煤岩体防渗堵水加固浆液试验及应用研究
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摘要
注浆是一种岩土体加固技术,在煤矿井下巷道的加固、巷道涌水的封堵、坝体坝基防渗堵漏、基坑加固、建筑物抬升或纠偏、边坡和地基加固等工程中都得到了广泛的应用,并且其实用性非常强,效果显著。同时,各种注浆新材料、新工艺和新设备层出不穷,极大地促进了注浆技术的发展,注浆材料及浆液性能的研究也是注浆技术中不可缺少的一个重要组成部分。
本文通过采用收集前人资料、室内试验、理论分析以及现场工程应用等研究方法,对煤岩体防渗堵水加固浆液及其应用进行了较为深入的研究,主要内容包括:
(1)详细阐述了注浆技术的发展现状,包括注浆材料、注浆理论、注浆工法,并提出了目前存在的问题,系统总结和分析了渗透注浆的基础理论。
(2)经过查阅相关文献资料以及大量室内试验研究,提出煤岩体防渗堵水加固浆液的组分由水泥、粉煤灰、粘土、生石灰、硫酸钠等组成。利用正交试验,确定了浆液配比的最佳范围。浆液的性能测试结果表明,浆液具有良好性能,其浆液结石体具有很好的防渗堵水加固效果及耐久性,且浆液的性能与浆液各组份的含量有关。固化破碎煤岩体的试验表明,固化后能有效提高固化体的强度。
(3)分析了煤岩体防渗堵水加固浆液的固化反应机理与煤岩体的注浆防渗堵水加固机理,并对注浆效果的评价方法和影响因素进行系统的归纳和分析。
(4)通过实际工程应用试验表明,所配制的煤岩体防渗堵水加固浆液在煤岩体中采取小流量、低压、间歇式、超前长钻孔帷幕注浆,结合短孔注浆方法,有效地控制了煤层段的涌水,现场注浆防渗堵水加固效果良好。
Grouting is widely applied to reinforce roadways, plugging water of roof in nime, preventing leakage and reinforcing surrounding rock of dam foundation, rising and correcting building and so on, which has a wide use and good result. At the same time, grouting technology is greatly developed by multifarious new grouting materials, new technology and new equipment. Study on grouting material and behavior of grout plays a significant role in the technology of grouting.
Base on collecting the past data, indoor test and theoretic analysis and appliance in the scene of projection, test and application of the watertight and reinforcing grout in the coal and rock mass has been preliminary studied inhere. Some results are discussed as followeds:
1. In this paper, development and some quesons of grouting, including grouting material, grouting technology and classification of grouting, have been discussed. Basic theories associated with permeability of grouting are analyzed and summarized in detail.
2. Through the past data and the laboratory, it confirms preliminarily that the watertight and reinforcing grout in the coal and rock mass is made up with cement, fly ash, clay, quicklime, sodium sulfate, water, etc. The proportioning has a general best range through the orthogonal test, however, when applying it in the specified projection, the grout should be according to the practical case at spot as well as the practical experiment, so as to ensure the best formulation. The property of grout test has manifested that the grout has excellent conditions, the stone body of the grout has showed good effect and permanence, and the property of the grout relates to the content of the components of it. The broken coal solidifying experiment shows that the strength of the solidity is improved effectively after solidification.
3. The paper analyses the reaction mechanism of the grout. Grouting how to water shut-off and reinforce the rock mass has been discussed, the affecting factors of the grouting effect has been concluded and summarized.
4. Through case studies, the applied research of projection has manifested that the combined method of small flowing, low voltage, batch-type, full-face curtain permention pre-grouting and reinforceing grouting in short holes in coal and rock mass to control water inrush problems is effective. The grouting result is well.
本文通过采用收集前人资料、室内试验、理论分析以及现场工程应用等研究方法,对煤岩体防渗堵水加固浆液及其应用进行了较为深入的研究,主要内容包括:
(1)详细阐述了注浆技术的发展现状,包括注浆材料、注浆理论、注浆工法,并提出了目前存在的问题,系统总结和分析了渗透注浆的基础理论。
(2)经过查阅相关文献资料以及大量室内试验研究,提出煤岩体防渗堵水加固浆液的组分由水泥、粉煤灰、粘土、生石灰、硫酸钠等组成。利用正交试验,确定了浆液配比的最佳范围。浆液的性能测试结果表明,浆液具有良好性能,其浆液结石体具有很好的防渗堵水加固效果及耐久性,且浆液的性能与浆液各组份的含量有关。固化破碎煤岩体的试验表明,固化后能有效提高固化体的强度。
(3)分析了煤岩体防渗堵水加固浆液的固化反应机理与煤岩体的注浆防渗堵水加固机理,并对注浆效果的评价方法和影响因素进行系统的归纳和分析。
(4)通过实际工程应用试验表明,所配制的煤岩体防渗堵水加固浆液在煤岩体中采取小流量、低压、间歇式、超前长钻孔帷幕注浆,结合短孔注浆方法,有效地控制了煤层段的涌水,现场注浆防渗堵水加固效果良好。
Grouting is widely applied to reinforce roadways, plugging water of roof in nime, preventing leakage and reinforcing surrounding rock of dam foundation, rising and correcting building and so on, which has a wide use and good result. At the same time, grouting technology is greatly developed by multifarious new grouting materials, new technology and new equipment. Study on grouting material and behavior of grout plays a significant role in the technology of grouting.
