城市化粪池粪便污泥微生物减量技术及机理研究
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摘要
城市化的发展在今后相当长一段时间内使化粪池粪便污泥造成的环境压力日益增加。人工清掏费时费力,同时粪便污泥的填埋处置也会带来二次污染问题。因此,开展化粪池粪便污泥的原位减量研究具有重要的现实意义。本论文运用厌氧消化理论和生物强化污泥减量化技术,首先探讨了复合微生物制剂EM、HBH-Ⅱ和MCMP用于粪便污泥厌氧消化减量的可行性;其次研究了其用于粪便污泥厌氧消化减量的合适投加量,进而研究了温度和初始pH对其用于粪便污泥厌氧消化减量的影响;提出单因素减量效果最好的HBH-Ⅱ用于粪便污泥减量的最优工艺条件,并运用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术探讨了加碱预处理与HBH-Ⅱ强化相结合技术对粪便污泥厌氧消化减量的微生态作用机理;最后分析了HBH-Ⅱ用于实际化粪池粪便污泥减量的作用效果和产生的效益。本研究为原位减少化粪池粪便污泥产量和提高化粪池的安全性能提供了一定的理论依据和技术支撑。论文得到如下主要研究结果:
①研究了EM、HBH-Ⅱ和MCMP用于粪便污泥厌氧消化减量的可行性。经过21天的厌氧消化,粪便污泥总固体(TS)、挥发性固体(VS)的减量效果、COD的去除效果及厌氧消化效率的增强作用均表现为:T1(直接投加复合微生物制剂)> T2(巴氏灭菌后投加复合微生物制剂)> CK(对照),且T1与CK和T2的TS、VS和COD去除率间的差异均达到极显著水平(p<0.01)。巴氏灭菌不会破坏粪便污泥本身的结构,各处理TS、VS和COD减量效果的差异主要是由反应器中微生物的数量和种类的不同造成的。外源EM、HBH-Ⅱ和MCMP与原粪便污泥体系中的土著微生物的联合作用更有利于粪便污泥的厌氧消化减量,直接投加EM、HBH-Ⅱ和MCMP用于粪便污泥的原位减量均是切实可行的。
②研究了EM、HBH-II和MCMP投加量(0~1.00%)对粪便污泥厌氧消化减量的影响。三试验组分别以投加0.01%的EM(E2)、0.05%的HBH-I(IH3)和0.01%的MCMP(M2)对TS和VS减量效果为最好。经过20天的厌氧反应,E2、H3和M2的TS和VS的去除率分别为32.51%和42.34%、36.43%和49.11%、33.74%和46.05%。用于强化粪便污泥厌氧消化减量,EM、HBH-II和MCMP的合适投加量分别为0.01%、0.05%和0.01%。至20天反应结束,投加EM、HBH-II和MCMP三试验组各处理的累积产气量分别比对照(CK)的高60.74%~214.70%、93.91%~218.83%和50.78%~254.82%。EM、HBH-Ⅱ和MCMP在强化粪便污泥厌氧消化减量的同时,也增加了厌氧消化的产气量。在相同的投加量条件下,投加HBH-II的产气量基本低于投加EM和MCMP的,所存在的安全隐患最小。EM、HBH-II和MCMP对粪便污泥厌氧消化减量的强化主要表现在投加菌种的前8天。在实际应用中可以每周补投一次复合微生物制剂以提高粪便污泥减量效率。
③研究了初始pH对EM、HBH-II和MCMP强化粪便污泥厌氧消化减量的影响。调节初始pH为9.0~10.0,EM、HBH-II和MCMP能极显著强化粪便污泥厌氧消化对TS和VS的去除;而调节初始pH为5.0,则极显著抑制其对TS和VS的去除。三试验组的TS和VS去除率分别以E-pH10、H-pH10和M-pH9的为最大。20天厌氧消化结束,E-pH10、H-pH10和M-pH9的TS和VS去除率分别达到36.69%和47.14%、43.03%和54.67%、40.70%和51.13%。调节初始pH为9.0~10.0均有利于EM、HBH-II和MCMP强化粪便污泥的厌氧消化减量。这一结论为加碱预处理与复合微生物强化相结合的粪便污泥厌氧消化减量提供了技术支撑。E-pH9、E-pH10、H-pH9和H-pH10达到TS和VS减量效果的同时,产气量也相对较少;而M-pH9的TS和VS减量效果虽然较好,但其产气量也明显增多,在实际应用中要考虑投加MCMP带来的沼气中毒和爆炸等安全隐患的发生。
④研究了温度对EM、HBH-II和MCMP强化粪便污泥厌氧消化减量的影响。分别投加EM(0.01%)、HBH-II(0.05%)和MCMP(0.01%)的三试验组的TS和VS减量效果均表现为35℃时最好,45℃时次之,25℃时最差。在同一温度水平条件下,按对TS和VS减量的增强效果大小排序为:HBH-II>MCMP>EM。在35℃条件下,各试验组的累积产气量表现为:MCMP> EM> HBH-II。
⑤通过正交实验,以TS、VS和COD去除率为指标,得到单因素试验中减量效果最好的HBH-Ⅱ强化粪便污泥厌氧消化减量的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度35℃、初始pH 10.0、HBH-Ⅱ投加量0.075%。在此条件下反应20天,粪便污泥厌氧消化TS、VS和COD的去除率分别达到:50.26%、65.45%和58.51%。
⑥利用PCR-DGGE技术,分别对不投加(A)、直接投加0.075%的HBH-Ⅱ(B)和调节初始pH为10.0后投加0.075%的HBH-Ⅱ(C)三个粪便污泥厌氧消化反应器中反应前和反应第八天的粪便污泥样品进行研究。反应前,各反应器的微生物群落间相似性指数(Cs)均较高(0.762~0.889),各反应器粪便污泥体系中的优势菌种没有发生太大变化。反应第八天,A和C以及B和C反应器的Cs相对较低(0.727~0.750),说明加碱预处理能明显改变粪便污泥的微生物群落结构。粪便污泥样品中的21种优势菌与梭状芽孢杆菌属(Clostridium)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroidetes)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)和优杆菌属(Eubacterium)有较近的亲缘关系;其中只有4个菌种在同源性分析和系统发育树上保持在很好的一致性,其与Acinetobacter、Clostridium和Bacteroidetes同属,而其他的17个序列在系统发育树上均没有找到与其亲缘关系比较近的种。加碱预处理与HBH-II强化后,原粪便污泥和HBH-II中的专性产氢产乙酸菌Clostridium和Bacteroides在粪便污泥体系中大量繁殖进而形成优势种群,这解释了该技术强化粪便污泥厌氧消化减量且同时降低沼气产量的原因。
