城市污水生物强化处理短时曝气试验研究
|
摘要
针对我国大部分南方污水处理厂进水浓度远低于设计值，不仅降低处理效率，而且浪费能耗的问题，我们在武汉市水质净化厂进行了城市污水生物强化处理的短时曝气试验研究。
试验是生产性正交试验。在考察和分析了影响系统反应的各个因素之后，确定了该厂的进水水泵台数和曝气池内活性污泥浓度两个试验的因子，并分别确定了两个因子的三个水平。
在试验的前期准备工作阶段，课题组调查了武汉市水质净化厂的运行现状，了解了该厂的水质特征并据此确定试验的取样时间，还通过进行污泥排放及增长试验掌握了调控活性污泥系统的方法。
正交试验的九个周期的每个周期分为系统运行稳定和水质检测两个阶段。水质检测阶段分别取进水浓度分别为低、中、高三个时段的曝气池的进水和二沉池的出水进行检测，进水检测COD、BOD、SS、TN和TP，出水分别检测COD、BOD、SS、氨氮和磷酸盐。试验分析采用COD去除率作为评价指标，其余作为判断出水是否达标的指标。
试验确定武汉市水质净化厂的最佳工况点为进水水泵是3台，活性污泥浓度是1600mg／L。本文最后对该厂的运行提出建议并进行了分析。
In order to solve the problem that the inlet concentration in mostly south wastewater treatment plant is below the outlet concentration, we make our bioaugmenting short-time aeration experiment in Wuhan Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) .
The experiment is full-scale orthogonal experiment. Have reviewed and analyzed every complication that affect system reaction, the amount of inlet pump and the concentration of activated sludge in aeration tank been confirmed as two experiment complications, three levels of these two complications have been confirmed respectively too.
At the stage of arranged, task group investigated present condition in WWTP, found out the characteristics of contaminants in this plant and made out the sampling time. Moreover, we hold the method that adjust and control the activated sludge system by means of making sludge discharge and grow experiment.
Every cycle of orthogonal experiment is divided into two phase as stabilization and chemical test. In the phase of chemical test, inlet of aeration tank and discharge of secondary sedimentation tank been tested at the time that the raw water concentration are low, middle and high. The inlet test COD,BOD,SS,TN and TP, the discharge test COD,BOD,SS, ammonia nitrogen and phosphate. Experiment analysis adopt the removal percentage of COD as evaluating indicator, others to estimate whether the discharge reach standard.
The experiment educe that the optimal working point of WWTP is 3 pumps and activated sludge concentration is 1600mg/L. Advice on running of WWTP also been put forward finally in this paper.
试验是生产性正交试验。在考察和分析了影响系统反应的各个因素之后，确定了该厂的进水水泵台数和曝气池内活性污泥浓度两个试验的因子，并分别确定了两个因子的三个水平。
在试验的前期准备工作阶段，课题组调查了武汉市水质净化厂的运行现状，了解了该厂的水质特征并据此确定试验的取样时间，还通过进行污泥排放及增长试验掌握了调控活性污泥系统的方法。
正交试验的九个周期的每个周期分为系统运行稳定和水质检测两个阶段。水质检测阶段分别取进水浓度分别为低、中、高三个时段的曝气池的进水和二沉池的出水进行检测，进水检测COD、BOD、SS、TN和TP，出水分别检测COD、BOD、SS、氨氮和磷酸盐。试验分析采用COD去除率作为评价指标，其余作为判断出水是否达标的指标。
试验确定武汉市水质净化厂的最佳工况点为进水水泵是3台，活性污泥浓度是1600mg／L。本文最后对该厂的运行提出建议并进行了分析。
In order to solve the problem that the inlet concentration in mostly south wastewater treatment plant is below the outlet concentration, we make our bioaugmenting short-time aeration experiment in Wuhan Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) .
