基于ABAQUS的内河航道岸坡稳定性数值模拟研究
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摘要
航道岸坡失稳普遍存在于江河中,其在引起沿岸建筑物破坏、造成财产损失的同时,也会侵蚀两岸土地资源、危害通航条件、增加航道维护费用。因此开展航道岸坡稳定性研究具有十分重要的意义。
影响航道岸坡稳定性的外界因素很多,本文主要考虑水位差引发的渗流、降雨和船行波这三个因素的影响。本文采用大型有限元软件ABAQUS,根据广西壮族自治区右江上游那吉库区岸坡整治工程研究项目提供的当地资料建立数值模型,并采用有限元强度折减法分析各因素对岸坡稳定性的影响。研究主要内容包括以下几点:
1.介绍了ABAQUS流固耦合分析原理,强度折减法基本原理和摩尔库仑模型,并说明了模型参数如何选取。
2.研究单因素对岸坡稳定性的影响。单因素包括水位、水位差引发的渗流、降雨和船行波。在ABAQUS中建立数值模型,并采用有限元强度折减法计算安全系数。根据计算得到的岸坡在不同工况下的孔隙水压力、饱和度、塑性区、位移、流速分布及应力变化情况,分析各因素导致岸坡失稳的原因。比较同一影响因素不同工况下边坡的安全系数,并归纳其变化趋势。在分析水位和稳定渗流对岸坡的影响时,同时采用Morgenstern-Price法进行计算,并将两者的计算结果进行对比,以验证有限元强度折减法可靠性。
3.研究多种因素组合作用对岸坡稳定性的影响。分别将渗流、降雨和船行波中的两种因素和全部因素组合在一起,每种组合选取若干工况进行计算。根据计算结果中的孔隙水压力、饱和度、塑性区、位移、流速分布及应力变化情况,分析各种组合导致岸坡失稳的原因。比较不同组合下边坡的安全系数,归纳其变化趋势。除此之外还分析了各因素之间的相互作用。
研究结果表明:水位越低、稳定渗流水头差越大、水位下降速度越快、降雨强度越大、船行波导致的土体强度弱化越严重,岸坡的安全系数越低。降雨主要导致边坡表层失稳,对粘土边坡的整体稳定性影响不大。船行波本身对岸坡稳定性影响较小,其循环作用引起的土体强度弱化会产生较大影响。当三种因素组合作用时,各因素之间影响效果和幅度各不相同。
Bank slope instability universally exists in rivers, it leads to the damage of buildings along the river and property loss; at the same time, it leads to land erotion of the bank, threatens navigation conditions and increases the channel maintenance cost. Consequently, the research on the river bank slope stability is very meaningful.
There are many factors which affect bank slope stability, but in this thesis seepage, rainfall and shipwave are mainly considered. The numerical models are set up based on local data according to the request of Guangxi Autonomous Region Youjiang upstream Naji reservoir bank slope regulation project through large general FEM analysis software ABAQUS, and FEM strength reduction method is applied to analyse the effects of different factors on slpoe stability.
The main contents of this thesis are abstracted as follows:
1. The ABAQUS fluid-solid coupling analysis principle, the strength reduction method and Mohr-Coulomb model are described, and the selection of modle parameters is introduced.
2. The effects of single factors on slope are studied. Single factors include water level, seepage, rainfall and ship wave. Numerical modles are set up in ABAQUS, and safety coefficients are calculated through strength reduction method. According to the calculation results which show the distributions of pore pressure, saturation, plastic zone, displacement and velocity and the change of stress, the reasons why each factor leads to slope steability are analysed. The safety coefficients under the same factor but different conditions are compared, and their trends are summeried. When it comes to the analyse of the effects of water level and seepage on slope steability, Morgenstern-Price method is also adopted, and the results of the two methods are compared to verify the reliability FEM strength reduction.
3. The effects of combinatorial factors on slope are studied. Two or all of the three factors are combined,and several conditions are selected for each combination to calculate. According to the calculation results which show the distributions of pore pressure, saturation, plastic zone, displacement and velocity and the change of stress, the reasons why each combination leads to slope steability are analysed. The safety coefficients under different combinations are compared, and their trends are summeried. Besides, how each factor affects each other is also analysed.
