腾格里沙漠北缘地区古近纪、新近纪地层研究
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摘要
本论文以内蒙古阿拉善盟腾格里沙漠北缘地区古近纪、新近纪地层为研究对象，研究区在行政区划上属于内蒙古阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗、阿拉善右旗，西南少许地带属于甘肃省民勤县，在大地构造上属于阿拉善地层区。
论文在详细研究前人成果资料的基础上，以岩石地层学、生物地层学和沉积学为指导，以现代分析、测试技术为依托，通过系统的野外地质调查、剖面实际测量以及动物化石和孢粉样品的分析，对研究区古近纪、新近纪地层进行了研究。确定了研究区古近纪、新近纪地层分布特点，除古新统外，始新统、渐新统、中新统以及上新统均有发育，但分布零星，露头较差，主要集中在南阿拉善地层分区；从岩性特征和沉积建造来看，此时广泛发育断陷湖盆，地层主要为湖相、河湖相沉积；最后，通过对各剖面岩性地层和古生物地层的划分与对比，确定了研究区古近纪、新近纪各岩石地层单位名称及其地质时代，建立了研究区古近纪、新近纪地层层序：始新统寺口子组（E_2s），渐新统清水营组(E_3q)，中新统红柳沟组(N_1h)，上新统苦泉组(N_2k)。其中，寺口子组以角度不整合覆盖在白垩系或更老地层之上，红柳沟组与清水营组呈平行不整合接触，苦泉组与红柳沟组呈角度不整合接触，上覆第四纪地层。
The thesis studys on the Paleogene and Neogene strata which distribute in AlxaLeft Banner and Alxa Right Banner of Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, and alittle southwest zone belongs in Minqin County, Gansu Province in administrativedivisions, and belongs to Alxa stratigraphic area in tectonic units.
Based on the detailed study of former research achievements, this paper uses thetheory of Lithostratigraphy, Biostratigraphy and Sedimentology as a guide, and relyon modern analysis and testing techniques to analyze the results of field geologicalsurvey, measured section, animal and pollen fossils which are eventually serve tostudy the strata of Paleogene and Neogene in the study area. The distribution of thePaleogene and Neogene strata are as follows: apart from the Paleocene, the Eocene,Oligocene, Miocene and Pliocene strata are development, but with distributedscattered, and outcrop is poor, mainly concentrated in southern Alxa stratigraphicdivision. This thesis also studies facies of the strata from lithologic characters andsedimentary constructions that they are widely developed rift lake basins at that time,and mainly lacustrine and fluvio-lacustrine deposits. Finally, confirming thelithostratigraphic units and geological age of each section by contradistinction anddivision of each section’s lithostratigraphic and paleontological strata, and thenestablish the stratigraphic sequence of the Paleogene and Neogene strata of the studyarea: Sikouzi Formation,Eocene(E_2s), Qingshuiying Formation, Oligocene(E_3q),Hongliugou Formation, Miocene(N_1h), Kuquan Formation, Pliocene(N_2k). Amongthese, there exist an angular unconformity between Sikouzi Formation and itsunderlying the Cretaceous or older strata. And the contact relationship betweenHongliugou Formation and Qingshuiying Formation is parallel unconformity, KuquanFormation, unconformably cover Hongliugou Formation, overlying the Quaternarystrata.
论文在详细研究前人成果资料的基础上，以岩石地层学、生物地层学和沉积学为指导，以现代分析、测试技术为依托，通过系统的野外地质调查、剖面实际测量以及动物化石和孢粉样品的分析，对研究区古近纪、新近纪地层进行了研究。确定了研究区古近纪、新近纪地层分布特点，除古新统外，始新统、渐新统、中新统以及上新统均有发育，但分布零星，露头较差，主要集中在南阿拉善地层分区；从岩性特征和沉积建造来看，此时广泛发育断陷湖盆，地层主要为湖相、河湖相沉积；最后，通过对各剖面岩性地层和古生物地层的划分与对比，确定了研究区古近纪、新近纪各岩石地层单位名称及其地质时代，建立了研究区古近纪、新近纪地层层序：始新统寺口子组（E_2s），渐新统清水营组(E_3q)，中新统红柳沟组(N_1h)，上新统苦泉组(N_2k)。其中，寺口子组以角度不整合覆盖在白垩系或更老地层之上，红柳沟组与清水营组呈平行不整合接触，苦泉组与红柳沟组呈角度不整合接触，上覆第四纪地层。
The thesis studys on the Paleogene and Neogene strata which distribute in AlxaLeft Banner and Alxa Right Banner of Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, and alittle southwest zone belongs in Minqin County, Gansu Province in administrativedivisions, and belongs to Alxa stratigraphic area in tectonic units.
