门架式水力插板桩的有限元分析和优化设计
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摘要
本文在总结国内外对双排桩支护结构的研究现状的基础之上，结合通用有限元软件Ansys，对门架式水力插板桩进行了二维非线性平面应变有限元分析，就其中的关键问题——桩与土的共同作用进行了研究。板桩采用线弹性，土体采用弹塑性本构关系，建立了桩土共同作用的有限元模型。由于桩体结构的材料性能与周围土层性质相差较大，在荷载作用下有可能在其接触面上产生较大的剪应力从而导致错动或开裂，为了充分反映桩土接触面上的受力及变形特征，考虑桩土之间的共同作用，在桩土接触面处设置面面接触单元，将采用接触单元和不采用接触单元两种算法的计算结果与模型试验结果进行比较，验证了本文接触界面处理的合理性。并针对具体算例，讨论了各种材料参数对板桩位移和接触应力的影响。在此基础上，利用Ansys软件提供的APDL语言，提出了以桩体最大变形为目标函数的优化设计方法，对板桩间距进行了优化设计。此外，还探讨了门架式水力插板桩的动力特性，以及桩长和桩间距对结构动力特性的影响。为进一步指导工程实践提供了理论依据。
The domestic and abroad research about retaining structure with double-row piles is summarized, and its disadvantages are shown in this paper. Two-dimensional nonlinear plane-strain Fern analysis, which emphasizes the pile-soil interaction, is developed for portal water injection sheet piles with the software Ansys. Because of the different material property of the piles and soil, shear stress is produced on the contact surface between piles and soil, which may cause slide and crazing of the soil mass under workload. In order to reflect the mechanical character precisely on the contact surface, a new kind of element, plane-plane contact element is introduced. The principle of the process is presented in detail and the finite element model is established with the consideration of the soil's elastoplastic constitutive relation. Compared with the examination results, the theoretical calculation results with finite element method demonstrate the feasibility of the contact element.
With an engineering example, the influence of many material factors on piles deformation and contact stress of portal water injection sheet piles has been discussed. Based on the numerical results, an optimum design model, which considers the maximal deformation of the piles as objective function, is put forward with the computer language APDL provided by Ansys program. Finically, the dynamic property of portal water injection sheet piles is analyzed in this paper, and the influence on dynamic property of pile length and distance between piles is discussed in detail. Some valuable conclusions have been reached, which can do something useful to engineering practice.
The domestic and abroad research about retaining structure with double-row piles is summarized, and its disadvantages are shown in this paper. Two-dimensional nonlinear plane-strain Fern analysis, which emphasizes the pile-soil interaction, is developed for portal water injection sheet piles with the software Ansys. Because of the different material property of the piles and soil, shear stress is produced on the contact surface between piles and soil, which may cause slide and crazing of the soil mass under workload. In order to reflect the mechanical character precisely on the contact surface, a new kind of element, plane-plane contact element is introduced. The principle of the process is presented in detail and the finite element model is established with the consideration of the soil's elastoplastic constitutive relation. Compared with the examination results, the theoretical calculation results with finite element method demonstrate the feasibility of the contact element.
With an engineering example, the influence of many material factors on piles deformation and contact stress of portal water injection sheet piles has been discussed. Based on the numerical results, an optimum design model, which considers the maximal deformation of the piles as objective function, is put forward with the computer language APDL provided by Ansys program. Finically, the dynamic property of portal water injection sheet piles is analyzed in this paper, and the influence on dynamic property of pile length and distance between piles is discussed in detail. Some valuable conclusions have been reached, which can do something useful to engineering practice.
