光散射信号统计规律及在尘埃粒子计数中的应用
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摘要
随着雾霾天气的增多,公众越来越关注空气中悬浮颗粒的污染,同时,科技的发展对洁净度的要求也越来越高,因此,对于悬浮颗粒的测量研究和尘埃粒子测量仪器的改进显得尤为重要。本文通过对典型光散射法颗粒粒径测量过程的分析,建立了光散射颗粒随机测量过程统计模型,结合随机脉冲信号的双参数分析方法,研究光散射信号特征量统计规律和统计自相似性,为光散射颗粒测量仪器的设计与优化提供理论指导。
根据本文光散射随机脉冲信号测量系统的特殊性,采用以幅度和宽度为基础参量的双参数法,并且从理论分析和数值模拟的角度研究了传感器的光场分布。通过分析光散射信号测量过程中各种独立随机因素,建立了光散射颗粒随机测量过程统计模型,推导得到光散射随机信号测量中对统计分布函数的约束关系,而以自然数为自变量的对数正态分布函数很好的满足该约束关系要求,为实验研究提供了理论指导。
基于实验测量,研究了同一光散射颗粒测量系统中的不同测量对象,如标准颗粒、空气中随机悬浮颗粒、本底噪声以及本底噪声不同性质特征量的统计分布规律。实验数据表明,在大样本和高精度条件下,光散射随机信号群的幅度、宽度、信号子集以及不同性质特征量的统计分布均能很稳定地服从以自然数为白变量的对数正态分布。通过卡方分布拟合检验和相关系数定量比较发现,在对测量结果的解释和评价方面,对数正态分布比正态分布更加精确,置信度更高,相关系数达到0.95以上,可接受显著水平高达0.995,实验结果与理论分析很好的吻合。
在研究不同测量对象统计规律的基础上,运用统计分形理论,推导得出不同物理量统计分布之间的非线性变换公式。从光散射信号统计分布的角度,发现了一种简单准确计算不同粒径范围随机颗粒分形维数的新方法。
最后,结合理论分析和实验研究,分别从照明系统、光敏区、背景噪声、探测系统和气路系统等方面对粒子计数器传感器进行了优化设计并获得发明专利授权。将对数正态分布应用到测量仪器计数通道优化中,节省了计数通道,可将传感器的测量范围扩大1/3；同时也应用到粒径分辨率优化中,相对于正态分布拟合粒径分辨率提高了9%。改进后的传感器在大流量的基础上计数效率和粒径分辨率等性能均达到国际水平,而且具有体积小,价格低和性能稳定等优点。
With the increase of hazy days, the public is paying more attention to the pollution of the micro-particles suspended in the air. Besides, with the development of science and technology, the requirements for cleanliness is becoming higher and more strict. Therefore, the study of suspended particles and its measuring instruments turns into an important research spot these days. In order to improve the laser scattering particle counter, this Ph.D thesis establishes an analysis model of light scattering particle random measuring process based on the analysis of the process of measuring the particle diameter by light scattering method. Combining with dual-parameter analysis of random pulse signal, this Ph.D thesis also studies the amount of statistical regularity and self-similarity which provides theoretical guidance for the design and optimization of the light scattering particle counter.
Firstly, this Ph.D thesis studies optical field distribution of sensor with theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. With the research on kinds of independent random factors using dual-parameter analysis method according to the basic parameters as amplitude and width, analysis model of light scattering particle random measuring process is proposed. Moreover, the nonlinear constraint relation on statistical distribution functions in light scattering particles random measuring process is derived. The results show lognormal distribution function with natural numbers as the independent variables satisfies the nonlinear constraint relation.
Then, in order to understand light scattering particle measuring system better, statistical distribution law of different measuring factors as standard particles, random air suspend particles, the background noise and different characteristics of background noise in the same light scattering particle measuring system are studied. The experimental results indicate that the amplitude and width distribution of light scattering random signal group, the distribution of signal subset and other statistical distribution of factors with different characteristics fit well with lognormal distribution function with natural numbers as the independent variables. Tested by chi-square distribution fitting and correlation coefficient, lognormal distribution is more accurate than normal distribution with a higher correlation coefficient of0.95and acceptable significant level of0.995. Besides, on the basis of studying statistical laws of different measuring factors, the nonlinear transformation relations between statistical distribution of different physical factors are deduced using statistical fractal theory which could simplify the calculation procedures of the fractal dimension of random particle.
Finally, combining with theoretical analysis and experimental research, based on the design of light scattering particle measuring sensor, lognormal distribution is applied to the optimization of measuring channels with1/3channels cutoff which could expand the measuring range of the sensor. moreover it is also used in the optimization of particle size resolution, and particle size resolution has increased by9%compared to normal distribution. Meanwhile, the light scattering particle measuring sensor is improved in many aspects as lighting system, the photosensitive area, background noise, detection system and gas system, etc. Besides, the invention patent authorization of the sensor is obtained. The systematic parameters as counting efficiency particle size resolution of the light scattering particle device have reached the requirements of international standards at the large flow measuring mode in practical measurement. Moreover, the measuring sensor has the advantages of small size, low cost and stable performance.
