某水利枢纽工程非溢流坝与地基整体稳定性研究
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摘要
岩体是地质体的组成部分,是漫长地质发展史的产物。由于水工建设中坝基岩体所处的地质环境复杂,而且还始终处于一定的地应力和渗流作用下,因此,大坝岩体力学问题相对应变得越来越复杂,复杂条件下大坝与地基的整体稳定性研究显得非常重要。本文以某水利枢纽工程的非溢流坝为研究对象,通过现场调查、理论分析、解析计算和数值模拟等多种研究方法,紧密结合岩石力学理论与工程实践,对非溢流坝与地基的整体稳定性展开了研究,并提出了相应的坝基处理措施,解决了企业生产难题,并对岩体质量评价方法进行了有益的探讨。
主要研究如下:
1、对研究区的工程地质和水文地质进行了详细的调查研究,分析了坝址区的地层、岩性、地质构造特征,并对坝基岩体进行了风化分带。
2、对坝基岩体质量进行了详细的研究,采用岩石强度、风化特征、完整性系数、岩体质量指标及地下水为主要因素,在分别应用三种分级方法评价岩体质量的基础上,提出了一种岩体质量评价的新方法——综合分级方法,并利用综合分级结果对坝基岩体进行了稳定性评价。
3、在室内岩石物理力学试验的基础上,根据坝址区岩体的自身特点,采用一定的工程弱化方法确定了坝基岩体的力学参数,供设计和稳定性分析所用。
4、采用工程地质分析法对非溢流坝段的稳定性进行了定性的分析;应用刚体极限平衡法对大坝建成后的非溢流坝进行了抗滑稳定计算;并利用FLAC3D数值模拟软件对非流溢坝在建成并蓄水后最危险工况下的应力与变形进行了模拟分析。研究结果表明,非溢流坝与地基整体稳定,数值模拟与解析计算取得了一致的结论。
5、根据调查和稳定分析的结果,对坝基的薄弱环节提出了一系列相应的处理措施,且均已被该工程采用,该工程已运行一年多未发现任何渗漏现象。
Rock mass is the constituent part of geologic body,and is the product of long geological development history.Because the geological environment where the rock mass of dam foundation locates is complex in the water conservancy project constructs,moreover,it is under certain crustal stress and seepage function all the time, therefore,the question of dam rock mechanics becomes more and more complex relatively,and study on the whole stability of dam and foundation under the complex condition appears extremely important. In this dissertation,taking non-overflow dam section of some hydro-junction project as the object of study,using investigation, theoretical analysis,analytical calculation and value simulation etc.research techniques,and combining theory of rock mechanics with the project practice closely,it has launched the study on overall stability of non-overflow dam sections and the foundation,and proposed corresponding processing measures of dam foundation which solved difficult problems in enterprise produce,and has carried on beneficial discussions to quality evaluation methods of rock mass.
The main researches are as follows:
1、It has conducted the detailed investigation and study on the engineering geology and hydrology geology of the studied area,analyzed detailedly stratum,lithology,geologic structure characteristic of dam site area,and has carried on the weathering zoning to dam foundation rock mass.
2、It conducted the detailed research to the rock quality of dam foundation,taking rock intensity、weathering characteristic、complete coefficient、rock mass quality index and ground water as the primary factors,on the base of applying three kinds of graduation methods to appraise rock mass quality,and proposed a new method of rock mass quality appraisal---synthesis graduation method,and has carried on the stable appraisal using the synthesis graduation result to the dam foundation rock mass.
3、On the basis of the indoor tests of rock physics mechanical , according to own characteristic of rock mass of dam site area,it used certain project attenuation method to ascertain the mechanics parameter of dam foundation rock mass used for design and stability analysis.
4、Using the engineering geology analytic method to carry on the qualitative analysis to the non-overflow dam section stability;and applying the rigid body limit equilibrium method to carry on the calculation of anti-slide stability of the non-overflow dam after it is constructed;and using FLAC3D value simulation software,it carries on simulation analysis and appraisal to the dam foundation stress and the dam distortion under the condition of the most dangerous operating mode after the non-overflowed dam section has been set up and stored water.The research result demonstrated that the whole non-overflow dam section is stable,and the consistent conclusion has obtained from both value simulation and analysis calculation.
5、According to the investigation and the stable analysis result,it put forward a series of corresponding processing measures used in this project to the weak links of dam foundation,and this project has been operated for more than a year and has no any leakage phenomenon.
主要研究如下:
1、对研究区的工程地质和水文地质进行了详细的调查研究,分析了坝址区的地层、岩性、地质构造特征,并对坝基岩体进行了风化分带。
2、对坝基岩体质量进行了详细的研究,采用岩石强度、风化特征、完整性系数、岩体质量指标及地下水为主要因素,在分别应用三种分级方法评价岩体质量的基础上,提出了一种岩体质量评价的新方法——综合分级方法,并利用综合分级结果对坝基岩体进行了稳定性评价。
3、在室内岩石物理力学试验的基础上,根据坝址区岩体的自身特点,采用一定的工程弱化方法确定了坝基岩体的力学参数,供设计和稳定性分析所用。
4、采用工程地质分析法对非溢流坝段的稳定性进行了定性的分析;应用刚体极限平衡法对大坝建成后的非溢流坝进行了抗滑稳定计算;并利用FLAC3D数值模拟软件对非流溢坝在建成并蓄水后最危险工况下的应力与变形进行了模拟分析。研究结果表明,非溢流坝与地基整体稳定,数值模拟与解析计算取得了一致的结论。
5、根据调查和稳定分析的结果,对坝基的薄弱环节提出了一系列相应的处理措施,且均已被该工程采用,该工程已运行一年多未发现任何渗漏现象。
Rock mass is the constituent part of geologic body,and is the product of long geological development history.Because the geological environment where the rock mass of dam foundation locates is complex in the water conservancy project constructs,moreover,it is under certain crustal stress and seepage function all the time, therefore,the question of dam rock mechanics becomes more and more complex relatively,and study on the whole stability of dam and foundation under the complex condition appears extremely important. In this dissertation,taking non-overflow dam section of some hydro-junction project as the object of study,using investigation, theoretical analysis,analytical calculation and value simulation etc.research techniques,and combining theory of rock mechanics with the project practice closely,it has launched the study on overall stability of non-overflow dam sections and the foundation,and proposed corresponding processing measures of dam foundation which solved difficult problems in enterprise produce,and has carried on beneficial discussions to quality evaluation methods of rock mass.