The experiment is full-scale orthogonal experiment. Have reviewed and analyzed every complication that affect system reaction, the amount of inlet pump and the concentration of activated sludge in aeration tank been confirmed as two experiment complications, three levels of these two complications have been confirmed respectively too.
At the stage of arranged, task group investigated present condition in WWTP, found out the characteristics of contaminants in this plant and made out the sampling time. Moreover, we hold the method that adjust and control the activated sludge system by means of making sludge discharge and grow experiment.
Every cycle of orthogonal experiment is divided into two phase as stabilization and chemical test. In the phase of chemical test, inlet of aeration tank and discharge of secondary sedimentation tank been tested at the time that the raw water concentration are low, middle and high. The inlet test COD,BOD,SS,TN and TP, the discharge test COD,BOD,SS, ammonia nitrogen and phosphate. Experiment analysis adopt the removal percentage of COD as evaluating indicator, others to estimate whether the discharge reach standard.
The experiment educe that the optimal working point of WWTP is 3 pumps and activated sludge concentration is 1600mg/L. Advice on running of WWTP also been put forward finally in this paper.
引文
[1] 《污水综合捧放标准》(GB8978—1996)
[2] 《城市污水处理及污染防治技术政策》中华人民共和国建设部，国家环保总局，科技部．2000
[3] 张自杰等．排水工程(下册，第三版)．中国建筑工业出版社．1995．6
[4] 国家环保局，《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会．水和废水监测分析方法(第三版)．中国环境科学出版社．1989，5
[5] 李燕城．水处理实验技术．中国建筑工业出版社．1989，7
[6] 张统．间歇式活性污泥法污水处理技术及工程实例．北京：化学工业出版社．2002，4
[7] 徐根良．废水控制及治理工程．浙江大学出版社．2001．7
[8] 王凯军，贾立敏．城市污水生物处理新技术开发与应用．北京：化学工业出版社．2001，10
[9] 徐亚同，黄民生．废水生物处理的运行管理与异常对策．北京：化学工业出版社．2003，1
[10] 严煦世．水和废水技术研究．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1992
[11] 周克钊．生物／化学(BC)法处理城市污水研究．中国给水排水．Vol．16 NO．10 2000
[12] 蒋展鹏，尤作亮，师绍琪．城市污水强化一级处理新工艺——活化污泥法．中国给水排水．Vol．15 NO．12 1999
[13] 师绍琪，袁琳，蒋展鹏．生活污水生物絮凝吸附强化一级处理的研究．中国给水排水．Vol．14 NO．2 1998
[14] 尤作亮，蒋展鹏，祝万鹏．城市污水强化一级处理的研究进展．中国给水排水．Vol．14 NO．5 1998
[15] 尤作亮，蒋展鹏，师绍琪．回流污泥强化城市生活污水一级处理的研究．给水排水．Vol．25 NO．4 1999
[16] 周世辉．城市污水强化一级处理的研究现状．云南环境科学．Vol．19 NO．3 2000
[17] 邱慎初．化学强化一级处理(CEPT)技术．中国给水排水．Vol．16 NO．1 2000
[18] 黄树辉，黄曼舒．短时直接曝气——过滤法处理生活污水．工业用水与废水．NO．3 2002
[19] 沈玉梅，宋和平．化学强化一级处理法(CEPT)及其研究方向．环境污染与防治．Vol．22 NO．2 2000
[20] 刘洋，陈双基，刘建国．生物强化技术在废水处理中的应用．环境污染治理技术与设备．Vol．3 NO．5 2002
[21] 张翔凌．CEPT—SBR法在旅游类生活污水处理中的应用．给水排水．Vol．28 NO．8 2002
[22] 郑兴灿，张悦，陈立．化学—生物联合絮凝的污水强化一级处理工艺．中国给水排水．Vol．16 NO．7 2000
[23] 雷萍，郭爱莲，张志杰．焦化废水降解的生物强化条件研究．西北大学学报．Vol．16 NO．7 2000