⑦选择HBH-II用于重庆市南坪某小区化粪池粪便污泥的原位减量。投加0.05%的HBH-II一个月后可以实现板结层厚度消减70%以上;同时原位投加HBH-II可以明显减少化粪池沼气产量。相比传统的化粪池粪便污泥清掏和填埋处理,投加HBH-II对化粪池粪便污泥的原位减量可降低成本69.44%。同时,投加HBH-II对化粪池粪便污泥的原位减量具有很好的环境效益和社会效益。
With the development of urbanization, the environmental pressure of septic tank nightsoil sludge pollution becomes increasingly pronounced. Artificial clearing will take lots of time and vigor, and also, landfill treatment of nightsoil sludge will bring secondary pollution. Therefore, the study of septic tank nightsoil sludge reduction in situ has important practical significance. In virtue of anaerobic theory and enhanced biological sludge reduction technology, the feasibility of using compound microorganisms (EM, HBH-Ⅱand MCMP) to strength nightsoil sludge anaerobic digestion reduction was investigated firstly in this paper; the proper dosage of EM,HBH-Ⅱand MCMP to aggrandize nightsoil sludge anaerobic digestion reduction was studied secondly; the effect of initial pH and temperatures on nightsoil sludge anaerobic digestion reduction aggrandized by EM,HBH-Ⅱand MCMP were discussed, the best technology condition of HBH-Ⅱto reduce nightsoil sludge was also brought forward. Moreover, the combined effect reduction mechanism of alkaline pretreatment and HBH-II bioaugmentation was discussed by using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technology. The effect and the benefit of HBH-Ⅱon the reduction of septic tank nightsoil in practical applications was discussed lastly. The results of this research can offer a certain theoretical basis and useful technical support to reduce septic tank nightsoil sludge in situ and improve the security capability of septic tank. The main results were given as follows:
①Study the feasibility of using EM, HBH-Ⅱand MCMP for septic tank nightsoil sludge anaerobic digestion reduction. After 21 days of anaerobic digestion, the removal rates of Total solid(TS), Volatile solid (VS) and COD as well as the digestion efficiencies of nightsoil sludge of the 3 experimental groups are followed by T1 (adding 0.005% compound microorganism in the original nightsoil sludge system)> T2 (adding 0.005% compound microorganism after the nightsoil sludge was sterilized by pasteurism)> CK (without compound microorganism). There are significantly positive (p<0.01) relations between T1 and CK as well as T1 and T2 in the removal rate of TS, VS and COD. The configuration of nightsoil sludge isn’t destroyed by pasteurism; the difference of TS, VS and COD reduction effect among the treatments is mostly caused by the different quantity and species of the microorganism of the treatments. The corporate effect of EM, HBH-Ⅱand MCMP and the original microorganism of the nightsoil sludge system is more propitious to reduce septic tank nightsoil sludge; it is feasible for adding EM, HBH-Ⅱand MCMP to septic tank directly to reduce nightsoil sludge production.