The results show that the safety coefficient decreases as the water level falls, head difference of steady seepage rises, rainfall intensity increases, soil strength weakening generated by ship wave gets worse. Rainfall mainly leads to the insteability of slope surface and has less effect on global stability of clay slope. Ship wave itself has little effct on slope stability, but the soil strength weakening by its circulation function has a strong influence. When the three factors combined together, the effect of each factor is different.
影响航道岸坡稳定性的外界因素很多,本文主要考虑水位差引发的渗流、降雨和船行波这三个因素的影响。本文采用大型有限元软件ABAQUS,根据广西壮族自治区右江上游那吉库区岸坡整治工程研究项目提供的当地资料建立数值模型,并采用有限元强度折减法分析各因素对岸坡稳定性的影响。研究主要内容包括以下几点:
1.介绍了ABAQUS流固耦合分析原理,强度折减法基本原理和摩尔库仑模型,并说明了模型参数如何选取。
2.研究单因素对岸坡稳定性的影响。单因素包括水位、水位差引发的渗流、降雨和船行波。在ABAQUS中建立数值模型,并采用有限元强度折减法计算安全系数。根据计算得到的岸坡在不同工况下的孔隙水压力、饱和度、塑性区、位移、流速分布及应力变化情况,分析各因素导致岸坡失稳的原因。比较同一影响因素不同工况下边坡的安全系数,并归纳其变化趋势。在分析水位和稳定渗流对岸坡的影响时,同时采用Morgenstern-Price法进行计算,并将两者的计算结果进行对比,以验证有限元强度折减法可靠性。
3.研究多种因素组合作用对岸坡稳定性的影响。分别将渗流、降雨和船行波中的两种因素和全部因素组合在一起,每种组合选取若干工况进行计算。根据计算结果中的孔隙水压力、饱和度、塑性区、位移、流速分布及应力变化情况,分析各种组合导致岸坡失稳的原因。比较不同组合下边坡的安全系数,归纳其变化趋势。除此之外还分析了各因素之间的相互作用。
研究结果表明:水位越低、稳定渗流水头差越大、水位下降速度越快、降雨强度越大、船行波导致的土体强度弱化越严重,岸坡的安全系数越低。降雨主要导致边坡表层失稳,对粘土边坡的整体稳定性影响不大。船行波本身对岸坡稳定性影响较小,其循环作用引起的土体强度弱化会产生较大影响。当三种因素组合作用时,各因素之间影响效果和幅度各不相同。
Bank slope instability universally exists in rivers, it leads to the damage of buildings along the river and property loss; at the same time, it leads to land erotion of the bank, threatens navigation conditions and increases the channel maintenance cost. Consequently, the research on the river bank slope stability is very meaningful.
There are many factors which affect bank slope stability, but in this thesis seepage, rainfall and shipwave are mainly considered. The numerical models are set up based on local data according to the request of Guangxi Autonomous Region Youjiang upstream Naji reservoir bank slope regulation project through large general FEM analysis software ABAQUS, and FEM strength reduction method is applied to analyse the effects of different factors on slpoe stability.
The main contents of this thesis are abstracted as follows:
1. The ABAQUS fluid-solid coupling analysis principle, the strength reduction method and Mohr-Coulomb model are described, and the selection of modle parameters is introduced.
2. The effects of single factors on slope are studied. Single factors include water level, seepage, rainfall and ship wave. Numerical modles are set up in ABAQUS, and safety coefficients are calculated through strength reduction method. According to the calculation results which show the distributions of pore pressure, saturation, plastic zone, displacement and velocity and the change of stress, the reasons why each factor leads to slope steability are analysed. The safety coefficients under the same factor but different conditions are compared, and their trends are summeried. When it comes to the analyse of the effects of water level and seepage on slope steability, Morgenstern-Price method is also adopted, and the results of the two methods are compared to verify the reliability FEM strength reduction.
3. The effects of combinatorial factors on slope are studied. Two or all of the three factors are combined,and several conditions are selected for each combination to calculate. According to the calculation results which show the distributions of pore pressure, saturation, plastic zone, displacement and velocity and the change of stress, the reasons why each combination leads to slope steability are analysed. The safety coefficients under different combinations are compared, and their trends are summeried. Besides, how each factor affects each other is also analysed.
The results show that the safety coefficient decreases as the water level falls, head difference of steady seepage rises, rainfall intensity increases, soil strength weakening generated by ship wave gets worse. Rainfall mainly leads to the insteability of slope surface and has less effect on global stability of clay slope. Ship wave itself has little effct on slope stability, but the soil strength weakening by its circulation function has a strong influence. When the three factors combined together, the effect of each factor is different.