[24] 姜应和，张发根，叶舟．武汉市城市污水水质特征及其处理对策．武汉理工大学学报．Vol．24 NO．5 2000
[25] 邵林广．南方城市污水处理工艺的选择．给水排水．Vol，26 NO．6 2000
[26] 张永吉．降低污水曝气耗氧量的途径和方法．给水排水．Vol．26 NO．5 2000
[27] 杨开，康健雄，张永波．微生物絮凝剂用于污水强化一级处理．中国给水排水．Vol．18 NO．2 2002
[28] 栾兆坤，张锦华，孔凡铭．适于城镇污水处理的强化絮凝工艺．中国给水排水．Vol．18 NO．1 2002
[29] 尤作亮，蒋展鹏，师绍琪．强化去除率在强化一级处理效果评价中的应用．中国给水排水．NO．8 1999
[30] 任沽，王闯，邵志刚．上海合流污水物化法强化一级处理的中试研究．给水排水．Vol．25NO．9 1999
[31] 周世辉，师绍琪，蒋展鹏．城市生活污水强化一级处理中絮凝剂的选择研究．给水排水．Vol．25 NO．11 1999
[32] 尤作亮，蒋展鹏，师绍琪．强化一级处理污泥的吸附性能研究．环境科学．NO．7 1999
[33] 姜应和，李玲玲．混凝法强化城市污水厂一级处理的实验研究．中国给水排水．Vol．16 NO．3 2000
[34] 邵林广．南方城市污水处理厂实际运行水质远小于设计值的原因及其对策．给水排水．Vol．25 NO．2 1999
[35] 邵林广．城市污水处理中初沉池的设置．给水排水．Vol．27 NO．9 1999
[36] 刘杏，邵林广，张丽芳．生物絮凝剂的研究现状及发展趋势．孝感学院学报．Vol．21 NO．6 2001
[37] 田志梅．传统活性污泥法工艺改造的探讨．江苏环境科技．Vol．15 NO．3 2002
[38] 黄甦，刘瑾．传统活性污泥工艺运行方式的改进．中国给水捧水．Vol．16 NO．1 2000
[39] 张小玲，王志盈，彭党聪等．低溶解氧下活性污泥法的短程硝化研究．中国给水排水．Vol．19 NO．7 2003
[40] 屈计宁，高廷耀，周增炎．关于活性污泥法若干关键参数的讨论．同济大学学报．Vol．26 NO．6 1998
[41] 江树志．关于影响活性污泥沉降因素及设计沉淀池应注意问题的研究．沈阳教育学院学报．Vol．1 NO．2 1999
[42] 姚毅．活性污泥的表面特性与其沉降脱水性能的关系．中国给水排水．Vol．12 NO．1 1996
[43] 王翠萍．活性污泥法处理污水的原理及影响因素．山西建筑．Vol．28 NO．8 2002
[44] 程明锋，王增田．活性污泥法在实际应用中易出现的问题及对策．内蒙古环境保护．Vol．14 NO．3 2002
[45] 陈玉叶，丁大勇．用污泥沉降比指导活性污泥法运行的探讨．水资源保护．NO．1 2004
[46] 许葆玖．当代给水与废水处理原理讲义．清华大学出版社．1983
[47] 张自杰，周帆．活性污泥生物学与反应动力学．中国环境科学出版社．1989
[48] 姜同川．正交试验设计．山东科学技术出版社．1985，4
[49] 关颖男，施大德．试验设计方法入门．冶金工业出版社．1985，10
[50] H.H.Hahn,E.Hoffmann,A.Kleinschmidt and R.Klute Upgrading a Large Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant by a Combination of Biological and Chemical Processes Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.22, No.7-8, pp.105～112, 1992
[51] A.Kraft and C.ESeyfried Advanced Wastewater Treatment by Means of Dry Bed Filters;Semi-Technical Test Results;Experiences on a Large-Technical Scale and Results Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.23, Kyoto, pp.1793～1801, 1991
[52] J.Coma,A.Jabbouri,A.Grasmick and S.Elmaleh Intensive Primary Treatment of Urban Wastewater Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.24, No.7, pp.217～222, 1991
[53] M.Imura,E.Suzuki and T.Kitao Advanced Treatment of Domestic Wastewater Using Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge Process Wat, Sci. Tech. Vol.28, No.10, pp.267～274, 1993
[54] S.R.Guiot,K.Tawfiki-Hajji and ELepine Immobilization Strategies for bioaugmentation of anaerobic Reactors Treating Phenolic Compounds Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.42, No.5～6, pp.245～250, 2000
[55] G.T.Daigger and D.S.Parker Enhancing Nitrification in North American Activated Sludge Plants Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.41, No.9, pp.97～105, 2000
