温州中小企业安全生产管制研究
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摘要
世界经济发展的实践表明,中小企业的大量存在是一个不分国家、地区和经济发展水平而普遍存在的现象,解决中小企业大量存在而引发的安全生产问题也是一个长期的过程。中小企业在我国国民经济和社会发展中占有十分重要的地位。关于如何提高中小企业安全生产管制有效性的研究也逐渐成为政府和学术界关注的焦点之一。基于此,本文试图结合温州中小企业安全生产管制实践来探讨这一问题。
论文首先分析了政府安全生产管制的理论基础。研究发现,中小企业安全生产管制从某种程度上讲是管制机构的公共行政过程,这种管制体系主要由管制主体、管制目标、管制对象、管制方式、管制监控等组成的一个有机整体。政府实施安全生产管制是为了纠正市场失灵,增进社会整体福利,也是政府向社会提供的公共物品。政府加大中小企业安全生产管制力度是政治、经济、社会各方面力量共同作用的结果,劳动力市场存在的信息不完全是政府实施安全生产管制的重要依据,但并不是充分必要条件。只有政府的管制收益大于管制成本时,政府的管制才是有效的。
其次,论文对温州中小企业安全生产管制实践进行了详细地研究。研究表明,进入新世纪以来,温州中小企业安全生产管制体系不断完善,管制效果初步显现。但温州中小企业安全生产管制不足与管制过度同时存在,这也是政府管制失灵的体现。
第三,论文结合生命价值评估,运用成本收益分析方法对温州中小企业安全生产管制绩效进行评价,并从管制主体、管制方式、管制监控等方面剖析了温州中小企业安全生产管制体系存在的主要问题。研究指出,温州中小企业安全生产管制存在的主要问题是管制主体结构的缺陷、管制内容和方式的局限性、管制监控的缺位等。
第四,为更好地推动温州中小企业安全生产管制,论文对英国、美国、日本等国家的中小企业职业安全与健康管制实践进行分析,总结这些国家中小企业职业安全与健康管制的经验与启示。研究表明,英、美、日中小企业职业安全与健康管制的经验主要包括：法规标准体系完备,有独立、专业的管制机构,社会中介组织发达并发挥积极作用,绩效评价制度合理,以及管制方式不断创新。
第五,基于以上研究,论文针对温州实际,提出温州中小企业安全生产管制改革的目标为：安全生产与经济社会协调发展,市场机制的作用得到充分发挥,政府管制责任体系得到有效建立,管制效益显著提高,科技兴安工作全面推进,社会舆论监督得到切实加强。温州中小企业安全生产管制改革的主要对策是：完善管制主体结构,改进管制内容方式,规范管制监控。
Economic development practice of the world shows it's a common phenomenon that there are a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) regardless of the country, region and level of economic development. To solve the work safety problem is also a long process which caused by the presence of a large number of SMEs. SMEs play an important role in national economic and social development in China. It's becoming one of the focuses of government and academia on how to improve the effectiveness of work safety regulation of SMEs. Based on this, this paper attempts to discuss this issue combining with work safety regulation practices of SMEs in Wenzhou.
Firstly, this paper analyzed the theory of government work safety regulation. It found that implementation of work safety regulation of SMEs by the government is actually the administrative procedure by the regulatory agency, and the regulatory system mainly consists of regulatory objectives, regulatory objects, regulatory methods, regulatory monitoring. The purpose of work safety regulation is to correct market failures, promote overall social welfare, provide public goods to the society. The government enhanced work safety regulation of SMEs is impacted by many factors such as economic factors, political factors, and social factors. One of the most important reasons for regulation is the incomplete information in labor market, but it is not the necessary and sufficient condition. The work safety regulation is effective none but income of regulation is more than cost of regulation.
Secondly, the practice of work safety regulation of SMEs in Wenzhou was studied in detail in this paper. The result shows that work safety regulation system of SMEs in Wenzhou is constantly improved since the new century, and the effect of regulation is gradual appeared. However, insufficient regulation and excessive regulation of work safety of SMEs simultaneously exist in Wenzhou, and this is a manifestation of government regulation failure.
Thirdly, the paper used cost-benefit analysis method to evaluate performance of work safety regulation of SMEs in Wenzhou based on assessment of life value. The main problems of work safety regulation of SMEs in Wenzhou were analyzed from regulatory body, regulatory methods, and regulatory monitoring. The research indicates that the main problem of work safety regulation of SMEs in Wenzhou is defects of regulatory body structure; limitations of regulatory content and manner; the absence of regulatory monitoring, etc.
Fourthly, in order to better promote the work safety regulation of SMEs in Wenzhou, this paper analyzed practice of occupational safety and health regulation of SMEs in the United Kingdom, the United States and Japan, and summed up experience and enlightenment of occupational safety and health regulation on SMEs in the UK, USA and Japan. The research shows the occupational safety and health regulation experience of SMEs in the UK, USA and Japan include:a perfect system of laws and standards, independent professional regulatory bodies, developed social intermediary organizations, a sound performance evaluation system, and innovative regulation methods.
Finally, based on the above research and actualities of Wenzhou, this paper proposed objectives of work safety regulation reform of SMEs in Wenzhou as follows:the coordinated Development of work safety and economic and social development, the role of market mechanism bringing into full play, the government regulatory responsibility system effectively established, regulatory benefits significantly increased, work safety science and technology comprehensively promoted, social supervision effectively strengthened. The countermeasures of Work Safety Regulation of SMEs in Wenzhou are: perfecting regulatory body structure, improving regulatory content and methods, standardizing regulatory monitoring.
