CO_2跨临界循环滚动活塞膨胀机和涡旋压缩机的研究
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摘要
臭氧层破坏和温室效应的加剧,使得自然工质CO2的应用研究重新成为国际上的研究热点,开发高效的CO2跨临界循环设备,提高CO2跨临界循环系统的运行效率,是促进该技术走向实用化的关键。本文通过理论分析、计算机模拟和实验相结合,重点对CO2滚动活塞膨胀机和涡旋压缩机进行了研究。
本文对CO2滚动活塞膨胀机的主要运动部件进行了动力学分析,依据质量守恒和能量守恒定律,以吸气腔和排气腔作为控制容积,建立了较为系统和完善的滚动活塞膨胀机工作过程热力学模型,包括摩擦损失、泄漏损失、流动损失和膨胀机效率方程。采用EULER数值方法对方程离散求解,得出在不同转角时膨胀机各个泄漏通道的泄漏量和工作腔内相应的热力参数变化规律,为膨胀机的性能改进和优化设计提供理论依据。
利用弹性力学理论和有限元方法,对CO2滚动活塞膨胀机运动部件在压差最大工况时的变形进行了有限元分析,计算了滑板、滚动活塞和偏心轴的压差变形,为膨胀机的设计和理论分析提供了依据。
在带膨胀机的CO2跨临界循环水-水热泵系统及其数据采集系统的基础上,建立了膨胀机示功图测试系统,实现了较精确的膨胀机内部压力测量。通过对系统主要运行参数的调节,对膨胀机在不同转速下的运行特性和示功图进行了测试和分析,验证了膨胀机内部可能产生的三种膨胀过程并给以合理解释,指出膨胀机在实际运行工况下的膨胀比是产生三种膨胀过程的内在原因。对带膨胀机的CO2跨临界循环系统特性进行了分析,当膨胀机在设计转速附近运行时,膨胀机的效率、回收功和系统COP最佳。
参照国标的相关规定并结合CO2跨临界循环的特点,设计了CO2涡旋压缩机,其涡圈始端型线进行了对称圆弧修正,计算了动涡盘的切向气体力、径向气体力和轴向气体力,并对十字滑环、动涡盘和主轴进行了详细的动力学计算和分析。考虑泄漏、摩擦、流动和传热等不可逆因素,建立了CO2涡旋压缩机工作过程的数学模型并对该模型进行了求解和分析,计算和分析结果可用于指导CO2涡旋压缩机的优化设计,为今后进一步研究涡旋压缩机打下基础。
For the deterioration of ozone depletion and greenhouse effect, research on the application of natural working fluid CO2 has been became hotspot all over the world. Developing high efficiency equipments and improving the cycle performance become the key problem to promote the CO2 transcritical cycle into practice. In the dissertation, the investigation has been done with focus on CO2 rolling piston expander and scroll compressor by combining with theoretical analysis, computer simulation and experimental research.
Dynamic analysis on the main moving parts of CO2 rolling piston expander is given in this dissertation. According to the mass and energy conservation principles, reasonable thermodynamics model for the rolling piston expander working process is established with suction chamber and exhaust chamber as control volume, which includes equations of friction loss, leakage loss, flow loss and expander’s efficiency. With the help of EULER numerical method, the equations are solved discretely, which brings out the leakage rates through all leaking passages at different rotational angles and the rules of the thermodynamics parameters inside chambers, which can provide theoretical basis for the performance improvement and optimal design of the expander.
Application of elastic mechanics theory and finite element method, finite element analysis on distortion of moving parts in the CO2 rolling piston expander under the condition of the largest pressure difference is carried out. The distortion values for the sliding vane, rolling piston and eccentric shaft under pressure difference are gained, which can provide references for the design and theoretical analysis of expander.
Based on the CO2 transcritical cycle water-water heat pump system with expander and the data acquisition system, the P-V diagram test system for the expander has been set up and attained more accurate inside pressure of the expander. By adjusting the main working parameters of the system, the operating characteristic and P-V diagram of the expander are obtained and analyzed at different rotational speed. And the three kinds of probable expansion processes inside the expander are verified. At the same time, the reasonable explanation is presented that the expansion ratio at the practical operating condition is the intrinsic reason to result in the three kinds of expansion process inside of the expander. It is shown from the system performance analysis of CO2 transcritical cycle with expander that the efficiency, recovery work and coefficient of performance of the system are optimal when the expander is running near the designed rotational speed.
According to related Chinese Standard and the characteristics of CO2 transcritical cycle, CO2 scroll compressor is designed and the top wrap is modified by prefect meshing profile. The tangential, radial and axial gas forces at any rotational angle of orbiting scroll are calculated and the detailed dynamic calculation and analysis for the Oldham-coupling ring, orbiting scroll and crankshaft are also presented. Considering the inreversible factors of leakage, friction, flow and heat transfer, the mathematical model for the working process of the compressor is established. The solution and analysis results for the model can instruct optimal design and provide for the future research work of CO2 scroll compressor.
本文对CO2滚动活塞膨胀机的主要运动部件进行了动力学分析,依据质量守恒和能量守恒定律,以吸气腔和排气腔作为控制容积,建立了较为系统和完善的滚动活塞膨胀机工作过程热力学模型,包括摩擦损失、泄漏损失、流动损失和膨胀机效率方程。采用EULER数值方法对方程离散求解,得出在不同转角时膨胀机各个泄漏通道的泄漏量和工作腔内相应的热力参数变化规律,为膨胀机的性能改进和优化设计提供理论依据。
利用弹性力学理论和有限元方法,对CO2滚动活塞膨胀机运动部件在压差最大工况时的变形进行了有限元分析,计算了滑板、滚动活塞和偏心轴的压差变形,为膨胀机的设计和理论分析提供了依据。
在带膨胀机的CO2跨临界循环水-水热泵系统及其数据采集系统的基础上,建立了膨胀机示功图测试系统,实现了较精确的膨胀机内部压力测量。通过对系统主要运行参数的调节,对膨胀机在不同转速下的运行特性和示功图进行了测试和分析,验证了膨胀机内部可能产生的三种膨胀过程并给以合理解释,指出膨胀机在实际运行工况下的膨胀比是产生三种膨胀过程的内在原因。对带膨胀机的CO2跨临界循环系统特性进行了分析,当膨胀机在设计转速附近运行时,膨胀机的效率、回收功和系统COP最佳。
参照国标的相关规定并结合CO2跨临界循环的特点,设计了CO2涡旋压缩机,其涡圈始端型线进行了对称圆弧修正,计算了动涡盘的切向气体力、径向气体力和轴向气体力,并对十字滑环、动涡盘和主轴进行了详细的动力学计算和分析。考虑泄漏、摩擦、流动和传热等不可逆因素,建立了CO2涡旋压缩机工作过程的数学模型并对该模型进行了求解和分析,计算和分析结果可用于指导CO2涡旋压缩机的优化设计,为今后进一步研究涡旋压缩机打下基础。
For the deterioration of ozone depletion and greenhouse effect, research on the application of natural working fluid CO2 has been became hotspot all over the world. Developing high efficiency equipments and improving the cycle performance become the key problem to promote the CO2 transcritical cycle into practice. In the dissertation, the investigation has been done with focus on CO2 rolling piston expander and scroll compressor by combining with theoretical analysis, computer simulation and experimental research.
Dynamic analysis on the main moving parts of CO2 rolling piston expander is given in this dissertation. According to the mass and energy conservation principles, reasonable thermodynamics model for the rolling piston expander working process is established with suction chamber and exhaust chamber as control volume, which includes equations of friction loss, leakage loss, flow loss and expander’s efficiency. With the help of EULER numerical method, the equations are solved discretely, which brings out the leakage rates through all leaking passages at different rotational angles and the rules of the thermodynamics parameters inside chambers, which can provide theoretical basis for the performance improvement and optimal design of the expander.
Application of elastic mechanics theory and finite element method, finite element analysis on distortion of moving parts in the CO2 rolling piston expander under the condition of the largest pressure difference is carried out. The distortion values for the sliding vane, rolling piston and eccentric shaft under pressure difference are gained, which can provide references for the design and theoretical analysis of expander.
Based on the CO2 transcritical cycle water-water heat pump system with expander and the data acquisition system, the P-V diagram test system for the expander has been set up and attained more accurate inside pressure of the expander. By adjusting the main working parameters of the system, the operating characteristic and P-V diagram of the expander are obtained and analyzed at different rotational speed. And the three kinds of probable expansion processes inside the expander are verified. At the same time, the reasonable explanation is presented that the expansion ratio at the practical operating condition is the intrinsic reason to result in the three kinds of expansion process inside of the expander. It is shown from the system performance analysis of CO2 transcritical cycle with expander that the efficiency, recovery work and coefficient of performance of the system are optimal when the expander is running near the designed rotational speed.
According to related Chinese Standard and the characteristics of CO2 transcritical cycle, CO2 scroll compressor is designed and the top wrap is modified by prefect meshing profile. The tangential, radial and axial gas forces at any rotational angle of orbiting scroll are calculated and the detailed dynamic calculation and analysis for the Oldham-coupling ring, orbiting scroll and crankshaft are also presented. Considering the inreversible factors of leakage, friction, flow and heat transfer, the mathematical model for the working process of the compressor is established. The solution and analysis results for the model can instruct optimal design and provide for the future research work of CO2 scroll compressor.
引文
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