引文
[1] 何富荣．利用水力插板技术建设堤坝工程．港工技术，2001，2：40-42
[2] Luo Yong, Guo Haiyan, Li Yunsheng. Study on the calculation method for stability against overturning of portal water injection sheet piles. Process in Safety Science and Technology. Taian, China, 2002:430-435
[3] COYLE H M, REESE L C. Load transfer for axially load piles in clay [J]. Soil Mesh Found Div Proc, ASCE, 1992(2): 1-12
[4] 王旭东，魏道垛，宰金珉．群桩—土—承台结构共同作用的数值分析。岩土工程学报，1996，18(4)：27-33
[5] COOKE R W. THE settlement of friction pile foundations [J]. Proc Conf On Tall Buildings Kuala Lumper, 1974
[6] Butterfield, R, Banerjeepk, P, K. The Problem of Pile-Group-Pile Cap Interaction, Geotechnique, 1971,21(2)
[7] Sommer, H, Wittmann, P , Ripper., Piled raft foundation of tall building in Frankfurt clay, Proc. 11 int. Conf. On SMFE, 1985, Vol (4)
[8] Christian J.T. Soil structure-interaction for tall buildings. Planning and design of tall buildings, Lehigh u, 1972
[9] 张弘．深基坑开挖中双排桩支护结构的应用与探讨．地基处理，1993，4(3)：42-47
[10] 林栋．用双排灌注桩作深基坑围护结构的尝试．建筑施工，1994，16(4)：8-9
[11] 何颐华，杨斌，金宝森等．双排护坡桩试验与计算的研究．1996，17(2)：58-66
[12] 余志成，施文华．深基坑支护设计与施工．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997．3
[13] 黄强．深基坑支护工程设计技术．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1995
[14] 熊巨华．一类双排桩支护结构的简化计算方法．勘察科学技术，1999，2：32-34
[15] 万智．深基坑双排桩支护结构体系受力分析与计算．湖南大学硕士学位论文，2001，10
[16] 龚晓南，高有潮．深基坑工程设计施工手册[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1998：439-440
[17] 郭志昆，张武刚等．对当前基坑工程中几个主要问题的讨论．岩土工程界，2001，5(4)：40-43
[18] A.R. Johnson &C.J. Quigley. Frictionless geometrically nonlinear contact using quadratic programming. International journal for numerical methods in engineering, 1980,28:127-144
[19] H. Parisch. A consistent tangent stiffness matrix for three-dimensional
non-linear contact analysis. International journal for numerical methods in engineering, 1989, 28:1803-1812
[20] J. C. Simp. P. Wriggers. K. H. Schweizerhof and R. L. Taylor. Finite deformation post-bucking analysis involving inelasticity and contact constraints. Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering, 1986,23:779-800
[21] 宰金珉．群桩与土和承台非线性共同作用分析的半解析半数值方法，建筑结构学报，1996，17(1)：63-74
[22] 陈如桂，彭家泓．复杂桩土系统荷载传递特性的正反演理论及其应用．广州建筑，1997，(1)：6-12
[23] 沈伟跃，赵锡宏．有限元—无限元耦合单桩弹性分析法，工程力学，1990，7(3)：52-64
[24] 蔡袁强，赵永倩．软土地基深基坑中双排桩式围护结构有限元分析，浙江大学学报，1997，31(4)：442-448
[25] 蔡袁强，夏元芳．软土地基深基坑开挖中双排桩式围护结构应用实录．建筑结构学报，1997，18(4)：70-76
[26] 陈云．深基坑开挖双排桩支护体系的仿真计算分析．长江科学院硕士学位论文，1996，7
[27] 蔡袁强，阮连法．软粘土地基基坑开挖中双排桩式围护结构的数值分析与应用．建筑结构学报，1999，20(4)：65-71
[28] 吴正平．引入摩擦元模拟桩土共同作用，南昌航空工业学院学报，2000，14(4)：63-68
[29] Duncan, J.M., and Chang, C.Y., Nonlinear analysis of stress and strain in soils, J. of Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 1970,96(5):1629-1653
[30] 刘振纹．软土地基上桶形基础的稳定性研究．[博士学位论文]，天津：天津大学，2002
[31] Ansys—非线性指南，北京：美国Ansys公司北京办事处，1998
[32] 王元湘．关于深基坑支护结构计算的增量法和总量法．地下空间，2000，3(1)：43-46
[33] 龚晓南．土工计算机分析，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1999
[34] 张学言．岩土塑性力学．北京：人民出版社，1993
[35] 章根德．土的本构模型及其工程应用．北京：科学出版社，1995