Base on collecting the past data, indoor test and theoretic analysis and appliance in the scene of projection, test and application of the watertight and reinforcing grout in the coal and rock mass has been preliminary studied inhere. Some results are discussed as followeds:
1. In this paper, development and some quesons of grouting, including grouting material, grouting technology and classification of grouting, have been discussed. Basic theories associated with permeability of grouting are analyzed and summarized in detail.
2. Through the past data and the laboratory, it confirms preliminarily that the watertight and reinforcing grout in the coal and rock mass is made up with cement, fly ash, clay, quicklime, sodium sulfate, water, etc. The proportioning has a general best range through the orthogonal test, however, when applying it in the specified projection, the grout should be according to the practical case at spot as well as the practical experiment, so as to ensure the best formulation. The property of grout test has manifested that the grout has excellent conditions, the stone body of the grout has showed good effect and permanence, and the property of the grout relates to the content of the components of it. The broken coal solidifying experiment shows that the strength of the solidity is improved effectively after solidification.
3. The paper analyses the reaction mechanism of the grout. Grouting how to water shut-off and reinforce the rock mass has been discussed, the affecting factors of the grouting effect has been concluded and summarized.
4. Through case studies, the applied research of projection has manifested that the combined method of small flowing, low voltage, batch-type, full-face curtain permention pre-grouting and reinforceing grouting in short holes in coal and rock mass to control water inrush problems is effective. The grouting result is well.
引文
[1]芮素生,成玉琪,叶显彬.中国煤炭开发利用现状与发展洁净煤技术,煤炭学报,1994,19(4):334～335.
[2]王连国,宋扬.矿井突水危险性评价模型,工程地质学报,2001(9):158～162.
[3]梅萱芝.中国煤炭工业的现状,中国对外贸易,1996(10):23～25.
[4]《岩土注浆理论与工程实例》协作组.岩土注浆理论与工程实例.北京:科学出版社,2001.
[5]张景秀.坝基防渗与注浆技术.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.
[6]何修仁.注浆加固与堵水.沈阳:东北土学院出版社,1990.
[7]彭振斌.注浆工程设计计算与施工.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997.
[8]马国彦,常振华.岩体注浆排水锚固理论与实践.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[9]马国彦,林秀山.水利水电工程注浆与地下水排水.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.
[10]程良奎,张作媚,杨志银.岩土加固实用技术.北京:地震出版社,1994.
[11]吴理云.注浆理论基础.沈阳:东北工学院出版社,1981.
[12] E. Nonveiller,顾柏林译.灌浆的理论与实践.沈阳:东北工学院出版社,1991.
[13]杜嘉鸿.化学灌浆在岩土加固和防渗堵漏工程中的应用及其发展趋向.199年全国灌浆技术学术讨论会论文集,1991.
[14]宁宇.煤岩体化学加固作用的力学原理分析,煤炭科学技术,1996,24(5):37～38.
[15]刘嘉材.裂缝灌浆扩散半径研究.中国水利水电科学院科学研究论文集(第8期).北京:水利出版社,1982:186～195.
[16]王元光.灌浆材料的发展现状与展望.新型材料,2007:10～13.
[17]程鉴基.灌浆技术在软土地基处理中的综合应用.岩土工程学报,1994,16(5):89～93.
[18]郑玉辉.裂隙岩体注浆浆液与注浆控制方法的研究.吉林大学博士学位论文,2005.
[19]任卓群.劈裂灌浆技术用于均质土坝病害整治.四川水利,1992,13(4):40～42.
[20]冯志强,康红普,杨景贺.裂隙岩体注浆技术探讨,煤炭科学技术,2005,33(4):63～66.
[21]柳载舟,呈崇博.龙羊峡水电站不良地基的化学灌浆.1984～1988年中国水力发电年鉴,学术书刊出版社,1990.