②Study the effect of EM, HBH-Ⅱand MCMP adding dose on anaerobic digestion reduction of nightsoil sludge. After 20 days of anaerobic digestion, the maximum removal rates of TS and VS of the 3 experimental groups appear in E2, H3 and M2 treatment under 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.01% dosing quantity of EM, HBH-II and MCMP, respectively. The removal rates of TS and VS of E2 are 32.51% and 42.34%, respectively; that of H3 are 36.43% and 49.11%, respectively; and that of M2 are 33.74% and 46.05%, respectively. In this experiment, adding 0.01% EM, 0.05% HBH-II and 0.01% MCMP have the best reduction effect of nightsoil sludge.
After 20 days of anaerobic digestion, the cumulative biogas yield of E1~E6, H1~H6 and M1~M6 are 60.74%~214.70%, 93.91%~218.83% and 50.78%~254.82% higher than that of the control (CK). EM, HBH-II and MCMP can improve the anaerobic digestion reduction efficiencies of nightsoil sludge as well as increase the gas production. The gas production of the treatments which adding HBH-II is slightly lower than that of the treatments which adding EM and MCMP correspondingly, thus the chance of biogas poisoning and blasting of the treatments adding HBH-II is least. The strengthen effect of EM, HBH-II and MCMP on anaerobic digestion reduction of nightsoil sludge displays mainly in the former 8 days. So, it is necessary to add compound micro-organisms once a week to improve the reduction effect in practical applications.
③Study the effect of initial pH on anaerobic digestion reduction of nightsoil sludge which were biologic enhanced by EM, HBH-II and MCMP. The bioaugmentation effect of EM, HBH-Ⅱa nd MCMP on the removal rate of TS and VS can be very significant improved when adjust the initial pH to 9.0~10.0, whereas the strengthen effect on the removal rate of TS and VS can be very significant suppressed when adjust the initial pH to 5.0.The maximum removal rates of TS and VS of the 3 experimental groups appear in E-pH10, H-pH10 and M-pH9, respectively. After 20 days anaerobic digestion, the removal rates of TS and VS of E-pH10、H-pH10 and M-pH9 reach to 36.69% and 47.14%, 43.03% and 54.67%, 40.70% and 51.13%, respectively. Adjusting the initial pH to 9.0~10.0 is propitious to the anaerobic digestion reduction of nightsoil sludge biologic enhanced by EM, HBH-II and MCMP. This conclusion can offer a technical support to anaerobic digestion reduction of nightsoil sludge aggrandized by bioaugmentation and alkaline pretreatment jointly.
E-pH9, E-pH10, H-pH9 and H-pH10 have the best reduction of TS, VS and COD; meanwhile the gas production of these 4 treatments is relatively less. M-pH9 has the best reduction of TS, VS and COD; while the gas production of these 2 treatments is obviously increased; so it is necessary to prevent hidden safety dangers such as biogas poisoning and blasting in the real application of using MCMP to reduce septic tank nightsoil sludge in practical application.
④Study the effect of temperature on anaerobic digestion reduction of nightsoil sludge which were biologic enhanced by EM, HBH-II and MCMP. When the temperature is 35℃, the removal rates of TS, VS and COD of the 3 experimental groups, ie. adding 0.01%EM, adding 0.05%HBH-II and adding 0.01% MCMP, is the highest , secondly at 45℃, and thirdly at 25℃. Under the same temperature, the enhancement on TS and VS reduction are followed by: HBH-II>MCMP>EM; the cumulative biogas yield of the 3 experimental groups under 35℃are followed by: MCMP> EM> HBH-II.
