C80矿渣高强混凝土的试验研究
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摘要
高强高性能混凝土是20世纪80年代后才出现的新型建筑材料。由于高强高性能混凝土具有高强度、高耐久性、高工作性等特性，用其代替传统的混凝土结构物和建造在严酷环境中的特殊结构，具有显著的经济效益。国外有人预言，21世纪将大量应用100MPa以上的结构混凝土。
作者通过对混凝土材料的组成和结构进行宏观、微观和细观三个层次的系统分析发现，混凝土材料的力学性能和耐久性主要取决于其微观的组织构成；在组成混凝土材料的三相(硬化水泥浆体、集料和硬化水泥浆体-集料界面过渡区)中，界面过渡区是其中最薄弱的一环。因此，要提高混凝土材料的强度和耐久性等宏观性能，就必须减少其内部的微观缺陷，特别是要改善界面过渡区的结构，提高界面过渡区的密实性和黏结力，从而提高混凝土的强度和耐久性。
本文采取“普通硅酸盐水泥+矿物细掺料+高效减水剂”技术路线和“净浆裹石”搅拌工艺，采用42.5R普通硅酸盐水泥配制出抗压强度为85MPa、坍落度为120mm的高强高性能混凝土，并给出了C80高强高性能混凝土的推荐配合比。
本试验采用正交设计方案，并利用SPSS统计分析软件对试验数据进行了系统的统计分析。分析了水胶比、硅灰掺量、矿渣掺量和高效减水剂掺量对高强高性能混凝土强度的影响，并根据综合平衡法得出本文所采用的原材料体系的最优配合比。同时，在其他因素不变的情况下，对高强高性能混凝土28天抗压强度与胶水比的关系进行线性回归。试验结果表明：在混凝土中同时掺入硅灰和矿渣可以产生复合火山灰效应和微集料填充效应；“净浆裹石”搅拌工艺可以大大改善界面过渡区结构，从而提高混凝土的强度。
High strength & high performance concrete came into being as a new construction material in 1980's. For its desired properties including high strength, long durability and good workability, it has been shown remarkably economic in replacing traditional concrete structure and building special structure using in the aggressive environment. It has been prophesied that the concrete with strength over 100MPa will be widely used.
Through systematically analyzing the composition and structure of concrete from three levels of macroscopic, microcosmic and ultra- microcosmic, the author of this paper found that the mechanical properties and durability of concrete depended on mainly its composition and structure. The interface, which is one of three composition of concrete (hardened cement paste, aggregate and interface), is the most weak zone in concrete. Therefore, the key to improve strength and durability of the concrete is to decrease flaws of concrete, especially to meliorate the structure of interface, which will improve the compactness and cohesion of interface, thus improve the strength and durability of the concrete.
By using the method of adding ordinary Portland cement with fine mineral admixture and super plasticizer and the mixing process of Stone Enveloped with Cement, the high strength & high performance concrete with strength of 85MPa and slump of 120mm are produced, and the method of producing C80 high strength & high performance concrete are recommended in this paper.
This experiment is carried out complying with orthogonal test-schema, then the author carry on systematic statistical analysis to the test data with SPSS. It analyzes the effect of water/binder ratio, percentage of silica fume and slag and super plasticizer on the strength of the high strength & high performance concrete. And then, the optimum of mix proportions of every composition is acquired according to the comprehensive
equilibration theory. Simultaneously, regression analysis is carried out between the 28d compressive strength of HSC and the binder/water ratio with no variation of other factors. The result of the experiments shows that the effects of compound pozzolanic and micro-aggregate have been produced when silica fume and slag were added into concrete together. And the Stone Enveloped with Cement can meliorate distinctly the structure of the transition zone of interface, thus the strength of concrete is improved.
作者通过对混凝土材料的组成和结构进行宏观、微观和细观三个层次的系统分析发现，混凝土材料的力学性能和耐久性主要取决于其微观的组织构成；在组成混凝土材料的三相(硬化水泥浆体、集料和硬化水泥浆体-集料界面过渡区)中，界面过渡区是其中最薄弱的一环。因此，要提高混凝土材料的强度和耐久性等宏观性能，就必须减少其内部的微观缺陷，特别是要改善界面过渡区的结构，提高界面过渡区的密实性和黏结力，从而提高混凝土的强度和耐久性。
本文采取“普通硅酸盐水泥+矿物细掺料+高效减水剂”技术路线和“净浆裹石”搅拌工艺，采用42.5R普通硅酸盐水泥配制出抗压强度为85MPa、坍落度为120mm的高强高性能混凝土，并给出了C80高强高性能混凝土的推荐配合比。
本试验采用正交设计方案，并利用SPSS统计分析软件对试验数据进行了系统的统计分析。分析了水胶比、硅灰掺量、矿渣掺量和高效减水剂掺量对高强高性能混凝土强度的影响，并根据综合平衡法得出本文所采用的原材料体系的最优配合比。同时，在其他因素不变的情况下，对高强高性能混凝土28天抗压强度与胶水比的关系进行线性回归。试验结果表明：在混凝土中同时掺入硅灰和矿渣可以产生复合火山灰效应和微集料填充效应；“净浆裹石”搅拌工艺可以大大改善界面过渡区结构，从而提高混凝土的强度。
High strength & high performance concrete came into being as a new construction material in 1980's. For its desired properties including high strength, long durability and good workability, it has been shown remarkably economic in replacing traditional concrete structure and building special structure using in the aggressive environment. It has been prophesied that the concrete with strength over 100MPa will be widely used.