[22]王星华.粘土固化浆液在广州地铁杨体区间含水沙层注浆堵水固沙开挖应用研究.成都:西南交通大学科研研究报告,1997.
[23]刘斌.地下工程特殊施工.北京:冶金工业出版社,1994.
[24]孙钊.大坝岩石基础灌浆施工.北京:水利电力出版社,1987.
[25]韩安民,唐介岳,张玉敏等.复杂条件下3.6m煤层轻放开采.江苏煤炭,2001(4):26～27.
[26]郑长成.岩体裂隙内稳定水泥浆液扩散范围的理论分析.水利与建筑工程学报,2006:4(6):1～5.
[27]张有天.岩石水力学与工程.徐州:中国水利水电出版社,2005.
[28]陈永贵.粘土固化注浆帷幕对渗滤液的阻渗机理与环境效应.中南大学博士学位论文,2004
[29]宋彦波,刘洪涛,李英明.有机高水注浆堵水材料堵水机理分析.煤炭科学技术,2004,32(11):19～22.
[30]钱觉时.粉煤灰特性与粉煤灰混凝土.北京:科学出版社.2002.
[31]方开泰,王元.均匀设计与均匀设计表.北京:科学技术出版社.1994.
[32] K.E. Hassan and J.G. Cabrera.The use of classified fly ash to produce high performance concrete.In: Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag & Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, Proceeding sixth CANMET/ACI International Conference, May 31-June 5, 1998,Bangkok, Thailand, 21～36.
[33]赵铁军.混凝土地渗透性.北京:科学出版社,2006.
[34]田胜元,萧日嵘.实验设计与数据处理.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[35] Houlsby A.C..Construction and design of cement grouting-A guide to grouting in rock formation.John Wiley& Sons,Inc.,NY,1990.
[36] E. Nonveiller.Grouting Theory and Practice.New York USA,Elsevier Science Publishers B.V,1989,l～7.
[37] Yonekura R..Recent chemical grouting engineering for underground construction.Proc. Of the International Symposium on Anchoring and Grouting Techniques.Dec. ,Guangzhou,1994,97～113.
[38] N. Matsumoto.Development of Grouting Material for Cement Powder Grouting.Proceedings of IS-TOKYO 96/the Second International Conference on Ground Improvement Geosystems,1996:59～64.
[39] Hakansson.Rheological properties of microfine cement grouts.Tunnelling and Undergrounding space Technology,1992,7(4):59～64.
[40] Richard Campbell, R.J. Mould. Impacts of gloving and un-mixed resin in fully encapsulated roof bolts on geotechnical design assumptions and strata control in coal mines. Internatial Journal of Coal Geology, 2005,64(1):116～117.
[41]张淑同.破碎煤岩体注浆加固与堵水研究.山东科技大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[42]冯志强.破碎煤岩体化学注浆加固材料研制及渗透扩散特性研究.煤科总院北京开采所博士学位论文.2007
[43] Hassler. Computer-simulate flow of grout in jointed rock. Tunnelling and Undergrounding Space Technology,1992.
[44]杨米加.随机裂隙岩体注浆渗流机理及其加固后稳定性分析.中国矿业大学博士学位论文,1999.
[45]郝哲,王介强.岩体渗透注浆的理论研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(4):492～496.
[46]罗平平.裂隙岩体可灌性及灌浆数值模拟研究.河海大学博士学位论文,2005.
[47]宋雪飞.正交试验设计方法在粘土水泥浆配方试验中的应用.建井技术,2005,26(5):27～32.
[48]杨秀竹.正交法在注浆材料优化设计中的应用.探矿工程,2004(3):7～9.
[49]张金才,刘天泉,张玉卓.裂隙岩体渗透特征的研究.煤炭学报,1997(10):32～34.
[51]牛建鹏,郎志俊.综放工作面极破碎煤岩体化学注浆加固技术.煤炭工程, 2008(9):37～38.
[52]黄德发,王宗敏等.地层注浆堵水与加固施工技术.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
[53]胡继承.裂隙岩体中的现场注浆试验研究.中南大学博士学位论文,2005.
[54]姚建明,夏斐.神府矿区柠条塔井田(南翼)水文地质条件及开采方法研究.中国煤田地质,2007,19(1):33～36.
[2]王连国,宋扬.矿井突水危险性评价模型,工程地质学报,2001(9):158～162.
[3]梅萱芝.中国煤炭工业的现状,中国对外贸易,1996(10):23～25.
[4]《岩土注浆理论与工程实例》协作组.岩土注浆理论与工程实例.北京:科学出版社,2001.
[5]张景秀.坝基防渗与注浆技术.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.
[6]何修仁.注浆加固与堵水.沈阳:东北土学院出版社,1990.