[56] H.degaard Advanced Compact Wastewater Treatment Based on Coagulation and moving Bed Biofilm Processes Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.42, No.12, pp.33～48, 2000
[57] H.Tsuno,I.Somiya and T.Hidaka Advanced Treatment of Sewage by Pre-coagulation and biofilm process Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.43, No.1, pp.327～334, 2001
[58] E.Choi,H.Park and D.Rhu Phosphorus Removal from SBR with Controlled denitrification for Weak Sewage Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.43, No.3, pp.159～165, 2001
[59] E.T.Yoong and P.A.Lant Biodegradation of High Strength Phenolic Wastewater Using SBR Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.43, No.3, pp.299～306, 2001
[60] Coma J, Jabbouri A, Grasmick A. Intensive Primary Treatment of Urban Wastewater Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.24, No.7, pp.217～222, 1991
[61] H.H.Hahn,E.Hoffmann,A.Kleinschm-idt Upgrading a Large Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant by a Combination of Biological and Chemical processes Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.22, No.7～8, pp.105～112, 1990
[62] Degaard.H Norwegian Experiences with Chemical Treatment of Raw Water Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.25, No.12, pp.255～264, 1992
[63] Tang S.L. Strategic Sewage Disposal in Hong Kong Proceeding of the 22nd WEDC Conference on Reaching the Unreached:Challenges for the 21st Century, India,1996,p.244～247
[64] Bouchez,T. Successful and unsuccessful bioaugmentation experiments monitored by fluorescent in situ hybridization Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.41, No.12, pp.61～68, 2000
[65] Odegaard H,Skrovseth A F An evaluation of performance and process stability of different processes for small wastewater treatment Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.39, No.8, pp.119～127, 1999
[2] 《城市污水处理及污染防治技术政策》中华人民共和国建设部，国家环保总局，科技部．2000
[3] 张自杰等．排水工程(下册，第三版)．中国建筑工业出版社．1995．6
[4] 国家环保局，《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会．水和废水监测分析方法(第三版)．中国环境科学出版社．1989，5
[5] 李燕城．水处理实验技术．中国建筑工业出版社．1989，7
[6] 张统．间歇式活性污泥法污水处理技术及工程实例．北京：化学工业出版社．2002，4
[7] 徐根良．废水控制及治理工程．浙江大学出版社．2001．7
[8] 王凯军，贾立敏．城市污水生物处理新技术开发与应用．北京：化学工业出版社．2001，10
[9] 徐亚同，黄民生．废水生物处理的运行管理与异常对策．北京：化学工业出版社．2003，1
[10] 严煦世．水和废水技术研究．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1992
[11] 周克钊．生物／化学(BC)法处理城市污水研究．中国给水排水．Vol．16 NO．10 2000
[12] 蒋展鹏，尤作亮，师绍琪．城市污水强化一级处理新工艺——活化污泥法．中国给水排水．Vol．15 NO．12 1999
[13] 师绍琪，袁琳，蒋展鹏．生活污水生物絮凝吸附强化一级处理的研究．中国给水排水．Vol．14 NO．2 1998