Through systematically analyzing the composition and structure of concrete from three levels of macroscopic, microcosmic and ultra- microcosmic, the author of this paper found that the mechanical properties and durability of concrete depended on mainly its composition and structure. The interface, which is one of three composition of concrete (hardened cement paste, aggregate and interface), is the most weak zone in concrete. Therefore, the key to improve strength and durability of the concrete is to decrease flaws of concrete, especially to meliorate the structure of interface, which will improve the compactness and cohesion of interface, thus improve the strength and durability of the concrete.
By using the method of adding ordinary Portland cement with fine mineral admixture and super plasticizer and the mixing process of Stone Enveloped with Cement, the high strength & high performance concrete with strength of 85MPa and slump of 120mm are produced, and the method of producing C80 high strength & high performance concrete are recommended in this paper.
This experiment is carried out complying with orthogonal test-schema, then the author carry on systematic statistical analysis to the test data with SPSS. It analyzes the effect of water/binder ratio, percentage of silica fume and slag and super plasticizer on the strength of the high strength & high performance concrete. And then, the optimum of mix proportions of every composition is acquired according to the comprehensive
equilibration theory. Simultaneously, regression analysis is carried out between the 28d compressive strength of HSC and the binder/water ratio with no variation of other factors. The result of the experiments shows that the effects of compound pozzolanic and micro-aggregate have been produced when silica fume and slag were added into concrete together. And the Stone Enveloped with Cement can meliorate distinctly the structure of the transition zone of interface, thus the strength of concrete is improved.
引文
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[02] B. Scheubel, W. Nachrwey Kiln Lining. Development of cement technology and its influence on the refractory Kiln Lining. Re Fra colloquium, Berlin, Germany, 1987
[03] 张驰，水泥砂浆的孔结构和抗渗性，硕士毕业论文，1998．5
[04] 严吴南，彭小芹等编，建筑材料性能学，重庆大学出版社，1996．12
[05] 吴中伟，高性能混凝土及其矿物细掺料，建筑技术，1999年第3期，P160～163
[06] 吴中伟，廉惠珍著，高性能混凝土，中国铁道出版社，1999．9
[07] Adeline R, Lacheme M, Biaif P, Design and Behavior of the Sherbrooke foot bridge, Sherbrooke Canada, International Symposium on high Performance and Reactive Particle Concrete, 1998
[08] L. Pliskin, High performance concrete engineering properties and code aspects, High Performance Concrete-from material to structure, p 186, E&Fnspon, 1992
[09] 冯乃谦，实用混凝土大全，科学出版社，2001．02
[10] 吴中伟，严吴南等，高流态超高强混凝土研究，混凝土，1997．4，No．2
[11] 陈肇元 朱金铨 吴佩刚，高强混凝土及其应用，清华大学出版社，1992．12
[12] 庄青峰，冯乃谦，高性能浆体的水化模型，第三届高强与高性能混凝土及其应用学术讨论会论文集续集，济南，1998年3月，p1～37
[13] Powers T C, Physical Properties of Cement Paste, In: Proceeding of the fourth International symposium on the Chemistry of Cement, Washington, 1960
[14] H. F.W. Taylor, Cement Chemistry, Academic Press, 1995
[15] 万朝钧，新型高效掺合料及其性能研究，重庆建筑大学博士论文，2000．1
[16] A．E．谢衣金，契默斯基，勃鲁谢贝著，胡春芝，袁孝敏，高于善译，水泥混凝土的结构与性能，中国建筑工业出版社，1984．5
[17] 蒲心诚，王勇威，高效活性矿物掺料与混凝土的高性能化，混凝土，2002年第
2期P3～6
[18] 重庆建筑工程学院，混凝土学，中国建筑工业出版社，1980
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[20] E.J.Sellevold, H.Justnes, High strength Concrete Binders Part B: Nonevaporable Water, Self-desiccation and Porosity of Cement Pastes with and without Condensed Silica Fume, Fly ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, Proceedings fourth International Conference Istanbul, Turkey, May 1992, Volume Ⅱ
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[23] 陆平编著，水泥材料科学导论，同济大学出版社，
[24] 廉惠珍，童良，陈恩义，建筑材料物相研究基础，清华大学出版社，1996．6
[25] 万朝均，高强高性能混凝土配合比设计经验探讨，混凝土，2002年第3期P41～46
[26] 郭向勇，方坤河，大流动性超高强混凝土的配制优化，2002年第7期P36～38
[27] 赵俊梅等，超细矿渣粉末高性能混凝土正交试验研究，混凝土与水泥制品，2000年第2期P19～21
[28] 蒋家奋，矿渣微粉在水泥混凝土中应用的概述，混凝土与水泥制品，2002年第3期P3～6
[29] 张德思，论粉煤灰的特性，陕西声高强高性能混凝土学术研讨会论文集，1999，P15～22
[30] 王东升，自密实混凝土的试验研究，西北工业大学硕士学位论文，2003．03
[31] 颜学武，120Mpa新型超高强水泥基材料的试验研究，西北工业大学硕士学位论文，2001．03
[32] 陕西省土木建筑学会建筑材料学术委员会编，1999年陕西省高强高性能混凝土学术研讨会论文集，1999年
[33] V.S. Ramachandran, R.E Feldman, J.J. Beaudoin. Concrete science: Treatise on current research. Printed an bound in Great Britain. 1981.