论文首先分析了政府安全生产管制的理论基础。研究发现,中小企业安全生产管制从某种程度上讲是管制机构的公共行政过程,这种管制体系主要由管制主体、管制目标、管制对象、管制方式、管制监控等组成的一个有机整体。政府实施安全生产管制是为了纠正市场失灵,增进社会整体福利,也是政府向社会提供的公共物品。政府加大中小企业安全生产管制力度是政治、经济、社会各方面力量共同作用的结果,劳动力市场存在的信息不完全是政府实施安全生产管制的重要依据,但并不是充分必要条件。只有政府的管制收益大于管制成本时,政府的管制才是有效的。
其次,论文对温州中小企业安全生产管制实践进行了详细地研究。研究表明,进入新世纪以来,温州中小企业安全生产管制体系不断完善,管制效果初步显现。但温州中小企业安全生产管制不足与管制过度同时存在,这也是政府管制失灵的体现。
第三,论文结合生命价值评估,运用成本收益分析方法对温州中小企业安全生产管制绩效进行评价,并从管制主体、管制方式、管制监控等方面剖析了温州中小企业安全生产管制体系存在的主要问题。研究指出,温州中小企业安全生产管制存在的主要问题是管制主体结构的缺陷、管制内容和方式的局限性、管制监控的缺位等。
第四,为更好地推动温州中小企业安全生产管制,论文对英国、美国、日本等国家的中小企业职业安全与健康管制实践进行分析,总结这些国家中小企业职业安全与健康管制的经验与启示。研究表明,英、美、日中小企业职业安全与健康管制的经验主要包括：法规标准体系完备,有独立、专业的管制机构,社会中介组织发达并发挥积极作用,绩效评价制度合理,以及管制方式不断创新。
第五,基于以上研究,论文针对温州实际,提出温州中小企业安全生产管制改革的目标为：安全生产与经济社会协调发展,市场机制的作用得到充分发挥,政府管制责任体系得到有效建立,管制效益显著提高,科技兴安工作全面推进,社会舆论监督得到切实加强。温州中小企业安全生产管制改革的主要对策是：完善管制主体结构,改进管制内容方式,规范管制监控。
Economic development practice of the world shows it's a common phenomenon that there are a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) regardless of the country, region and level of economic development. To solve the work safety problem is also a long process which caused by the presence of a large number of SMEs. SMEs play an important role in national economic and social development in China. It's becoming one of the focuses of government and academia on how to improve the effectiveness of work safety regulation of SMEs. Based on this, this paper attempts to discuss this issue combining with work safety regulation practices of SMEs in Wenzhou.
Firstly, this paper analyzed the theory of government work safety regulation. It found that implementation of work safety regulation of SMEs by the government is actually the administrative procedure by the regulatory agency, and the regulatory system mainly consists of regulatory objectives, regulatory objects, regulatory methods, regulatory monitoring. The purpose of work safety regulation is to correct market failures, promote overall social welfare, provide public goods to the society. The government enhanced work safety regulation of SMEs is impacted by many factors such as economic factors, political factors, and social factors. One of the most important reasons for regulation is the incomplete information in labor market, but it is not the necessary and sufficient condition. The work safety regulation is effective none but income of regulation is more than cost of regulation.
Secondly, the practice of work safety regulation of SMEs in Wenzhou was studied in detail in this paper. The result shows that work safety regulation system of SMEs in Wenzhou is constantly improved since the new century, and the effect of regulation is gradual appeared. However, insufficient regulation and excessive regulation of work safety of SMEs simultaneously exist in Wenzhou, and this is a manifestation of government regulation failure.
Thirdly, the paper used cost-benefit analysis method to evaluate performance of work safety regulation of SMEs in Wenzhou based on assessment of life value. The main problems of work safety regulation of SMEs in Wenzhou were analyzed from regulatory body, regulatory methods, and regulatory monitoring. The research indicates that the main problem of work safety regulation of SMEs in Wenzhou is defects of regulatory body structure; limitations of regulatory content and manner; the absence of regulatory monitoring, etc.
Fourthly, in order to better promote the work safety regulation of SMEs in Wenzhou, this paper analyzed practice of occupational safety and health regulation of SMEs in the United Kingdom, the United States and Japan, and summed up experience and enlightenment of occupational safety and health regulation on SMEs in the UK, USA and Japan. The research shows the occupational safety and health regulation experience of SMEs in the UK, USA and Japan include:a perfect system of laws and standards, independent professional regulatory bodies, developed social intermediary organizations, a sound performance evaluation system, and innovative regulation methods.
Finally, based on the above research and actualities of Wenzhou, this paper proposed objectives of work safety regulation reform of SMEs in Wenzhou as follows:the coordinated Development of work safety and economic and social development, the role of market mechanism bringing into full play, the government regulatory responsibility system effectively established, regulatory benefits significantly increased, work safety science and technology comprehensively promoted, social supervision effectively strengthened. The countermeasures of Work Safety Regulation of SMEs in Wenzhou are: perfecting regulatory body structure, improving regulatory content and methods, standardizing regulatory monitoring.
引文
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