The main researches are as follows:
1、It has conducted the detailed investigation and study on the engineering geology and hydrology geology of the studied area,analyzed detailedly stratum,lithology,geologic structure characteristic of dam site area,and has carried on the weathering zoning to dam foundation rock mass.
2、It conducted the detailed research to the rock quality of dam foundation,taking rock intensity、weathering characteristic、complete coefficient、rock mass quality index and ground water as the primary factors,on the base of applying three kinds of graduation methods to appraise rock mass quality,and proposed a new method of rock mass quality appraisal---synthesis graduation method,and has carried on the stable appraisal using the synthesis graduation result to the dam foundation rock mass.
3、On the basis of the indoor tests of rock physics mechanical , according to own characteristic of rock mass of dam site area,it used certain project attenuation method to ascertain the mechanics parameter of dam foundation rock mass used for design and stability analysis.
4、Using the engineering geology analytic method to carry on the qualitative analysis to the non-overflow dam section stability;and applying the rigid body limit equilibrium method to carry on the calculation of anti-slide stability of the non-overflow dam after it is constructed;and using FLAC3D value simulation software,it carries on simulation analysis and appraisal to the dam foundation stress and the dam distortion under the condition of the most dangerous operating mode after the non-overflowed dam section has been set up and stored water.The research result demonstrated that the whole non-overflow dam section is stable,and the consistent conclusion has obtained from both value simulation and analysis calculation.
5、According to the investigation and the stable analysis result,it put forward a series of corresponding processing measures used in this project to the weak links of dam foundation,and this project has been operated for more than a year and has no any leakage phenomenon.
引文
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[3] American Society of Civil Engineers.Foundation for dams[C]//Asilomar Conference Grounds Pacific Grove California.New Yerk:American Society of civil Engineers,1974:17-21
[4] KIERSCH G A.Vaiont reservoir disaster[J].CIVIL Engng,1964,34:32-39
[5]王仁坤,林鹏,周维坦.复杂地基上高拱坝开裂与稳定研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):1951-1958
[6] Terzaghi K.Rock defects and load on tunnel support.In:Proctor R V,White T,editor.Rock tunneling with steel supports.Youngstown,OH:Commercial Shearing Co.,1964.p.15-99
[7] Deere D.U.,Miller R.P.Engineering classification and index properties for intact rocks.Technical Report No.AFNL-TR-65-116,Air Force Weapons Laboratory,New Mexico,1966
[8] Deere D.U.Technical description of rock cores for engineering purposes.Rock Mech.& Engng.Geol.,1964,1:17-22
[9]徐光黎.岩石地下工程岩体质量评价综述[J].工程地质,1999(3):14-18
[10] Bieniawski Z T . Engineering classification of jointed rock masses. Trans.S.Afr.Inst.Civ.Eng.,1973,15(12):335-344
[11] Bieniawski Z T.Classification of rock masses for engineering:the RMR system and future trends.In:Hudson J A,editor.Comprehensive rock engineering,vol.3.UK:Pergamon Press;1993,p.553-573
[12] Bieniawski Z T.Rock masses classification in Rock engineering.In:Bieniawski ZT,editor.Proceedings f the Symposium on Exploration for Rock engineering,vol.1.Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema;1976.p.97-106
[13] Bieniawski Z T.Engineering rock masses classifications:a complete manual for engineers ang geologists in mining,civil and petroleum engineering.New York:Wiley,1989.p.215.
[14] Barton N.,Lien R.,Lunde J.Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support.J.Rock andMech.,1974,6(4):189-236
[15] Barton N Some new Q-value correlations to assist in site characterization and tunnel design.Int.J.Rock Mech.&Min.Sci.Geomech.Abstr.,2002,39(2):185-216.
[16] Hoek E.Srength of rock and rock masses.ISRM New Journal,1994,2(2):4-16
[17] Hoek E,Marinos P,Benissi M.Applicability of the geological strength index(GSI) classification for very weak and sheared rock masses The case of Athens Schist Formation.Bull Eng Geol Env,1998,57:151-160
[18] Hoek E.,Brown E T.Practical estimates of rock mass strength.Int.J.Rock Mech. & Min.Sci.Geomech.Abstr.,1997,34(8):1165-1186
[19] Palmstr￠m A.Characterizing rock masses by the RMi for use in practical rock engineering,Part 1:the development of the rock mass index(RMi).Tunnelling Undergronud Space Technol.,1996;11(2):175-188
[20] Palmstr￠m A.RMi-a rock mass characterization system for rock engineering purposes.PhD thesis,University of Oslo,Norway,1995.
[21]中华人民共和国国家标准.水利水电工程地质勘察规范(GB50287-99))[S].北京:.中国计划出版社,1999
[22]中华人民共和国国家标准.工程岩体分级标准(GB50218-94)[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1994
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