引文
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[5]李宗坤,陈丽刚,韩立炜,基于ABAQUS渗流与应力耦合的边坡稳定性分析,人民黄河,2011,33(2):103~104
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[21] Rahardjo H.,Ong T.H.,Rezaur R.B.,Factors controlling instability of homogeneous soil slopes under rainfall,Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2007,133(12):1532~1543
[22] Tohari Adrin , Nishigaki Makoto , Komatsu Mitsuru , Laboratory rainfall-induced slope failure with moisture content measurement,Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2007,133(5):575~587
[23] Rahimi Arezoo,Rahardjo Harianto,Leong Eng-Choon,Effect of antecedent rainfall patterns on rainfall-induced slope failure,Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2011,137(5):483~491
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[3]章广成,水位变化对滑坡稳定性的影响研究,硕士学位论文,中国地质大学,2005
[4]邓东平,李亮,赵炼恒,稳定渗流条件下土坡稳定性分析的一种新方法,工程地质学报,2011,19(1):29~36
[5]李宗坤,陈丽刚,韩立炜,基于ABAQUS渗流与应力耦合的边坡稳定性分析,人民黄河,2011,33(2):103~104
[6]吴辉,尚羽,稳基于水土相互作用的边坡稳定性分析,中外公路,2011,31(3):26~30
[7]欧阳君,徐千军,侍克斌等,土石坝边坡稳定性分析的温控参数折减有限元法,岩土力学,2011,32(8):2549~2554
[8] Wilson G.V.,Periketi R.K.,Fox G.A.,et al.,Soil properties controlling seepage erosion contributions to streambank failure,Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2007,32(3):447~459
[9] Chu-Agor Maria Librada,Cancienne Rachel M.Fox,Garey A.,et al.,Slope Failure Mechanisms due to Seepage: Three-Dimensional Soil Block Experiments,American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting,2008,3:1701~1713
[10] Chu-Agor M.L.,Wilson G.V.,Fox, Garey A.,Numerical modeling of bank instability by seepage erosion undercutting of layered streambanks,Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2008,50(1):1133~1145
[11] Fredlund Murray,Lu Haihua,Feng Tiequn,Combined seepage and slope stability analysis of rapid drawdown scenarios for levee design,Geotechnical Special Publication,2011,21,1595~1604
[12] Wei W.B.,Cheng Y.M.,Stability analysis of slope with water flow by strength reduction method,Soils and Foundations,2010,50(1):83~92
[13]詹青文,刘仁德,降雨过程中的边坡失稳研究,人民长江,2011,42(11):103~106
[14]孙刚志,王永波,齐永华,降雨入渗影响下公路边坡稳定性分析,北方交通,2011,6:48~50
[15]张亮亮,考虑降雨入渗影响的公路边坡稳定性数值试验研究,硕士学位论文,武汉理工大学,2006
[16]银晓鹏,降雨条件下的边坡渗流数值模拟及稳定性分析,硕士学位论文,兰州理工大学,2008
[17]张培文,降雨条件下饱和-非饱和土径流渗流耦合数值模拟研究,博士学位论文,大连理工大学,2002
[18]韩金明,肖明,考虑降雨特征的浅层边坡稳定性分析,中国农村水利水电,2011,5:105~108
[19]刘华磊,徐则民,张勇等,降雨条件下边坡裂缝的演化机制及对边坡稳定性影响——以云南省双柏县丁家坟滑坡为例,灾害学,2011,26(1):26~29
[20]王协群,张有祥,邹维列等,降雨入渗条件下非饱和路堤变形与边坡的稳定数值模拟,岩土力学,2010,31(11):3640~3644
[21] Rahardjo H.,Ong T.H.,Rezaur R.B.,Factors controlling instability of homogeneous soil slopes under rainfall,Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2007,133(12):1532~1543
[22] Tohari Adrin , Nishigaki Makoto , Komatsu Mitsuru , Laboratory rainfall-induced slope failure with moisture content measurement,Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2007,133(5):575~587
[23] Rahimi Arezoo,Rahardjo Harianto,Leong Eng-Choon,Effect of antecedent rainfall patterns on rainfall-induced slope failure,Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2011,137(5):483~491
[24]王水田,关于船行波问题的研究(一),水道港口,1980,4:21~37
[25]王水田,关于船行波问题的研究(二),水道港口,1981,1:9~16
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