[36] 伊颖锋，施建勇，周清华．土体弹塑性本构模型研究概述，岩土工程师，2002，14(2)：10-13
[37] 黄文熙．土的工程性质．北京：中国水利水电出版社，1983
[38] 朱百里，沈珠江．计算土力学．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1990
[39] 李广信．关于Duncan双曲线模型参数确定的若干错误做法．岩土工程学报，1998，20(5)：116-116
[40] Prevost, J. H.. Plasticity theory for soil stress-strain behavior. J. of the
engineering mechanics, 1978,104(em5):1177-1194
[41] W.F. CHEN and G.Y. BALADI. Soil plasticity theory and implementation, Elsevier Science Publishing Company Inc, NEW YORK, 1985
[43] W.F. CHEN, Limit analysis and soil plasticity, Elsevier Science Publishing Company Inc, NEW YORK, 1975
[44] Akihiko Wakai, Shingo Gose, Keizo Vgai, 3-D elast-plastic finite element analysis of pile foundations subjected to lateral loading, Soil and Foundations, 1999, 39(1): 47-111
[45] 杨桂通，树学锋．塑性力学．北京：中国建材工业出版社，2000，3
[46] Ansys—非线性指南，北京：美国Ansys公司北京办事处，1998
[47] 周瑞忠，覃海婴．桩土共同作用原理与变形土体侧压力研究．福州大学学报，1999，27(6)：50-55
[48] 王成，邓安福．水平荷载桩桩土共同作用全过程分析．岩土工程学报，2001，23(4)：476-480
[49] H. Rothert, H. Idelberger, W. Jacobi and L. Niemann. On geometrically nonlinear contact problems with friction. Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering, 1985,51:139-155
[50] J.O. Hallpuist. G. L. Goudreau and D. J. Benaon. Sliding interfaces with contact-impact in largescale lagrangian computation. Computer method in applied mechanics and engineering, 1985,51:107-137
[51] Poulos H. G., Davis, E, H.. The settlement behavior of single axially loaded incompressible piles and piers. Geotechnique, 1968,18(3):351-371
[52] RANDOL, PH M, WROTH C P. An analysis of the vertical deformation of pile groups[J]. Geotechnique, 1979,29(4):423-439
[53] TA I, D, SMALL, J C. Analysis of pile raft systems in layered soils[J]. Int Jnl Num Anal Mechs In Geomechs, 1996, Vol (20)
[54] Goodman R E, Talor R L, Brekke T L. A model for the mechanics of jointed rock. Journ soil mech & found Div ASCE, 1968, 94(3): 637-660
[55] Desai C S, Zaman M M, Lightner J Get Al. Thin layer element for interface and joints[j]. Int. Jorun. For Num. & Analy. Meth. In Geomech.,1984,8(1):19-43
[56] 殷宗泽，朱弘，许国华．土与结构材料接触面的变形及数学模拟[J]．岩土工程学报，1994，16(3)：14-22
[57] S.H. Chan and I.S. Tuba. A finite element method for contact problems of solid
bodies.International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 1971,13:615-639
[58] Ansys—入门手册(上、下)，北京：美国Ansys公司北京办事处，1998
[59] 王国强．实用工程数值模拟技术及其在Ansys上的实践．西安：西北工业大学出版社，2000
[60] 陈精一，蔡国忠．电脑辅助工程分析Ansys使用指南．北京：中国铁道出版社，2001
[61] Mccallen D B, Romstad K M. Nonlinear model for building-soil systems [J]. Journal of Engrg Mechanics, 1994, 120(5): 113-120
[62] 杨冰．实用最优化方法及计算机程序．哈尔滨：哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社，1994
[63] Ansys高级技术分析指南，北京：美国Ansys公司北京办事处，1998：8～9
[64] Farkas J. Optimum design of circular hollow section beam-columns[J]. ISOPE,1992, 4: 494-499
[65] ASO K. The optimum design of a stepped pipe for mining nanganese modules with consideration for reducing its maximum axial stress[j]. ISOPE, 1996, 1:29-36
[66] 徐礼华，刘祖德，茜平一，丁仕苗．高层建筑物—桩筏基础—地基相互作用体系动力特性分析．武汉水利电力大学学报，2000，33(2)：16—21