[7]彭振斌.注浆工程设计计算与施工.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997.
[8]马国彦,常振华.岩体注浆排水锚固理论与实践.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[9]马国彦,林秀山.水利水电工程注浆与地下水排水.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.
[10]程良奎,张作媚,杨志银.岩土加固实用技术.北京:地震出版社,1994.
[11]吴理云.注浆理论基础.沈阳:东北工学院出版社,1981.
[12] E. Nonveiller,顾柏林译.灌浆的理论与实践.沈阳:东北工学院出版社,1991.
[13]杜嘉鸿.化学灌浆在岩土加固和防渗堵漏工程中的应用及其发展趋向.199年全国灌浆技术学术讨论会论文集,1991.
[14]宁宇.煤岩体化学加固作用的力学原理分析,煤炭科学技术,1996,24(5):37～38.
[15]刘嘉材.裂缝灌浆扩散半径研究.中国水利水电科学院科学研究论文集(第8期).北京:水利出版社,1982:186～195.
[16]王元光.灌浆材料的发展现状与展望.新型材料,2007:10～13.
[17]程鉴基.灌浆技术在软土地基处理中的综合应用.岩土工程学报,1994,16(5):89～93.
[18]郑玉辉.裂隙岩体注浆浆液与注浆控制方法的研究.吉林大学博士学位论文,2005.
[19]任卓群.劈裂灌浆技术用于均质土坝病害整治.四川水利,1992,13(4):40～42.
[20]冯志强,康红普,杨景贺.裂隙岩体注浆技术探讨,煤炭科学技术,2005,33(4):63～66.
[21]柳载舟,呈崇博.龙羊峡水电站不良地基的化学灌浆.1984～1988年中国水力发电年鉴,学术书刊出版社,1990.
[22]王星华.粘土固化浆液在广州地铁杨体区间含水沙层注浆堵水固沙开挖应用研究.成都:西南交通大学科研研究报告,1997.
[23]刘斌.地下工程特殊施工.北京:冶金工业出版社,1994.
[24]孙钊.大坝岩石基础灌浆施工.北京:水利电力出版社,1987.
[25]韩安民,唐介岳,张玉敏等.复杂条件下3.6m煤层轻放开采.江苏煤炭,2001(4):26～27.
[26]郑长成.岩体裂隙内稳定水泥浆液扩散范围的理论分析.水利与建筑工程学报,2006:4(6):1～5.
[27]张有天.岩石水力学与工程.徐州:中国水利水电出版社,2005.
[28]陈永贵.粘土固化注浆帷幕对渗滤液的阻渗机理与环境效应.中南大学博士学位论文,2004
[29]宋彦波,刘洪涛,李英明.有机高水注浆堵水材料堵水机理分析.煤炭科学技术,2004,32(11):19～22.
[30]钱觉时.粉煤灰特性与粉煤灰混凝土.北京:科学出版社.2002.
[31]方开泰,王元.均匀设计与均匀设计表.北京:科学技术出版社.1994.
[32] K.E. Hassan and J.G. Cabrera.The use of classified fly ash to produce high performance concrete.In: Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag & Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, Proceeding sixth CANMET/ACI International Conference, May 31-June 5, 1998,Bangkok, Thailand, 21～36.
[33]赵铁军.混凝土地渗透性.北京:科学出版社,2006.
[34]田胜元,萧日嵘.实验设计与数据处理.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[35] Houlsby A.C..Construction and design of cement grouting-A guide to grouting in rock formation.John Wiley& Sons,Inc.,NY,1990.
[36] E. Nonveiller.Grouting Theory and Practice.New York USA,Elsevier Science Publishers B.V,1989,l～7.
[37] Yonekura R..Recent chemical grouting engineering for underground construction.Proc. Of the International Symposium on Anchoring and Grouting Techniques.Dec. ,Guangzhou,1994,97～113.
[38] N. Matsumoto.Development of Grouting Material for Cement Powder Grouting.Proceedings of IS-TOKYO 96/the Second International Conference on Ground Improvement Geosystems,1996:59～64.
[39] Hakansson.Rheological properties of microfine cement grouts.Tunnelling and Undergrounding space Technology,1992,7(4):59～64.
[40] Richard Campbell, R.J. Mould. Impacts of gloving and un-mixed resin in fully encapsulated roof bolts on geotechnical design assumptions and strata control in coal mines. Internatial Journal of Coal Geology, 2005,64(1):116～117.
[41]张淑同.破碎煤岩体注浆加固与堵水研究.山东科技大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[42]冯志强.破碎煤岩体化学注浆加固材料研制及渗透扩散特性研究.煤科总院北京开采所博士学位论文.2007
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