⑤Through orthogonally experiment, TS, VS and COD removal rates were taken as the index for investigation, the optimum conditions for anaerobic digestion nightsoil sludge reduction biologic enhanced by HBH-Ⅱare as follows: temperature is 35℃, initial pH is 10 and the dose of HBH-Ⅱis 0.075%. Under this condition, after 20 days anaerobic digestion, TS, VS and COD removal rates of nightsoil sludge reach to 50.26%, 65.45% and 58.51%; respectively.
⑥The microbial communities in 6 nightsoil sludge samples taken from the beginning and the 8th days of the 3 anaerobic digestion reactors, ie. the original nightsoil sludge (A), adding 0.0075% HBH-II (B) and adding 0.075% HBH-II under initial pH 10(C), were studied using PCR-DGGE technique. At the beginning of reaction, the microbial communities of the 3 reactors are not changed greatly and the Dice coefficient (Cs) of microbial populations of different nightsoil sludge samples are 0.762~ 0.889. On 8th day, Cs of microbial populations of A and C reactors as well as that of B and C reactors are relatively low (0.727~0.750), it show that alkaline pretreatment can change the microbe community structure of nightsoil sludge system clearly. The 21 kinds of dominant bacterium in the 6 nightsoil sludge samples have near genetic relationship with Clostridium, Bacteroidetes, Acinetobacter, Firmicutes, Staphylococcus and Eubacterium .They are only 4 of them keeping good coherence between homology analysis and phylogenetic tree, and they are same generic microbe with Acinetobacter, Clostridium and Bacteroidetes; it can not find the contiguous kind in the phylogenetic tree of the rest 17 kinds of dominant bacterium. The combined augmentation effect of alkaline pretreatment and HBH-II can let Clostridium and Bacteroides propagate largely and then become the dominant population in the nightsoil sludge system, and this conclusion explain the reason why the combined effect of alkaline pretreatment and HBH-II can reduce the nightsoil sludge production as well as the marsh gas production of anaerobic digestion nightsoil sludge.
⑦HBH-II is choosed to apply in septic tank nightsoil reduction of a certain district in Nanping, Chongqing. The depth of harden layer of the septic tank can decrease more than 70% after adding 0.05% HBH-II a month later. At the same time, adding HBH-II in the septic tank onsite can decrease biogas output. Comparing to cleaning and landfill treatment of nightsoil sludge, the onsite nightsoil soil reduction by adding HBH-II can reduce 69.44% of the treating cost. And also, the onsite nightsoil soil reduction by adding HBH-II has good environmental and social benefit.
①研究了EM、HBH-Ⅱ和MCMP用于粪便污泥厌氧消化减量的可行性。经过21天的厌氧消化,粪便污泥总固体(TS)、挥发性固体(VS)的减量效果、COD的去除效果及厌氧消化效率的增强作用均表现为:T1(直接投加复合微生物制剂)> T2(巴氏灭菌后投加复合微生物制剂)> CK(对照),且T1与CK和T2的TS、VS和COD去除率间的差异均达到极显著水平(p<0.01)。巴氏灭菌不会破坏粪便污泥本身的结构,各处理TS、VS和COD减量效果的差异主要是由反应器中微生物的数量和种类的不同造成的。外源EM、HBH-Ⅱ和MCMP与原粪便污泥体系中的土著微生物的联合作用更有利于粪便污泥的厌氧消化减量,直接投加EM、HBH-Ⅱ和MCMP用于粪便污泥的原位减量均是切实可行的。