[14] 尤作亮，蒋展鹏，祝万鹏．城市污水强化一级处理的研究进展．中国给水排水．Vol．14 NO．5 1998
[15] 尤作亮，蒋展鹏，师绍琪．回流污泥强化城市生活污水一级处理的研究．给水排水．Vol．25 NO．4 1999
[16] 周世辉．城市污水强化一级处理的研究现状．云南环境科学．Vol．19 NO．3 2000
[17] 邱慎初．化学强化一级处理(CEPT)技术．中国给水排水．Vol．16 NO．1 2000
[18] 黄树辉，黄曼舒．短时直接曝气——过滤法处理生活污水．工业用水与废水．NO．3 2002
[19] 沈玉梅，宋和平．化学强化一级处理法(CEPT)及其研究方向．环境污染与防治．Vol．22 NO．2 2000
[20] 刘洋，陈双基，刘建国．生物强化技术在废水处理中的应用．环境污染治理技术与设备．Vol．3 NO．5 2002
[21] 张翔凌．CEPT—SBR法在旅游类生活污水处理中的应用．给水排水．Vol．28 NO．8 2002
[22] 郑兴灿，张悦，陈立．化学—生物联合絮凝的污水强化一级处理工艺．中国给水排水．Vol．16 NO．7 2000
[23] 雷萍，郭爱莲，张志杰．焦化废水降解的生物强化条件研究．西北大学学报．Vol．16 NO．7 2000
[24] 姜应和，张发根，叶舟．武汉市城市污水水质特征及其处理对策．武汉理工大学学报．Vol．24 NO．5 2000
[25] 邵林广．南方城市污水处理工艺的选择．给水排水．Vol，26 NO．6 2000
[26] 张永吉．降低污水曝气耗氧量的途径和方法．给水排水．Vol．26 NO．5 2000
[27] 杨开，康健雄，张永波．微生物絮凝剂用于污水强化一级处理．中国给水排水．Vol．18 NO．2 2002
[28] 栾兆坤，张锦华，孔凡铭．适于城镇污水处理的强化絮凝工艺．中国给水排水．Vol．18 NO．1 2002
[29] 尤作亮，蒋展鹏，师绍琪．强化去除率在强化一级处理效果评价中的应用．中国给水排水．NO．8 1999
[30] 任沽，王闯，邵志刚．上海合流污水物化法强化一级处理的中试研究．给水排水．Vol．25NO．9 1999
[31] 周世辉，师绍琪，蒋展鹏．城市生活污水强化一级处理中絮凝剂的选择研究．给水排水．Vol．25 NO．11 1999
[32] 尤作亮，蒋展鹏，师绍琪．强化一级处理污泥的吸附性能研究．环境科学．NO．7 1999
[33] 姜应和，李玲玲．混凝法强化城市污水厂一级处理的实验研究．中国给水排水．Vol．16 NO．3 2000
[34] 邵林广．南方城市污水处理厂实际运行水质远小于设计值的原因及其对策．给水排水．Vol．25 NO．2 1999
[35] 邵林广．城市污水处理中初沉池的设置．给水排水．Vol．27 NO．9 1999
[36] 刘杏，邵林广，张丽芳．生物絮凝剂的研究现状及发展趋势．孝感学院学报．Vol．21 NO．6 2001
[37] 田志梅．传统活性污泥法工艺改造的探讨．江苏环境科技．Vol．15 NO．3 2002
[38] 黄甦，刘瑾．传统活性污泥工艺运行方式的改进．中国给水捧水．Vol．16 NO．1 2000
[39] 张小玲，王志盈，彭党聪等．低溶解氧下活性污泥法的短程硝化研究．中国给水排水．Vol．19 NO．7 2003
[40] 屈计宁，高廷耀，周增炎．关于活性污泥法若干关键参数的讨论．同济大学学报．Vol．26 NO．6 1998
[41] 江树志．关于影响活性污泥沉降因素及设计沉淀池应注意问题的研究．沈阳教育学院学报．Vol．1 NO．2 1999
[42] 姚毅．活性污泥的表面特性与其沉降脱水性能的关系．中国给水排水．Vol．12 NO．1 1996
[43] 王翠萍．活性污泥法处理污水的原理及影响因素．山西建筑．Vol．28 NO．8 2002
[44] 程明锋，王增田．活性污泥法在实际应用中易出现的问题及对策．内蒙古环境保护．Vol．14 NO．3 2002
[45] 陈玉叶，丁大勇．用污泥沉降比指导活性污泥法运行的探讨．水资源保护．NO．1 2004
[46] 许葆玖．当代给水与废水处理原理讲义．清华大学出版社．1983
[47] 张自杰，周帆．活性污泥生物学与反应动力学．中国环境科学出版社．1989
[48] 姜同川．正交试验设计．山东科学技术出版社．1985，4
[49] 关颖男，施大德．试验设计方法入门．冶金工业出版社．1985，10
[50] H.H.Hahn,E.Hoffmann,A.Kleinschmidt and R.Klute Upgrading a Large Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant by a Combination of Biological and Chemical Processes Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.22, No.7-8, pp.105～112, 1992
[51] A.Kraft and C.ESeyfried Advanced Wastewater Treatment by Means of Dry Bed Filters;Semi-Technical Test Results;Experiences on a Large-Technical Scale and Results Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.23, Kyoto, pp.1793～1801, 1991
[52] J.Coma,A.Jabbouri,A.Grasmick and S.Elmaleh Intensive Primary Treatment of Urban Wastewater Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.24, No.7, pp.217～222, 1991
