温度影响条件下城市生活垃圾渗滤液运移研究
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摘要
垃圾的生化降解,改变着填埋体的水力特性及渗滤液的理化性质,增加了渗滤液运移规律的复杂性。本文通过理论分析、模拟实验和数值模拟的方法,分析了降解对填埋垃圾固体骨架和渗滤液流体特性的影响,对降解条件下的垃圾渗滤液水分及溶质运移规律进行了研究。
首先以溶质运移动力学为基础,结合垃圾土的特殊性,分析了填埋场内渗滤液运移的基本理论,包括垃圾体内水分运移机理和溶质运移机理两方面。在此基础上开展了填埋场室内模拟实验,对模拟柱内垃圾的初始物理性质、固相垃圾中有机质含量、垃圾沉降、渗滤液密度及主要污染物指标等进行了监测、分析。通过实验研究和理论分析,从垃圾固体骨架和渗滤液流体特性两方面研究了温度影响条件下有机组分厌氧降解对渗滤液运移的影响。借鉴化学反应热力学的相关理论,尝试分析了温度对厌氧降解关键阶段(产甲烷)反应方程平衡常数的影响,并建立了平衡常数和温度之间的定量关系式,同时对温度效应的影响机理进行了初步探讨。
在分析渗透系数理论模型(Kozeny-Carman)的基础上借鉴水温和岩体温度、温度梯度对岩体渗透性能的影响试验理论分析了渗滤液温度和垃圾体温度、温度梯度对渗透系数的影响。建立了稳定渗流条件下的温度对垃圾体渗透系数的影响关系式。
最后建立垃圾渗滤液水分及溶质运移一维模型,考虑了垃圾降解过程中填埋体孔隙度和渗透系数的变化。模型中采用了Gibson和Lo一维压缩模型。渗滤液溶质运移问题的基本方程建立在对流—弥散方程的基础上,并以COD浓度作为有机物含量的度量标准,建立了考虑了固相的溶出和液相生化降解的有机污染物运移方程。应用建立的数学模型,对垃圾模拟柱渗滤液产生量进行了预测,结果表明:在填埋初期,模拟值与实测值有一定偏差,这主要由于填埋初期场内垃圾成分非均质性较强、孔隙差异较大导致的;后期模拟结果与实测值总体拟合效果较好。本论文的研究成果,对准确预测填埋场内渗滤液水量、水质的变化情况,及有效控制渗滤液污染起到了积极作用。
The hydraulic characteristics of the landfill body and the physicochemical property characteris-tics varied with the biochemical degradation of the municipal solid waste, which increased the difficulty of the leachate migration discipline. By means of theoretical analysis, simulated experiment and numerical simulation, the effect of biodegradation on the solid matrix of the landfill body and the characteristics of leachate were analyzed. Then the author studied the water and solute migration discipline. considering the degradation of landfill body.
Based on the dynamics of water .the author first analyzed the basic theories of leachate migration in landfill body, including the mechanisms of water and solute migration in landfill body. Then the simulated experiment was conducted, analyzing the initial characteristic of the municipal solid waste, the landfill settlement, leachate density and the dominant pollutants concentration in leachate. Based on the experimental study and theoretical analysis, the effect of degradation of organic waste under temperature on leachate migration was studied from the aspects of the solid matrix of the landfill body and the characteristics of leachate. The relative thermodynamic theories were employed in this thesis, the effect of temperature on the equilibrium constant of the typical anaerobic degradation reaction(the methane fermentation phase) and established the quantitative formula between the equilibrium constant and the temperature. Also ,the author primarily discussed the effect mechanisem of temperature in landfill body.
Based on analyze the theories of permeability coefficient—Kozeny-Carman. The author take in the theories of experiments on different temperature including water temperature、rock temperature and temperature grads under the definite press,and analyzed effect on the leachate temperature、waste temperature and temperature grads. Finally the effect formulate of the temperature to permeability coefficient of landfill under the level off of seepage.
Taking in account of the variety of porosity and hydraulic conductivity in the process of the degradation of organic waste, the water and solute migration model in landfill body was established. The one-dimensional compress model was employed in this thesis. At the same time, taking the COD concentration in leachate as an example, the migration equation of organic pollutants in leachate was established taking in account of degradation of organic waste.