[2] Luo Yong, Guo Haiyan, Li Yunsheng. Study on the calculation method for stability against overturning of portal water injection sheet piles. Process in Safety Science and Technology. Taian, China, 2002:430-435
[3] COYLE H M, REESE L C. Load transfer for axially load piles in clay [J]. Soil Mesh Found Div Proc, ASCE, 1992(2): 1-12
[4] 王旭东，魏道垛，宰金珉．群桩—土—承台结构共同作用的数值分析。岩土工程学报，1996，18(4)：27-33
[5] COOKE R W. THE settlement of friction pile foundations [J]. Proc Conf On Tall Buildings Kuala Lumper, 1974
[6] Butterfield, R, Banerjeepk, P, K. The Problem of Pile-Group-Pile Cap Interaction, Geotechnique, 1971,21(2)
[7] Sommer, H, Wittmann, P , Ripper., Piled raft foundation of tall building in Frankfurt clay, Proc. 11 int. Conf. On SMFE, 1985, Vol (4)
[8] Christian J.T. Soil structure-interaction for tall buildings. Planning and design of tall buildings, Lehigh u, 1972
[9] 张弘．深基坑开挖中双排桩支护结构的应用与探讨．地基处理，1993，4(3)：42-47
[10] 林栋．用双排灌注桩作深基坑围护结构的尝试．建筑施工，1994，16(4)：8-9
[11] 何颐华，杨斌，金宝森等．双排护坡桩试验与计算的研究．1996，17(2)：58-66
[12] 余志成，施文华．深基坑支护设计与施工．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997．3
[13] 黄强．深基坑支护工程设计技术．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1995
[14] 熊巨华．一类双排桩支护结构的简化计算方法．勘察科学技术，1999，2：32-34
[15] 万智．深基坑双排桩支护结构体系受力分析与计算．湖南大学硕士学位论文，2001，10
[16] 龚晓南，高有潮．深基坑工程设计施工手册[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1998：439-440
[17] 郭志昆，张武刚等．对当前基坑工程中几个主要问题的讨论．岩土工程界，2001，5(4)：40-43
[18] A.R. Johnson &C.J. Quigley. Frictionless geometrically nonlinear contact using quadratic programming. International journal for numerical methods in engineering, 1980,28:127-144
[19] H. Parisch. A consistent tangent stiffness matrix for three-dimensional
non-linear contact analysis. International journal for numerical methods in engineering, 1989, 28:1803-1812
[20] J. C. Simp. P. Wriggers. K. H. Schweizerhof and R. L. Taylor. Finite deformation post-bucking analysis involving inelasticity and contact constraints. Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering, 1986,23:779-800
[21] 宰金珉．群桩与土和承台非线性共同作用分析的半解析半数值方法，建筑结构学报，1996，17(1)：63-74
[22] 陈如桂，彭家泓．复杂桩土系统荷载传递特性的正反演理论及其应用．广州建筑，1997，(1)：6-12
[23] 沈伟跃，赵锡宏．有限元—无限元耦合单桩弹性分析法，工程力学，1990，7(3)：52-64
[24] 蔡袁强，赵永倩．软土地基深基坑中双排桩式围护结构有限元分析，浙江大学学报，1997，31(4)：442-448
[25] 蔡袁强，夏元芳．软土地基深基坑开挖中双排桩式围护结构应用实录．建筑结构学报，1997，18(4)：70-76
[26] 陈云．深基坑开挖双排桩支护体系的仿真计算分析．长江科学院硕士学位论文，1996，7
[27] 蔡袁强，阮连法．软粘土地基基坑开挖中双排桩式围护结构的数值分析与应用．建筑结构学报，1999，20(4)：65-71
[28] 吴正平．引入摩擦元模拟桩土共同作用，南昌航空工业学院学报，2000，14(4)：63-68
[29] Duncan, J.M., and Chang, C.Y., Nonlinear analysis of stress and strain in soils, J. of Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 1970,96(5):1629-1653
[30] 刘振纹．软土地基上桶形基础的稳定性研究．[博士学位论文]，天津：天津大学，2002
[31] Ansys—非线性指南，北京：美国Ansys公司北京办事处，1998
[32] 王元湘．关于深基坑支护结构计算的增量法和总量法．地下空间，2000，3(1)：43-46
[33] 龚晓南．土工计算机分析，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1999
[34] 张学言．岩土塑性力学．北京：人民出版社，1993
[35] 章根德．土的本构模型及其工程应用．北京：科学出版社，1995
[36] 伊颖锋，施建勇，周清华．土体弹塑性本构模型研究概述，岩土工程师，2002，14(2)：10-13
[37] 黄文熙．土的工程性质．北京：中国水利水电出版社，1983
[38] 朱百里，沈珠江．计算土力学．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1990
[39] 李广信．关于Duncan双曲线模型参数确定的若干错误做法．岩土工程学报，1998，20(5)：116-116
[40] Prevost, J. H.. Plasticity theory for soil stress-strain behavior. J. of the
engineering mechanics, 1978,104(em5):1177-1194
[41] W.F. CHEN and G.Y. BALADI. Soil plasticity theory and implementation, Elsevier Science Publishing Company Inc, NEW YORK, 1985
[43] W.F. CHEN, Limit analysis and soil plasticity, Elsevier Science Publishing Company Inc, NEW YORK, 1975
[44] Akihiko Wakai, Shingo Gose, Keizo Vgai, 3-D elast-plastic finite element analysis of pile foundations subjected to lateral loading, Soil and Foundations, 1999, 39(1): 47-111
[45] 杨桂通，树学锋．塑性力学．北京：中国建材工业出版社，2000，3
[46] Ansys—非线性指南，北京：美国Ansys公司北京办事处，1998
[47] 周瑞忠，覃海婴．桩土共同作用原理与变形土体侧压力研究．福州大学学报，1999，27(6)：50-55
[48] 王成，邓安福．水平荷载桩桩土共同作用全过程分析．岩土工程学报，2001，23(4)：476-480
[49] H. Rothert, H. Idelberger, W. Jacobi and L. Niemann. On geometrically nonlinear contact problems with friction. Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering, 1985,51:139-155
[50] J.O. Hallpuist. G. L. Goudreau and D. J. Benaon. Sliding interfaces with contact-impact in largescale lagrangian computation. Computer method in applied mechanics and engineering, 1985,51:107-137
[51] Poulos H. G., Davis, E, H.. The settlement behavior of single axially loaded incompressible piles and piers. Geotechnique, 1968,18(3):351-371
[52] RANDOL, PH M, WROTH C P. An analysis of the vertical deformation of pile groups[J]. Geotechnique, 1979,29(4):423-439
[53] TA I, D, SMALL, J C. Analysis of pile raft systems in layered soils[J]. Int Jnl Num Anal Mechs In Geomechs, 1996, Vol (20)
[54] Goodman R E, Talor R L, Brekke T L. A model for the mechanics of jointed rock. Journ soil mech & found Div ASCE, 1968, 94(3): 637-660
[55] Desai C S, Zaman M M, Lightner J Get Al. Thin layer element for interface and joints[j]. Int. Jorun. For Num. & Analy. Meth. In Geomech.,1984,8(1):19-43
[56] 殷宗泽，朱弘，许国华．土与结构材料接触面的变形及数学模拟[J]．岩土工程学报，1994，16(3)：14-22
[57] S.H. Chan and I.S. Tuba. A finite element method for contact problems of solid
bodies.International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 1971,13:615-639
[58] Ansys—入门手册(上、下)，北京：美国Ansys公司北京办事处，1998
[59] 王国强．实用工程数值模拟技术及其在Ansys上的实践．西安：西北工业大学出版社，2000
[60] 陈精一，蔡国忠．电脑辅助工程分析Ansys使用指南．北京：中国铁道出版社，2001
[61] Mccallen D B, Romstad K M. Nonlinear model for building-soil systems [J]. Journal of Engrg Mechanics, 1994, 120(5): 113-120
[62] 杨冰．实用最优化方法及计算机程序．哈尔滨：哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社，1994
[63] Ansys高级技术分析指南，北京：美国Ansys公司北京办事处，1998：8～9
[64] Farkas J. Optimum design of circular hollow section beam-columns[J]. ISOPE,1992, 4: 494-499
[65] ASO K. The optimum design of a stepped pipe for mining nanganese modules with consideration for reducing its maximum axial stress[j]. ISOPE, 1996, 1:29-36
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