[53] M.Imura,E.Suzuki and T.Kitao Advanced Treatment of Domestic Wastewater Using Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge Process Wat, Sci. Tech. Vol.28, No.10, pp.267～274, 1993
[54] S.R.Guiot,K.Tawfiki-Hajji and ELepine Immobilization Strategies for bioaugmentation of anaerobic Reactors Treating Phenolic Compounds Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.42, No.5～6, pp.245～250, 2000
[55] G.T.Daigger and D.S.Parker Enhancing Nitrification in North American Activated Sludge Plants Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.41, No.9, pp.97～105, 2000
[56] H.degaard Advanced Compact Wastewater Treatment Based on Coagulation and moving Bed Biofilm Processes Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.42, No.12, pp.33～48, 2000
[57] H.Tsuno,I.Somiya and T.Hidaka Advanced Treatment of Sewage by Pre-coagulation and biofilm process Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.43, No.1, pp.327～334, 2001
[58] E.Choi,H.Park and D.Rhu Phosphorus Removal from SBR with Controlled denitrification for Weak Sewage Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.43, No.3, pp.159～165, 2001
[59] E.T.Yoong and P.A.Lant Biodegradation of High Strength Phenolic Wastewater Using SBR Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.43, No.3, pp.299～306, 2001
[60] Coma J, Jabbouri A, Grasmick A. Intensive Primary Treatment of Urban Wastewater Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.24, No.7, pp.217～222, 1991
[61] H.H.Hahn,E.Hoffmann,A.Kleinschm-idt Upgrading a Large Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant by a Combination of Biological and Chemical processes Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.22, No.7～8, pp.105～112, 1990
[62] Degaard.H Norwegian Experiences with Chemical Treatment of Raw Water Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.25, No.12, pp.255～264, 1992
[63] Tang S.L. Strategic Sewage Disposal in Hong Kong Proceeding of the 22nd WEDC Conference on Reaching the Unreached:Challenges for the 21st Century, India,1996,p.244～247
[64] Bouchez,T. Successful and unsuccessful bioaugmentation experiments monitored by fluorescent in situ hybridization Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.41, No.12, pp.61～68, 2000
[65] Odegaard H,Skrovseth A F An evaluation of performance and process stability of different processes for small wastewater treatment Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol.39, No.8, pp.119～127, 1999
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |