复合潜流人工湿地与生物接触氧化组合工艺处理生活污水的试验研究
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摘要
针对传统潜流人工湿地污水处理工艺负荷率较低,处理效果受温度影响较大的问题,对传统潜流人工湿地结构进行了改进,并与生物接触氧化工艺相组合,用于常温较高浓度污水和低温低浓度污水的处理。试验优化了改进型潜流人工湿地的水力参数,分析了水平及垂直潜流湿地污染物去除规律及特点,对水平潜流湿地不同深度基质内污染物分布规律和自然复氧槽复氧效果进行研究,在此基础上构建了复合潜流湿地;对复合潜流湿地在常温和低温不同水力条件下的污染物去除效果进行研究,结合试验结果探讨了复合潜流湿地的反应动力学和水力学特征,计算了反应动力学参数;根据生物接触氧化和复合潜流湿地的特点,提出了生物接触氧化和复合潜流湿地不同组合次序的污水处理适用条件,并进行了生产性试验研究。
复合潜流湿地试验表明,适宜水力停留时间不宜超过96h,否则会出现污染物去除率下降,导致占地面积过大;与水平或潜流湿地相比,复合潜流湿地可有效提高湿地水力负荷率,常温季节可提高约35%,低温季节可提高约25%;提高容积负荷率可有效提高污染物去除速率,当COD、TP、TN及NH3-N的容积负荷率分别在(5~70)g·m-3·d-1、(0.05~0.65)g·m-3·d-1、(0.5~7.5)g·m-3·d-1及(0.25~4.5)g·m-3·d-1范围内时,去除速率与容积负荷率表现出较为明显的线性关系;出水回流对提高污染物去除率效果明显,对SS和TP影响相对较小,SS和TP在R=0.5去除率达到最高值,对COD,NH3-N及TN去除率影响相对较大,在R=1时达到最高去除率,若回流比继续增大,则去除率开始下降;复合湿地污染物去除特征及离散模型Pez值的计算表明,水流流态接近推流态,返混作用与传统湿地相比较弱。
以复合潜流湿地为基础的生物接触氧化前置和后置的组合工艺试验表明,前置工艺适用于进水污染物浓度较高,后置工艺适用于进水污染物浓度不高,但水温较低的情况。两种工艺可分别解决氮浓度较高和低温时湿地效率低下的问题,使出水水质达到GB18918-2002一级B排放标准。回流比和气水比是影响组合工艺污染物去除率的重要水力条件,其中回流比对生物接触氧化后置工艺的影响更为显著,推荐回流比R=1.0;气水比对NH3-N去除效果影响较显著,但气水比较大时能耗较高,推荐气水比为4:1;生物接触氧化前置工艺COD去除率较高,不能充分利用湿地功能,造成能耗较高;后置工艺则可以充分发挥湿地功能,仅在低温季节对NH3-N和TN强化去除,降低能耗。
生产性试验结果表明:在平均水温8.6℃,进水COD:(128~203)mg·L-1,NH3-N:(4.83~23.88 )mg·L-1,TP:(1.08~7.29) mg·L-1,SS:(89~106 )mg·L-1条件下,生物接触氧化后置组合工艺在水力停留时间为72h,水力负荷150cm·d-1,启动生物接触氧化回流比100%,启动化学除磷,聚合氯化铝投加量10mg·L-1,出水水质指标均可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A标准。
As for traditional subsurface flow constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment load is low, and the treatment effect influenced by the temperature, biological contact oxidation process and improvement of subsurface flow wetland combined process were adopted to treat with high concentration waste water in normal temperature and low concentration waste water in low temperature. Optimized to improve the constructed wetland hydraulic parameters, reported the characteristics and law of horizontal and vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands to remove pollutants. In addition, researched the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland substrate at different depths within the distribution of pollutants and the reoxygenation effect of natural reoxygenation tank. Based on the construction of complex subsurface flow constructed wetlands, composite subsurface flow constructed wetlands with different water at room temperature and low temperature removal of pollutants were researched. Combined with the experiment results, reaction kinetics and hydraulic characteristics of complex subsurface flow wetland were discussed, and the kinetic parameters were calculated. According to the characteristics of biological oxidation and complex subsurface flow wetland, the wastewater treatment conditions for biological oxidation and complex sequence of different combinations of subsurface flow constructed wetlands was proposed and verified in the process of pilot test.
Test of complex subsurface flow wetland showed that the optimal hydraulic retention time should not more than 96h, or the removal of pollutants will fall; complex subsurface flow constructed wetlands can effectively improve hydraulic loading rate of the wetlands. Normal temperature season could be increased 35%; low temperature season could be increased by 25%; increasing the volumetric loading rate can improve pollutant removal rate, when the COD, TP, TN and NH3-N volumetric loading rate are at the range of (5 ~ 70) g ? m-3 ? d-1, (0.05 ~ 0.65) g ? m-3 ? d-1, (0.5 ~ 7.5) g ? m-3 ? d-1 and (0.25 ~ 4.5) g ? m-3 ? d-1 respectively, the removal rate and the VLR show obvious took on linear relationship; Reflux has a obvious effect to improve pollutant removal efficiency of pollutants, but has a small impact of SS and TP. When R = 0.5, the removal efficiency of SS and TP could get the peak, the removal rate of COD, NH3-N and TN were relatively higher, which could get the peak when R = 1.0 If the corresponding reflux ratio continues to increase, then the removal rate started to decline; complex pollutant removal characteristics of the complex wetland showed that subsurface flow constructed wetland flow pattern close to plug-flow state.
The test of bio-contact oxidation pre and post group technology which based on complex subsurface flow wetland showed, the pre-process can be used in the condition of high concentration of pollutants in the influent and effluent TN and NH3-N couldn’t meet the criteria. The post-process is suitable for the condition of pollutant concentration is not high, but low temperature, the effluent TN and NH3-N could not meet the criteria. The two processes can solve the low efficiency problem when the nitrogen concentration was higher and wetlands at low temperature. In normal temperature and low temperature season, effluent data can meet the "Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Pollutant Emission Standards" (GB18918-2002) the 1st B emission standards; reflux ratio and the gas water ratio are the important hydraulic conditions which affect the post-process of bio-contact oxidation, the reflux ratio on the impact of the removal of pollutants was even more significant, recommended reflux ratio is R = 1.0; the gas water ratio on the removal of NH3-N has a significant effect, but with high energy consumption, recommended gas water ratio was 4:1; biological contact oxidation on the front have a higher COD removal rate, but cannot achieve full use of wetland function, resulting in high energy consumption; while biological contact oxidation post-process can achieve full use of the wetland function, only in low season on the NH3-N and TN removal were enhanced, low energy consumption.
Productive experiments indicated that on the condition that the average temperature is 8.6℃, flooding water COD :(128-203) mg·L-1,NH3-N:(4.83~23.88 )mg·L-1,TP:(1.08~7.29) mg·L-1,SS:(89~106 )mg·L-1, retention time of biological contact oxidation combined process in hydraulic is 72h, hydraulic load is 150cm?d-1, reflux ratio of activating biological contact oxidation is 100%, activating chemical dephosphorization ,dosage of PAC is 10mg?L-1, effluent quality indexes can achieve the urban sewage treatment plants standards for pollutants discharge (GB18918-2002), 1st A standard.
复合潜流湿地试验表明,适宜水力停留时间不宜超过96h,否则会出现污染物去除率下降,导致占地面积过大;与水平或潜流湿地相比,复合潜流湿地可有效提高湿地水力负荷率,常温季节可提高约35%,低温季节可提高约25%;提高容积负荷率可有效提高污染物去除速率,当COD、TP、TN及NH3-N的容积负荷率分别在(5~70)g·m-3·d-1、(0.05~0.65)g·m-3·d-1、(0.5~7.5)g·m-3·d-1及(0.25~4.5)g·m-3·d-1范围内时,去除速率与容积负荷率表现出较为明显的线性关系;出水回流对提高污染物去除率效果明显,对SS和TP影响相对较小,SS和TP在R=0.5去除率达到最高值,对COD,NH3-N及TN去除率影响相对较大,在R=1时达到最高去除率,若回流比继续增大,则去除率开始下降;复合湿地污染物去除特征及离散模型Pez值的计算表明,水流流态接近推流态,返混作用与传统湿地相比较弱。
以复合潜流湿地为基础的生物接触氧化前置和后置的组合工艺试验表明,前置工艺适用于进水污染物浓度较高,后置工艺适用于进水污染物浓度不高,但水温较低的情况。两种工艺可分别解决氮浓度较高和低温时湿地效率低下的问题,使出水水质达到GB18918-2002一级B排放标准。回流比和气水比是影响组合工艺污染物去除率的重要水力条件,其中回流比对生物接触氧化后置工艺的影响更为显著,推荐回流比R=1.0;气水比对NH3-N去除效果影响较显著,但气水比较大时能耗较高,推荐气水比为4:1;生物接触氧化前置工艺COD去除率较高,不能充分利用湿地功能,造成能耗较高;后置工艺则可以充分发挥湿地功能,仅在低温季节对NH3-N和TN强化去除,降低能耗。
生产性试验结果表明:在平均水温8.6℃,进水COD:(128~203)mg·L-1,NH3-N:(4.83~23.88 )mg·L-1,TP:(1.08~7.29) mg·L-1,SS:(89~106 )mg·L-1条件下,生物接触氧化后置组合工艺在水力停留时间为72h,水力负荷150cm·d-1,启动生物接触氧化回流比100%,启动化学除磷,聚合氯化铝投加量10mg·L-1,出水水质指标均可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A标准。
As for traditional subsurface flow constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment load is low, and the treatment effect influenced by the temperature, biological contact oxidation process and improvement of subsurface flow wetland combined process were adopted to treat with high concentration waste water in normal temperature and low concentration waste water in low temperature. Optimized to improve the constructed wetland hydraulic parameters, reported the characteristics and law of horizontal and vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands to remove pollutants. In addition, researched the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland substrate at different depths within the distribution of pollutants and the reoxygenation effect of natural reoxygenation tank. Based on the construction of complex subsurface flow constructed wetlands, composite subsurface flow constructed wetlands with different water at room temperature and low temperature removal of pollutants were researched. Combined with the experiment results, reaction kinetics and hydraulic characteristics of complex subsurface flow wetland were discussed, and the kinetic parameters were calculated. According to the characteristics of biological oxidation and complex subsurface flow wetland, the wastewater treatment conditions for biological oxidation and complex sequence of different combinations of subsurface flow constructed wetlands was proposed and verified in the process of pilot test.
Test of complex subsurface flow wetland showed that the optimal hydraulic retention time should not more than 96h, or the removal of pollutants will fall; complex subsurface flow constructed wetlands can effectively improve hydraulic loading rate of the wetlands. Normal temperature season could be increased 35%; low temperature season could be increased by 25%; increasing the volumetric loading rate can improve pollutant removal rate, when the COD, TP, TN and NH3-N volumetric loading rate are at the range of (5 ~ 70) g ? m-3 ? d-1, (0.05 ~ 0.65) g ? m-3 ? d-1, (0.5 ~ 7.5) g ? m-3 ? d-1 and (0.25 ~ 4.5) g ? m-3 ? d-1 respectively, the removal rate and the VLR show obvious took on linear relationship; Reflux has a obvious effect to improve pollutant removal efficiency of pollutants, but has a small impact of SS and TP. When R = 0.5, the removal efficiency of SS and TP could get the peak, the removal rate of COD, NH3-N and TN were relatively higher, which could get the peak when R = 1.0 If the corresponding reflux ratio continues to increase, then the removal rate started to decline; complex pollutant removal characteristics of the complex wetland showed that subsurface flow constructed wetland flow pattern close to plug-flow state.
The test of bio-contact oxidation pre and post group technology which based on complex subsurface flow wetland showed, the pre-process can be used in the condition of high concentration of pollutants in the influent and effluent TN and NH3-N couldn’t meet the criteria. The post-process is suitable for the condition of pollutant concentration is not high, but low temperature, the effluent TN and NH3-N could not meet the criteria. The two processes can solve the low efficiency problem when the nitrogen concentration was higher and wetlands at low temperature. In normal temperature and low temperature season, effluent data can meet the "Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Pollutant Emission Standards" (GB18918-2002) the 1st B emission standards; reflux ratio and the gas water ratio are the important hydraulic conditions which affect the post-process of bio-contact oxidation, the reflux ratio on the impact of the removal of pollutants was even more significant, recommended reflux ratio is R = 1.0; the gas water ratio on the removal of NH3-N has a significant effect, but with high energy consumption, recommended gas water ratio was 4:1; biological contact oxidation on the front have a higher COD removal rate, but cannot achieve full use of wetland function, resulting in high energy consumption; while biological contact oxidation post-process can achieve full use of the wetland function, only in low season on the NH3-N and TN removal were enhanced, low energy consumption.
Productive experiments indicated that on the condition that the average temperature is 8.6℃, flooding water COD :(128-203) mg·L-1,NH3-N:(4.83~23.88 )mg·L-1,TP:(1.08~7.29) mg·L-1,SS:(89~106 )mg·L-1, retention time of biological contact oxidation combined process in hydraulic is 72h, hydraulic load is 150cm?d-1, reflux ratio of activating biological contact oxidation is 100%, activating chemical dephosphorization ,dosage of PAC is 10mg?L-1, effluent quality indexes can achieve the urban sewage treatment plants standards for pollutants discharge (GB18918-2002), 1st A standard.
引文
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