②研究了EM、HBH-II和MCMP投加量(0~1.00%)对粪便污泥厌氧消化减量的影响。三试验组分别以投加0.01%的EM(E2)、0.05%的HBH-I(IH3)和0.01%的MCMP(M2)对TS和VS减量效果为最好。经过20天的厌氧反应,E2、H3和M2的TS和VS的去除率分别为32.51%和42.34%、36.43%和49.11%、33.74%和46.05%。用于强化粪便污泥厌氧消化减量,EM、HBH-II和MCMP的合适投加量分别为0.01%、0.05%和0.01%。至20天反应结束,投加EM、HBH-II和MCMP三试验组各处理的累积产气量分别比对照(CK)的高60.74%~214.70%、93.91%~218.83%和50.78%~254.82%。EM、HBH-Ⅱ和MCMP在强化粪便污泥厌氧消化减量的同时,也增加了厌氧消化的产气量。在相同的投加量条件下,投加HBH-II的产气量基本低于投加EM和MCMP的,所存在的安全隐患最小。EM、HBH-II和MCMP对粪便污泥厌氧消化减量的强化主要表现在投加菌种的前8天。在实际应用中可以每周补投一次复合微生物制剂以提高粪便污泥减量效率。
③研究了初始pH对EM、HBH-II和MCMP强化粪便污泥厌氧消化减量的影响。调节初始pH为9.0~10.0,EM、HBH-II和MCMP能极显著强化粪便污泥厌氧消化对TS和VS的去除;而调节初始pH为5.0,则极显著抑制其对TS和VS的去除。三试验组的TS和VS去除率分别以E-pH10、H-pH10和M-pH9的为最大。20天厌氧消化结束,E-pH10、H-pH10和M-pH9的TS和VS去除率分别达到36.69%和47.14%、43.03%和54.67%、40.70%和51.13%。调节初始pH为9.0~10.0均有利于EM、HBH-II和MCMP强化粪便污泥的厌氧消化减量。这一结论为加碱预处理与复合微生物强化相结合的粪便污泥厌氧消化减量提供了技术支撑。E-pH9、E-pH10、H-pH9和H-pH10达到TS和VS减量效果的同时,产气量也相对较少;而M-pH9的TS和VS减量效果虽然较好,但其产气量也明显增多,在实际应用中要考虑投加MCMP带来的沼气中毒和爆炸等安全隐患的发生。
④研究了温度对EM、HBH-II和MCMP强化粪便污泥厌氧消化减量的影响。分别投加EM(0.01%)、HBH-II(0.05%)和MCMP(0.01%)的三试验组的TS和VS减量效果均表现为35℃时最好,45℃时次之,25℃时最差。在同一温度水平条件下,按对TS和VS减量的增强效果大小排序为:HBH-II>MCMP>EM。在35℃条件下,各试验组的累积产气量表现为:MCMP> EM> HBH-II。
⑤通过正交实验,以TS、VS和COD去除率为指标,得到单因素试验中减量效果最好的HBH-Ⅱ强化粪便污泥厌氧消化减量的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度35℃、初始pH 10.0、HBH-Ⅱ投加量0.075%。在此条件下反应20天,粪便污泥厌氧消化TS、VS和COD的去除率分别达到:50.26%、65.45%和58.51%。
⑥利用PCR-DGGE技术,分别对不投加(A)、直接投加0.075%的HBH-Ⅱ(B)和调节初始pH为10.0后投加0.075%的HBH-Ⅱ(C)三个粪便污泥厌氧消化反应器中反应前和反应第八天的粪便污泥样品进行研究。反应前,各反应器的微生物群落间相似性指数(Cs)均较高(0.762~0.889),各反应器粪便污泥体系中的优势菌种没有发生太大变化。反应第八天,A和C以及B和C反应器的Cs相对较低(0.727~0.750),说明加碱预处理能明显改变粪便污泥的微生物群落结构。粪便污泥样品中的21种优势菌与梭状芽孢杆菌属(Clostridium)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroidetes)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)和优杆菌属(Eubacterium)有较近的亲缘关系;其中只有4个菌种在同源性分析和系统发育树上保持在很好的一致性,其与Acinetobacter、Clostridium和Bacteroidetes同属,而其他的17个序列在系统发育树上均没有找到与其亲缘关系比较近的种。加碱预处理与HBH-II强化后,原粪便污泥和HBH-II中的专性产氢产乙酸菌Clostridium和Bacteroides在粪便污泥体系中大量繁殖进而形成优势种群,这解释了该技术强化粪便污泥厌氧消化减量且同时降低沼气产量的原因。
⑦选择HBH-II用于重庆市南坪某小区化粪池粪便污泥的原位减量。投加0.05%的HBH-II一个月后可以实现板结层厚度消减70%以上;同时原位投加HBH-II可以明显减少化粪池沼气产量。相比传统的化粪池粪便污泥清掏和填埋处理,投加HBH-II对化粪池粪便污泥的原位减量可降低成本69.44%。同时,投加HBH-II对化粪池粪便污泥的原位减量具有很好的环境效益和社会效益。
With the development of urbanization, the environmental pressure of septic tank nightsoil sludge pollution becomes increasingly pronounced. Artificial clearing will take lots of time and vigor, and also, landfill treatment of nightsoil sludge will bring secondary pollution. Therefore, the study of septic tank nightsoil sludge reduction in situ has important practical significance. In virtue of anaerobic theory and enhanced biological sludge reduction technology, the feasibility of using compound microorganisms (EM, HBH-Ⅱand MCMP) to strength nightsoil sludge anaerobic digestion reduction was investigated firstly in this paper; the proper dosage of EM,HBH-Ⅱand MCMP to aggrandize nightsoil sludge anaerobic digestion reduction was studied secondly; the effect of initial pH and temperatures on nightsoil sludge anaerobic digestion reduction aggrandized by EM,HBH-Ⅱand MCMP were discussed, the best technology condition of HBH-Ⅱto reduce nightsoil sludge was also brought forward. Moreover, the combined effect reduction mechanism of alkaline pretreatment and