Based on the detailed study of former research achievements, this paper uses thetheory of Lithostratigraphy, Biostratigraphy and Sedimentology as a guide, and relyon modern analysis and testing techniques to analyze the results of field geologicalsurvey, measured section, animal and pollen fossils which are eventually serve tostudy the strata of Paleogene and Neogene in the study area. The distribution of thePaleogene and Neogene strata are as follows: apart from the Paleocene, the Eocene,Oligocene, Miocene and Pliocene strata are development, but with distributedscattered, and outcrop is poor, mainly concentrated in southern Alxa stratigraphicdivision. This thesis also studies facies of the strata from lithologic characters andsedimentary constructions that they are widely developed rift lake basins at that time,and mainly lacustrine and fluvio-lacustrine deposits. Finally, confirming thelithostratigraphic units and geological age of each section by contradistinction anddivision of each section’s lithostratigraphic and paleontological strata, and thenestablish the stratigraphic sequence of the Paleogene and Neogene strata of the studyarea: Sikouzi Formation,Eocene(E_2s), Qingshuiying Formation, Oligocene(E_3q),Hongliugou Formation, Miocene(N_1h), Kuquan Formation, Pliocene(N_2k). Amongthese, there exist an angular unconformity between Sikouzi Formation and itsunderlying the Cretaceous or older strata. And the contact relationship betweenHongliugou Formation and Qingshuiying Formation is parallel unconformity, KuquanFormation, unconformably cover Hongliugou Formation, overlying the Quaternarystrata.
引文
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Darby B J, Ritts B D, Yue yongjun, Meng Qingren. Did the Altyn Tagh fault extend beyond theTibetan Plateau. EPSL,2005,240:425-435
Johnson C L. Polyphase evolution of the East Gobi basin: sedimentary and structural records ofMesozoic-Cenozoic intraplate deformation in Mongolia. Basin Research,2004,16:79-99
Li C K, Tian S Y. The Paleogene Mammals of China. Bull Carnegie Mus Nat Hist,1983,21:1-93
Vincent et S J, Allen M B. Evolution of the Minle and Chaoshui Basins, China: Implications forMesozoic strike-slip basin formation in Central Asia. GSA Bulletin,1999,111(5):725-742
Wang B Y. The Chinese Oligocene: A preliminary review of mammalian localities and local fauns.In: prothero D R, Berggren W A eda, Eocene-Oligocene climatic and biotic evolution,princeton: Princeton Univ, Press,1992:529-547
Wang H, Mo X. An outline of the tectonic evolution of China. Episodes,1995,18:6-16
Webb L E, Johnson C L. Tertiary strike-slip faulting in southeastern Mongolia and implications forAsia tectonics.epsl,2006,241:323-335
Yue Y, Liou J, Graham S. Tectonic correlation of Beishan and Inner Mongolia orogens and itsimplication for the palinspastic reconstruction of north China.Geol. Soc. Am. Mem.,2001a,194,101-116
Yue Y J, Ritts B D, Graham S A. Initiation and long-term slip history of the Altyn Tagh fault.International Geology Review,2001b,43:1087-1093
Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Wang Y, et al., Great Jurassic thrust sheets in Beishan(North Mountains)-Gobiareas of China and sourthern Mongolia.Journal of Structural Geology,1996,18(9):1111-1126
车自成,刘良,刘洪福,等.阿尔金断裂系的组成及相关中新生代含油气盆地的成因特征.中国区域地质,1998,17(4):377-384
陈建强,周洪瑞,王训练.沉积学及古地理学教程.北京:地质出版社,2004
陈文彬,徐锡伟.阿拉善地块南缘的左旋走滑断裂与阿尔金断裂带的东延.地震地质,2006,28(2):319-324
程捷,张秋营,张西娟,等.吐鲁番盆地新生代环境演变.北京:地震出版社,2005
邓中林,侯元才,古凤宝,等.青海东北部第三纪西宁-贵德-化隆盆地充填特征、孢粉组合方式与古气候演变.青海地质,2000:43-53
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李明杰,郑孟林,曹春潮,等.北山-阿拉善地区侏罗-白垩纪盆地的叠合演化.石油与天然气地质,2004,25(1):54-57
李云通.中国的第三系.北京:地质出版社,1984
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刘少峰,杨士恭.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南北差异及其形成机制.地质科学,1997,3(3):397-408
内蒙古自治区地层表编写组.华北地区区域地层表(内蒙古分册).北京:地质出版社,1978
内蒙古自治区地质矿产局.内蒙古自治区区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,1991
内蒙古自治区地质矿产局.内蒙古自治区岩石地层.北京:中国地质大学出版社,1996
齐陶.内蒙古早渐新世查干布拉格哺乳动物群新材料.古脊椎动物与古人类,1981,19(2):145-148
齐陶.宁夏渐新世查干布拉格哺乳动物群.古脊椎动物与古人类,1975,13(4):217-224
全国地层委员会.中国地层指南及中国地层指南说明书.北京:地质出版社,2001
任莎莎.内蒙古阿拉善地区下白垩统地质特征及构造意义:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2011
孙素英.宁夏同心地区渐新世孢粉组合.中国地质科学院地质研究所所刊,1982,(4):127-138
孙秀玉,赵英娘,何卓生.青海西宁-民和盆地渐新世至中新世孢粉组合.地质评论,1984,30(3):207-216
田明中,程捷.第四纪地质学与地貌学.北京:地质出版社,2009
童永生,郑绍华,邱铸鼎.中国新生代哺乳动物分期.古脊椎动物学报,1995,33(4):290-314
万天丰.中国大地构造学纲要.北京:地质出版社,2004
王伴月,常江,孟宪家,等.内蒙千里山地区中、上渐新统的发现及其意义.古脊椎动物与古人类,1981,19(1):24-36
王伴月，王培玉.1997.内蒙古阿拉善地区查干布拉格组的新认识.古脊椎动物学报.35(2):121-129
王培玉,王伴月.内蒙古阿拉善地区的第三系.地层学杂志,1998,22(3):216-231
王培玉,王伴月.内蒙古阿拉善地区的第三系及其动物群.西北地质科学,1998,19(2):1-37
王萍,王增光.阿拉善活动块体的划分及归宿.地震,1997,17(1):103-112
王廷印,王士政,王金荣.阿拉善地区古生代陆壳的形成和演化.兰州：兰州大学出版社,1994
王晓梅,王明镇,张锡麒.中国晚始新世-早渐新世地层孢粉组合及其古气候特征.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2005,30(3):309-316
吴凤萍.内蒙古阿拉善右旗塔木素地区NNE向韧性剪切带研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2009
徐余瑄.内蒙古的两栖犀科化石.古脊椎动物与古人类,1966,10(2):123-190
闫志强.内蒙古自治区西部始新世地层及其哺乳动物群.宁夏地质,1985,(28):20-24
杨振德,潘行适,杨易福.阿拉善断块及邻区地质构造特征与矿产.北京:科学出版社,1988
喻建新,张海峰,林启祥,等.青海省民和县古近纪西宁群孢粉植物群的地质意义.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2003,28(4):401-406
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Darby B J, Ritts B D, Yue yongjun, Meng Qingren. Did the Altyn Tagh fault extend beyond theTibetan Plateau. EPSL,2005,240:425-435
Johnson C L. Polyphase evolution of the East Gobi basin: sedimentary and structural records ofMesozoic-Cenozoic intraplate deformation in Mongolia. Basin Research,2004,16:79-99
Li C K, Tian S Y. The Paleogene Mammals of China. Bull Carnegie Mus Nat Hist,1983,21:1-93
Vincent et S J, Allen M B. Evolution of the Minle and Chaoshui Basins, China: Implications forMesozoic strike-slip basin formation in Central Asia. GSA Bulletin,1999,111(5):725-742
Wang B Y. The Chinese Oligocene: A preliminary review of mammalian localities and local fauns.In: prothero D R, Berggren W A eda, Eocene-Oligocene climatic and biotic evolution,princeton: Princeton Univ, Press,1992:529-547
Wang H, Mo X. An outline of the tectonic evolution of China. Episodes,1995,18:6-16
Webb L E, Johnson C L. Tertiary strike-slip faulting in southeastern Mongolia and implications forAsia tectonics.epsl,2006,241:323-335
Yue Y, Liou J, Graham S. Tectonic correlation of Beishan and Inner Mongolia orogens and itsimplication for the palinspastic reconstruction of north China.Geol. Soc. Am. Mem.,2001a,194,101-116
Yue Y J, Ritts B D, Graham S A. Initiation and long-term slip history of the Altyn Tagh fault.International Geology Review,2001b,43:1087-1093
Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Wang Y, et al., Great Jurassic thrust sheets in Beishan(North Mountains)-Gobiareas of China and sourthern Mongolia.Journal of Structural Geology,1996,18(9):1111-1126
车自成,刘良,刘洪福,等.阿尔金断裂系的组成及相关中新生代含油气盆地的成因特征.中国区域地质,1998,17(4):377-384
陈建强,周洪瑞,王训练.沉积学及古地理学教程.北京:地质出版社,2004
陈文彬,徐锡伟.阿拉善地块南缘的左旋走滑断裂与阿尔金断裂带的东延.地震地质,2006,28(2):319-324
程捷,张秋营,张西娟,等.吐鲁番盆地新生代环境演变.北京:地震出版社,2005
邓中林,侯元才,古凤宝,等.青海东北部第三纪西宁-贵德-化隆盆地充填特征、孢粉组合方式与古气候演变.青海地质,2000:43-53
姜元吉,王保良,齐陶.宁夏豪斯布尔都盆地早渐新世查干布拉格组.古脊椎动物与古人类,1976,14(1):35-41
李明杰,郑孟林,曹春潮,等.北山-阿拉善地区侏罗-白垩纪盆地的叠合演化.石油与天然气地质,2004,25(1):54-57
李云通.中国的第三系.北京:地质出版社,1984
刘耕武.青藏高原东部地区晚新生代孢粉组合特征及其古地理意义.微体古生物学报,1996,13(4):363-372
刘少峰,杨士恭.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南北差异及其形成机制.地质科学,1997,3(3):397-408
内蒙古自治区地层表编写组.华北地区区域地层表(内蒙古分册).北京:地质出版社,1978
内蒙古自治区地质矿产局.内蒙古自治区区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,1991
内蒙古自治区地质矿产局.内蒙古自治区岩石地层.北京:中国地质大学出版社,1996
齐陶.内蒙古早渐新世查干布拉格哺乳动物群新材料.古脊椎动物与古人类,1981,19(2):145-148
齐陶.宁夏渐新世查干布拉格哺乳动物群.古脊椎动物与古人类,1975,13(4):217-224
全国地层委员会.中国地层指南及中国地层指南说明书.北京:地质出版社,2001
任莎莎.内蒙古阿拉善地区下白垩统地质特征及构造意义:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2011
孙素英.宁夏同心地区渐新世孢粉组合.中国地质科学院地质研究所所刊,1982,(4):127-138
孙秀玉,赵英娘,何卓生.青海西宁-民和盆地渐新世至中新世孢粉组合.地质评论,1984,30(3):207-216
田明中,程捷.第四纪地质学与地貌学.北京:地质出版社,2009
童永生,郑绍华,邱铸鼎.中国新生代哺乳动物分期.古脊椎动物学报,1995,33(4):290-314
万天丰.中国大地构造学纲要.北京:地质出版社,2004
王伴月,常江,孟宪家,等.内蒙千里山地区中、上渐新统的发现及其意义.古脊椎动物与古人类,1981,19(1):24-36
王伴月，王培玉.1997.内蒙古阿拉善地区查干布拉格组的新认识.古脊椎动物学报.35(2):121-129
王培玉,王伴月.内蒙古阿拉善地区的第三系.地层学杂志,1998,22(3):216-231
王培玉,王伴月.内蒙古阿拉善地区的第三系及其动物群.西北地质科学,1998,19(2):1-37
王萍,王增光.阿拉善活动块体的划分及归宿.地震,1997,17(1):103-112
王廷印,王士政,王金荣.阿拉善地区古生代陆壳的形成和演化.兰州：兰州大学出版社,1994
王晓梅,王明镇,张锡麒.中国晚始新世-早渐新世地层孢粉组合及其古气候特征.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2005,30(3):309-316
吴凤萍.内蒙古阿拉善右旗塔木素地区NNE向韧性剪切带研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2009
徐余瑄.内蒙古的两栖犀科化石.古脊椎动物与古人类,1966,10(2):123-190
闫志强.内蒙古自治区西部始新世地层及其哺乳动物群.宁夏地质,1985,(28):20-24
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