[34] P. K. Mehta etc, Pore Distribution and Permeability of HCP, 7th Int Syrup on Chemistry of Cement, Paris, Volume Ⅱ 1980
[35] 黄士元，蒋家奋等编著，近代混凝土技术，陕西科学技术出版社，1998
[36] 许仲梓，沈洋等，低孔隙率砂浆的强度性能和孔结构，南京化工学院学报，Vol．16 No．4．1994年11月，P12～16
[37] 冯乃谦，李永德，混凝土技术的新成就与新进展，混凝土与水泥制品，1993年第5期P4～12
[38] P Kumar Mehta著，祝永年，沈威，陈志源译，混凝土的结构、性能与材料，同济大学出版社，1990．11
[39] 蒲心诚，王志军等，超高强高性能水泥基材料力学性能研究，第八界中国硅酸盐学会水泥化学会议论文集，2001．10
[40] 吴中伟，高性能混凝土(HPC)的发展趋势与问题，建筑技术，1998(1)
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[42] 蒲心诚、严吴南等，高流态超高强混凝土研究，混凝土，1997．4 No．2
[43] 冯乃谦、王端，矿物粉添加剂的高强混凝土，北京建材，1986，No．1
[44] 陆平、吴科如，双掺硅灰粉煤灰超高强混凝土的研究，上海建材学院学报，1993．2． P11～15
[45] 李家和等，双掺硅灰质页岩超高强混凝土，混凝土，1996，No．5
[46] Shah S P, Ahmad S H. Structural Properties of High-Strength Concrete & Implications for PSC. PCI Journal 1985, Nov-Dec 91-19
[47] Penttala V. Compatibility of Binder and Superplasticizer in High-Strength Concrete, Nordc Concr Res 1986,Oslo N5 117～128
[48] Robert lewis, silica fume for high-performance concrete, Concrete, Vol.32, No.5,
May 1998
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[50] 蒲心诚，超高强高性能混凝土的强度构成分析，混凝土与水泥制品，1999 No．1，P7～14
[51] 杨武斌，高强混凝土的试验研究，西北工业大学硕士论文，2000．3
[52] 卢纹岱主编，SPSS for Windows统计分析，电子工业出版社，2000．9
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[02] B. Scheubel, W. Nachrwey Kiln Lining. Development of cement technology and its influence on the refractory Kiln Lining. Re Fra colloquium, Berlin, Germany, 1987
[03] 张驰，水泥砂浆的孔结构和抗渗性，硕士毕业论文，1998．5
[04] 严吴南，彭小芹等编，建筑材料性能学，重庆大学出版社，1996．12
[05] 吴中伟，高性能混凝土及其矿物细掺料，建筑技术，1999年第3期，P160～163
[06] 吴中伟，廉惠珍著，高性能混凝土，中国铁道出版社，1999．9
[07] Adeline R, Lacheme M, Biaif P, Design and Behavior of the Sherbrooke foot bridge, Sherbrooke Canada, International Symposium on high Performance and Reactive Particle Concrete, 1998
[08] L. Pliskin, High performance concrete engineering properties and code aspects, High Performance Concrete-from material to structure, p 186, E&Fnspon, 1992
[09] 冯乃谦，实用混凝土大全，科学出版社，2001．02
[10] 吴中伟，严吴南等，高流态超高强混凝土研究，混凝土，1997．4，No．2
[11] 陈肇元 朱金铨 吴佩刚，高强混凝土及其应用，清华大学出版社，1992．12
[12] 庄青峰，冯乃谦，高性能浆体的水化模型，第三届高强与高性能混凝土及其应用学术讨论会论文集续集，济南，1998年3月，p1～37
[13] Powers T C, Physical Properties of Cement Paste, In: Proceeding of the fourth International symposium on the Chemistry of Cement, Washington, 1960
[14] H. F.W. Taylor, Cement Chemistry, Academic Press, 1995