The leachate quantity was predicted by the mathematical model. The results showed that due to the obvious heterogeneous of the municipal solid waste in landfill in the initial time, the experimental value and the predicted value had some difference. But in the later time, the experimental value and the predicted value was closer. This research exerts positive effects on the prediction of leachate quantity and quality in landfill and effective control measures for leachate pollution.
首先以溶质运移动力学为基础,结合垃圾土的特殊性,分析了填埋场内渗滤液运移的基本理论,包括垃圾体内水分运移机理和溶质运移机理两方面。在此基础上开展了填埋场室内模拟实验,对模拟柱内垃圾的初始物理性质、固相垃圾中有机质含量、垃圾沉降、渗滤液密度及主要污染物指标等进行了监测、分析。通过实验研究和理论分析,从垃圾固体骨架和渗滤液流体特性两方面研究了温度影响条件下有机组分厌氧降解对渗滤液运移的影响。借鉴化学反应热力学的相关理论,尝试分析了温度对厌氧降解关键阶段(产甲烷)反应方程平衡常数的影响,并建立了平衡常数和温度之间的定量关系式,同时对温度效应的影响机理进行了初步探讨。
在分析渗透系数理论模型(Kozeny-Carman)的基础上借鉴水温和岩体温度、温度梯度对岩体渗透性能的影响试验理论分析了渗滤液温度和垃圾体温度、温度梯度对渗透系数的影响。建立了稳定渗流条件下的温度对垃圾体渗透系数的影响关系式。
最后建立垃圾渗滤液水分及溶质运移一维模型,考虑了垃圾降解过程中填埋体孔隙度和渗透系数的变化。模型中采用了Gibson和Lo一维压缩模型。渗滤液溶质运移问题的基本方程建立在对流—弥散方程的基础上,并以COD浓度作为有机物含量的度量标准,建立了考虑了固相的溶出和液相生化降解的有机污染物运移方程。应用建立的数学模型,对垃圾模拟柱渗滤液产生量进行了预测,结果表明:在填埋初期,模拟值与实测值有一定偏差,这主要由于填埋初期场内垃圾成分非均质性较强、孔隙差异较大导致的;后期模拟结果与实测值总体拟合效果较好。本论文的研究成果,对准确预测填埋场内渗滤液水量、水质的变化情况,及有效控制渗滤液污染起到了积极作用。
The hydraulic characteristics of the landfill body and the physicochemical property characteris-tics varied with the biochemical degradation of the municipal solid waste, which increased the difficulty of the leachate migration discipline. By means of theoretical analysis, simulated experiment and numerical simulation, the effect of biodegradation on the solid matrix of the landfill body and the characteristics of leachate were analyzed. Then the author studied the water and solute migration discipline. considering the degradation of landfill body.
Based on the dynamics of water .the author first analyzed the basic theories of leachate migration in landfill body, including the mechanisms of water and solute migration in landfill body. Then the simulated experiment was conducted, analyzing the initial characteristic of the municipal solid waste, the landfill settlement, leachate density and the dominant pollutants concentration in leachate. Based on the experimental study and theoretical analysis, the effect of degradation of organic waste under temperature on leachate migration was studied from the aspects of the solid matrix of the landfill body and the characteristics of leachate. The relative thermodynamic theories were employed in this thesis, the effect of temperature on the equilibrium constant of the typical anaerobic degradation reaction(the methane fermentation phase) and established the quantitative formula between the equilibrium constant and the temperature. Also ,the author primarily discussed the effect mechanisem of temperature in landfill body.
Based on analyze the theories of permeability coefficient—Kozeny-Carman. The author take in the theories of experiments on different temperature including water temperature、rock temperature and temperature grads under the definite press,and analyzed effect on the leachate temperature、waste temperature and temperature grads. Finally the effect formulate of the temperature to permeability coefficient of landfill under the level off of seepage.
Taking in account of the variety of porosity and hydraulic conductivity in the process of the degradation of organic waste, the water and solute migration model in landfill body was established. The one-dimensional compress model was employed in this thesis. At the same time, taking the COD concentration in leachate as an example, the migration equation of organic pollutants in leachate was established taking in account of degradation of organic waste.
The leachate quantity was predicted by the mathematical model. The results showed that due to the obvious heterogeneous of the municipal solid waste in landfill in the initial time, the experimental value and the predicted value had some difference. But in the later time, the experimental value and the predicted value was closer. This research exerts positive effects on the prediction of leachate quantity and quality in landfill and effective control measures for leachate pollution.
引文
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