根据本文光散射随机脉冲信号测量系统的特殊性,采用以幅度和宽度为基础参量的双参数法,并且从理论分析和数值模拟的角度研究了传感器的光场分布。通过分析光散射信号测量过程中各种独立随机因素,建立了光散射颗粒随机测量过程统计模型,推导得到光散射随机信号测量中对统计分布函数的约束关系,而以自然数为自变量的对数正态分布函数很好的满足该约束关系要求,为实验研究提供了理论指导。
基于实验测量,研究了同一光散射颗粒测量系统中的不同测量对象,如标准颗粒、空气中随机悬浮颗粒、本底噪声以及本底噪声不同性质特征量的统计分布规律。实验数据表明,在大样本和高精度条件下,光散射随机信号群的幅度、宽度、信号子集以及不同性质特征量的统计分布均能很稳定地服从以自然数为白变量的对数正态分布。通过卡方分布拟合检验和相关系数定量比较发现,在对测量结果的解释和评价方面,对数正态分布比正态分布更加精确,置信度更高,相关系数达到0.95以上,可接受显著水平高达0.995,实验结果与理论分析很好的吻合。
在研究不同测量对象统计规律的基础上,运用统计分形理论,推导得出不同物理量统计分布之间的非线性变换公式。从光散射信号统计分布的角度,发现了一种简单准确计算不同粒径范围随机颗粒分形维数的新方法。
最后,结合理论分析和实验研究,分别从照明系统、光敏区、背景噪声、探测系统和气路系统等方面对粒子计数器传感器进行了优化设计并获得发明专利授权。将对数正态分布应用到测量仪器计数通道优化中,节省了计数通道,可将传感器的测量范围扩大1/3；同时也应用到粒径分辨率优化中,相对于正态分布拟合粒径分辨率提高了9%。改进后的传感器在大流量的基础上计数效率和粒径分辨率等性能均达到国际水平,而且具有体积小,价格低和性能稳定等优点。
With the increase of hazy days, the public is paying more attention to the pollution of the micro-particles suspended in the air. Besides, with the development of science and technology, the requirements for cleanliness is becoming higher and more strict. Therefore, the study of suspended particles and its measuring instruments turns into an important research spot these days. In order to improve the laser scattering particle counter, this Ph.D thesis establishes an analysis model of light scattering particle random measuring process based on the analysis of the process of measuring the particle diameter by light scattering method. Combining with dual-parameter analysis of random pulse signal, this Ph.D thesis also studies the amount of statistical regularity and self-similarity which provides theoretical guidance for the design and optimization of the light scattering particle counter.
Firstly, this Ph.D thesis studies optical field distribution of sensor with theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. With the research on kinds of independent random factors using dual-parameter analysis method according to the basic parameters as amplitude and width, analysis model of light scattering particle random measuring process is proposed. Moreover, the nonlinear constraint relation on statistical distribution functions in light scattering particles random measuring process is derived. The results show lognormal distribution function with natural numbers as the independent variables satisfies the nonlinear constraint relation.
Then, in order to understand light scattering particle measuring system better, statistical distribution law of different measuring factors as standard particles, random air suspend particles, the background noise and different characteristics of background noise in the same light scattering particle measuring system are studied. The experimental results indicate that the amplitude and width distribution of light scattering random signal group, the distribution of signal subset and other statistical distribution of factors with different characteristics fit well with lognormal distribution function with natural numbers as the independent variables. Tested by chi-square distribution fitting and correlation coefficient, lognormal distribution is more accurate than normal distribution with a higher correlation coefficient of0.95and acceptable significant level of0.995. Besides, on the basis of studying statistical laws of different measuring factors, the nonlinear transformation relations between statistical distribution of different physical factors are deduced using statistical fractal theory which could simplify the calculation procedures of the fractal dimension of random particle.
Finally, combining with theoretical analysis and experimental research, based on the design of light scattering particle measuring sensor, lognormal distribution is applied to the optimization of measuring channels with1/3channels cutoff which could expand the measuring range of the sensor. moreover it is also used in the optimization of particle size resolution, and particle size resolution has increased by9%compared to normal distribution. Meanwhile, the light scattering particle measuring sensor is improved in many aspects as lighting system, the photosensitive area, background noise, detection system and gas system, etc. Besides, the invention patent authorization of the sensor is obtained. The systematic parameters as counting efficiency particle size resolution of the light scattering particle device have reached the requirements of international standards at the large flow measuring mode in practical measurement. Moreover, the measuring sensor has the advantages of small size, low cost and stable performance.
引文
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