[15] 万朝钧，新型高效掺合料及其性能研究，重庆建筑大学博士论文，2000．1
[16] A．E．谢衣金，契默斯基，勃鲁谢贝著，胡春芝，袁孝敏，高于善译，水泥混凝土的结构与性能，中国建筑工业出版社，1984．5
[17] 蒲心诚，王勇威，高效活性矿物掺料与混凝土的高性能化，混凝土，2002年第
2期P3～6
[18] 重庆建筑工程学院，混凝土学，中国建筑工业出版社，1980
[19] H.Justnes, E.J.Sellevold, G..Lundevall, High strength Concrete Binders Part A: Reactivity and Composition of Cement Pastes with and without Condensed Silica Fume, Fly ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, Proceedings fourth International Conference Istanbul, Turkey, May 1992, Volume Ⅱ
[20] E.J.Sellevold, H.Justnes, High strength Concrete Binders Part B: Nonevaporable Water, Self-desiccation and Porosity of Cement Pastes with and without Condensed Silica Fume, Fly ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, Proceedings fourth International Conference Istanbul, Turkey, May 1992, Volume Ⅱ
[21] Sellevod.E.J, Bager. D.A,Klitagaard.Jensen. E, and Knudsen. T:Silica Fume-Cement Pastes: Hydration and Pore Structure, Report BML 82.610,Feb. 1982, The Norwegian Institute of Technology Trondheim
[22] 冯乃谦编著，高性能混凝土，中国建筑工业出版社，1996．8
[23] 陆平编著，水泥材料科学导论，同济大学出版社，
[24] 廉惠珍，童良，陈恩义，建筑材料物相研究基础，清华大学出版社，1996．6
[25] 万朝均，高强高性能混凝土配合比设计经验探讨，混凝土，2002年第3期P41～46
[26] 郭向勇，方坤河，大流动性超高强混凝土的配制优化，2002年第7期P36～38
[27] 赵俊梅等，超细矿渣粉末高性能混凝土正交试验研究，混凝土与水泥制品，2000年第2期P19～21
[28] 蒋家奋，矿渣微粉在水泥混凝土中应用的概述，混凝土与水泥制品，2002年第3期P3～6
[29] 张德思，论粉煤灰的特性，陕西声高强高性能混凝土学术研讨会论文集，1999，P15～22
[30] 王东升，自密实混凝土的试验研究，西北工业大学硕士学位论文，2003．03
[31] 颜学武，120Mpa新型超高强水泥基材料的试验研究，西北工业大学硕士学位论文，2001．03
[32] 陕西省土木建筑学会建筑材料学术委员会编，1999年陕西省高强高性能混凝土学术研讨会论文集，1999年
[33] V.S. Ramachandran, R.E Feldman, J.J. Beaudoin. Concrete science: Treatise on current research. Printed an bound in Great Britain. 1981.
[34] P. K. Mehta etc, Pore Distribution and Permeability of HCP, 7th Int Syrup on Chemistry of Cement, Paris, Volume Ⅱ 1980
[35] 黄士元，蒋家奋等编著，近代混凝土技术，陕西科学技术出版社，1998
[36] 许仲梓，沈洋等，低孔隙率砂浆的强度性能和孔结构，南京化工学院学报，Vol．16 No．4．1994年11月，P12～16
[37] 冯乃谦，李永德，混凝土技术的新成就与新进展，混凝土与水泥制品，1993年第5期P4～12
[38] P Kumar Mehta著，祝永年，沈威，陈志源译，混凝土的结构、性能与材料，同济大学出版社，1990．11
[39] 蒲心诚，王志军等，超高强高性能水泥基材料力学性能研究，第八界中国硅酸盐学会水泥化学会议论文集，2001．10
[40] 吴中伟，高性能混凝土(HPC)的发展趋势与问题，建筑技术，1998(1)
[41] 蒲心诚，超高强混凝土的研究与应用，混凝土，1993．5 P10～15
[42] 蒲心诚、严吴南等，高流态超高强混凝土研究，混凝土，1997．4 No．2
[43] 冯乃谦、王端，矿物粉添加剂的高强混凝土，北京建材，1986，No．1
[44] 陆平、吴科如，双掺硅灰粉煤灰超高强混凝土的研究，上海建材学院学报，1993．2． P11～15
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