HBH-II bioaugmentation was discussed by using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technology. The effect and the benefit of HBH-Ⅱon the reduction of septic tank nightsoil in practical applications was discussed lastly. The results of this research can offer a certain theoretical basis and useful technical support to reduce septic tank nightsoil sludge in situ and improve the security capability of septic tank. The main results were given as follows:
①Study the feasibility of using EM, HBH-Ⅱand MCMP for septic tank nightsoil sludge anaerobic digestion reduction. After 21 days of anaerobic digestion, the removal rates of Total solid(TS), Volatile solid (VS) and COD as well as the digestion efficiencies of nightsoil sludge of the 3 experimental groups are followed by T1 (adding 0.005% compound microorganism in the original nightsoil sludge system)> T2 (adding 0.005% compound microorganism after the nightsoil sludge was sterilized by pasteurism)> CK (without compound microorganism). There are significantly positive (p<0.01) relations between T1 and CK as well as T1 and T2 in the removal rate of TS, VS and COD. The configuration of nightsoil sludge isn’t destroyed by pasteurism; the difference of TS, VS and COD reduction effect among the treatments is mostly caused by the different quantity and species of the microorganism of the treatments. The corporate effect of EM, HBH-Ⅱand MCMP and the original microorganism of the nightsoil sludge system is more propitious to reduce septic tank nightsoil sludge; it is feasible for adding EM, HBH-Ⅱand MCMP to septic tank directly to reduce nightsoil sludge production.
②Study the effect of EM, HBH-Ⅱand MCMP adding dose on anaerobic digestion reduction of nightsoil sludge. After 20 days of anaerobic digestion, the maximum removal rates of TS and VS of the 3 experimental groups appear in E2, H3 and M2 treatment under 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.01% dosing quantity of EM, HBH-II and MCMP, respectively. The removal rates of TS and VS of E2 are 32.51% and 42.34%, respectively; that of H3 are 36.43% and 49.11%, respectively; and that of M2 are 33.74% and 46.05%, respectively. In this experiment, adding 0.01% EM, 0.05% HBH-II and 0.01% MCMP have the best reduction effect of nightsoil sludge.
After 20 days of anaerobic digestion, the cumulative biogas yield of E1~E6, H1~H6 and M1~M6 are 60.74%~214.70%, 93.91%~218.83% and 50.78%~254.82% higher than that of the control (CK). EM, HBH-II and MCMP can improve the anaerobic digestion reduction efficiencies of nightsoil sludge as well as increase the gas production. The gas production of the treatments which adding HBH-II is slightly lower than that of the treatments which adding EM and MCMP correspondingly, thus the chance of biogas poisoning and blasting of the treatments adding HBH-II is least. The strengthen effect of EM, HBH-II and MCMP on anaerobic digestion reduction of nightsoil sludge displays mainly in the former 8 days. So, it is necessary to add compound micro-organisms once a week to improve the reduction effect in practical applications.
