Smithscnian Institute, Washington, D. C.
Szymura J M,Lunt D H,Hewitt G M.1996.The sequence and structure of the meadow grasshopper (Chorthippus parallelus) mitochondrial 12s rRNA, ND2, COⅠ,COⅡATPase8 and tRNA genes. Insect Bichem Mole Biol, 5(2):127-139.
Thunberg, C. P. 1775.Pneumora et nytt genus igbland insecterne, uptackt och beskrifvit. K. Svenska Vetensk Akad. Handl. 36: 254-260.
Tsyplenkov, E. P. 1956. A new genus of the tribe Thrinchini (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from western China. [In Russian with English summary.] Ent. Obozr., Moscow 35: 883-885, 1 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1912. Contribution a la faune des Orthopteres du Turkertan. Rev. russ. ent. St. Peterburg 12: 207-215.
Uvarov, B. P. 1919. De formis rossicis generis Acrida L. (Orthoptera: Acridiodea ) Rev. Russe ent. 16: 8-13, figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1922. Records and Descriptions of Orthoptera from S. W. Asia. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 28: 719-738, 2 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1922. Orchamus bellami sp. n. a new Pamphagidae grasshopper from the Canary Islands. Ent. Mo. Mag. London 58: 139-141.
Uvarov, B. P. 1922. Saussuriana arabica sp. n. die erste Pamphagide von Arabien Knowia Vienna 1: 188-189.
Uvarov, B. P. 1923. Records and descriptions of Orthoptera from Northwest Africa. Nov. Zool. Tring 30: 59-78, 1 pl., 2 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1924. A new genus of Pamphaginae (Orth.) from the Angola Coast. Ann. Mag. N. H. London (9)14: 617-619.
Uvarov, B. P. 1925. Notes on the Acrididae (Orth.) of Central Asia with descriptions of new species and races. J. Bombay N. H. Soc. 30: 260-272.
Uvarov, B. P. 1928. Notes on some Caucasian Pamphaginae (Orthoptera: Acrididae). [In English with Russian summary]. Rev. Russe Ent. Leningred 22: 148-155, 2 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1929. Contributions to a knowledge of the fauna of South West Africa, VIII. Records and descriptions of Acrididae from South West Africa. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Cape Town 29: 41-75, 1 pl., 12 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1934. Studies in the Orthoptera of Turkey Iraq and Syria. Eos Madrid 10: 21-119, 38 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1936. Studies in the Arabian Orthoptera.–I. Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies. J. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., 39: 531-554, 2pls. 5 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1838. Orthoptera from Iraq and Iran. Field Mus. Pub., Chicago Zool. Ser. 20: 439-451, 1 map, 5 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1940. Two new Orthoptera from Turkey. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. London (11) 6: 522-527, 2 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1942. New and less known southern Palaearctic Orthoptera. Trans. Amer. ent. Soc. Philadelphia 67: 303-361, 5 pls.
Uvarov, B. P. 1943. The tribe Thrinchini of the subfamily Pamphaginae, and the interrelations of the Acridid subfamilies (Orthoptera). Trans. R. ent. Soc. London 93: 1-72, 73 figs.
Uvarov, B. P. 1949. Some Pamphaginae from Turkey (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Bull. Soc. Fouad ler Ent. Cairo 33: 1-9.
Uvarov, B. P. & Dirsh, V. M. 1952. Orthoptera collected in Iran. Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel 63: 1-16, 4 figs.
Vickery, V. R. & Keven, D. K. McE. 1983. A monograph of the orthopteroid insects of Canada and adjacent regions. Memoroirs Lyman ent. Mus. Res. Lab. No. 13(2): I-iv, 681-1462, illustr. [In English]
Walton, C., Butlin, R. K. and Monk, K. A. 1997. A phylogeny for grasshoppers of the genus Chitaura (Orhtoptera: Acrididae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia, based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 62: 365-382.
Willemse, F. 1985. Fauna GraeciaeⅡ: Key to Orthoptera species. Athens, 23~61. Yin X C, Shi J P, Yin Z. 1996. A synonymic catalogue of grasshoppers and their allies of the world. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House.
Zhang D C, Yin H, Yin X C. 2003. On the taxonomic system of Eurasian Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 46:218-221.
Zhang D X, Szymura J M, Hewitt G M. 1995.Evolution andstructural conservation of the control region of insectmitochondrial DNA. Mol Evol, 40(4):382-391.
Zhang D X, Hewitt G M.1996.Highly conserved nuclearcopies of the mitochondrial control region in the desert locust. Schistocerca gregaria: some implicationsfor population studies.Mol Ecol, 5(2):295-300.