③Study the effect of initial pH on anaerobic digestion reduction of nightsoil sludge which were biologic enhanced by EM, HBH-II and MCMP. The bioaugmentation effect of EM, HBH-Ⅱa nd MCMP on the removal rate of TS and VS can be very significant improved when adjust the initial pH to 9.0~10.0, whereas the strengthen effect on the removal rate of TS and VS can be very significant suppressed when adjust the initial pH to 5.0.The maximum removal rates of TS and VS of the 3 experimental groups appear in E-pH10, H-pH10 and M-pH9, respectively. After 20 days anaerobic digestion, the removal rates of TS and VS of E-pH10、H-pH10 and M-pH9 reach to 36.69% and 47.14%, 43.03% and 54.67%, 40.70% and 51.13%, respectively. Adjusting the initial pH to 9.0~10.0 is propitious to the anaerobic digestion reduction of nightsoil sludge biologic enhanced by EM, HBH-II and MCMP. This conclusion can offer a technical support to anaerobic digestion reduction of nightsoil sludge aggrandized by bioaugmentation and alkaline pretreatment jointly.
E-pH9, E-pH10, H-pH9 and H-pH10 have the best reduction of TS, VS and COD; meanwhile the gas production of these 4 treatments is relatively less. M-pH9 has the best reduction of TS, VS and COD; while the gas production of these 2 treatments is obviously increased; so it is necessary to prevent hidden safety dangers such as biogas poisoning and blasting in the real application of using MCMP to reduce septic tank nightsoil sludge in practical application.
④Study the effect of temperature on anaerobic digestion reduction of nightsoil sludge which were biologic enhanced by EM, HBH-II and MCMP. When the temperature is 35℃, the removal rates of TS, VS and COD of the 3 experimental groups, ie. adding 0.01%EM, adding 0.05%HBH-II and adding 0.01% MCMP, is the highest , secondly at 45℃, and thirdly at 25℃. Under the same temperature, the enhancement on TS and VS reduction are followed by: HBH-II>MCMP>EM; the cumulative biogas yield of the 3 experimental groups under 35℃are followed by: MCMP> EM> HBH-II.
⑤Through orthogonally experiment, TS, VS and COD removal rates were taken as the index for investigation, the optimum conditions for anaerobic digestion nightsoil sludge reduction biologic enhanced by HBH-Ⅱare as follows: temperature is 35℃, initial pH is 10 and the dose of HBH-Ⅱis 0.075%. Under this condition, after 20 days anaerobic digestion, TS, VS and COD removal rates of nightsoil sludge reach to 50.26%, 65.45% and 58.51%; respectively.
⑥The microbial communities in 6 nightsoil sludge samples taken from the beginning and the 8th days of the 3 anaerobic digestion reactors, ie. the original nightsoil sludge (A), adding 0.0075% HBH-II (B) and adding 0.075% HBH-II under initial pH 10(C), were studied using PCR-DGGE technique. At the beginning of reaction, the microbial communities of the 3 reactors are not changed greatly and the Dice coefficient (Cs) of microbial populations of different nightsoil sludge samples are 0.762~ 0.889. On 8th day, Cs of microbial populations of A and C reactors as well as that of B and C reactors are relatively low (0.727~0.750), it show that alkaline pretreatment can change the microbe community structure of nightsoil sludge system clearly. The 21 kinds of dominant bacterium in the 6 nightsoil sludge samples have near genetic relationship with Clostridium, Bacteroidetes, Acinetobacter, Firmicutes, Staphylococcus and Eubacterium .They are only 4 of them keeping good coherence between homology analysis and phylogenetic tree, and they are same generic microbe with Acinetobacter, Clostridium and Bacteroidetes; it can not find the contiguous kind in the phylogenetic tree of the rest 17 kinds of dominant bacterium. The combined augmentation effect of alkaline pretreatment and HBH-II can let Clostridium and Bacteroides propagate largely and then become the dominant population in the nightsoil sludge system, and this conclusion explain the reason why the combined effect of alkaline pretreatment and HBH-II can reduce the nightsoil sludge production as well as the marsh gas production of anaerobic digestion nightsoil sludge.
⑦HBH-II is choosed to apply in septic tank nightsoil reduction of a certain district in Nanping, Chongqing. The depth of harden layer of the septic tank can decrease more than 70% after adding 0.05% HBH-II a month later. At the same time, adding HBH-II in the septic tank onsite can decrease biogas output. Comparing to cleaning and landfill treatment of nightsoil sludge, the onsite nightsoil soil reduction by adding HBH-II can reduce 69.44% of the treating cost. And also, the onsite nightsoil soil reduction by adding HBH-II has good environmental and social benefit.
引文
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