面向小区间干扰抑制的蜂窝网络优化关键技术研究
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摘要
网络优化是在蜂窝网络运营过程中,根据外部环境如无线传播条件、业务量分布、用户分布、用户行为特性(潮汐迁移等)、设备运行状态等的变化,对蜂窝网络的资源或参数进行重配置,使得网络与外部环境相适配,从而保证蜂窝网络持续、稳定地提供用户所需的各种移动通信服务。TD-SCDMA是我国拥有自主知识产权的第三代移动通信技术标准,已在我国大规模建设并运营,但是其网络优化技术尚不成熟。TD-SCDMA网络的小区间干扰较强,已经成为影响其性能的一个主要因素。本学位论文中,我们研究了扰码分配、频率分配和覆盖优化这三个面向小区间干扰抑制的蜂窝网络优化关键技术。
本文系统地研究了TD-SCDMA网络的扰码分配问题。首先给出小区间干扰的模型,反映了TD-SCDMA物理层的干扰产生机制、小区间的无线传播条件以及小区内的业务量分布(用户分布),从而使得小区间干扰能够被准确、合理地度量。详细讨论了TD-SCDMA系统的复值扩频码的定义、数学表达、互相关函数的性质。定义了扰码族,提出并证明了族内扰码的干扰等效性定理。基于该定理,我们将扰码分配问题分解为扰码族分配和族中扰码挑选两个子问题,使计算复杂度较原问题大大降低。将扰码族分配子问题建模为0-1二次规划问题并进行求解。对族中扰码挑选子问题,证明了挑选方案的存在性,并提出了一种贪婪算法进行求解。此外,还给出了基于网络实测数据计算干信比矩阵的具体方法,使得该研究具有工程实用性。数值计算结果表明,我们的算法能够更好地抑制小区间干扰。
对于频率分配,我们着重研究了基于数据融合的干扰矩阵生成算法。干扰矩阵是频率分配的依据,而生成干扰矩阵的数据源都是信息不完整的。我们提出用测量报告(Measurement Report, MR)数据和路测扫频(Drive Test, DT)数据两种数据源融合,得到包含现网完整信息的新数据源,使生成的干扰矩阵能够完整准确地反映所有小区间潜在的干扰强度。我们提出了载干比谱廓的概念,用载干比谱廓作为地理位置“指纹”,将DT数据提供的载干比谱廓进行聚类,从而把小区覆盖区域分为若干特征区域。再根据MR数据的采集原理使用多元线性回归分析实现MR数据与DT数据的按特征区域匹配,得到了两者的关联模型。基于该关联模型,我们提出了两种数据融合的方法。第一种数据融合是将MR数据中遗漏的强干扰源,利用匹配的DT数据进行补充。第二种方法是用MR数据反映的业务量分布对DT数据进行整形,使得DT数据在特征区域的数量分布与业务量分布一致。将融合后的数据与现网采集的MR数据和DT数据进行对比可以发现,融合后数据包含的信息更完整,可以生成更准确的干扰矩阵。该算法已经集成进商用网络优化软件,并在浙江三城市进行了现网改频,取得了良好的效果。
对关系到用户接入和服务质量的广播信道(如导频)信号覆盖,我们提出了基于合作波束赋形的多扇区覆盖联合优化模型。在保证保护带扇区不出现新的不良覆盖的约束下,通过待优化域中扇区的联合波束赋形来消除待优化域内的不良覆盖,并最小化待优化域扇区的发射功率和,以减小对网络中其他区域的干扰。进一步地,我们给出了基于扇区覆盖范围更新和联合波束赋形的启发式算法,通过待优化域扇区与保护带扇区覆盖范围的合理划分与更新,保证了算法的收敛性。数值计算结果表明,与联合调整功率方法可能达到的最好覆盖效果相比,利用阵列天线方向选择性和多扇区联合波束赋形能够获得更高的载干噪比和更小的基站发射功率。
Network optimization is to reconfigure resources and parameters of a cellular network according to the external environment, such as radio propagation conditions, traffic distri-bution, user distribution, user behavior characteristics (e.g. tidal migration) and equipment running status. It ensures that the cellular network can continuously and stably provide a variety of mobile communication services to the users. TD-SCDMA is the third gen-eration mobile communication technology standard proposed by China, and a large-scale TD-SCDMA network has being operating in Chinese mainland. However, its network op-timization technology is not yet mature. The inter-cell interference in TD-SCDMA net-works is a serious problem and has become one of the main factors affecting network performance. In this dissertation, three key cellular network optimization techniques for inter-cell interference suppression are investigated, including scrambling code assignment, frequency assignment and coverage optimization.
The scrambling code assignment (SCA) in TD-SCDMA is systematically studied. A proper inter-cell interference model is first established, where interference generation mechanism in the physical layer, radio propagation conditions and traffic distributions all are taken into consideration so that the interference is accurately modeled. Then the defi-nition and mathematical formation of complex-valued spreading code, as well as its cross correlation functions are discussed in detail. Furthermore, a concept of scrambling code family is proposed and the Interference Equivalence Theorem is proved. Based on the the-orem, SCA problem can be simplified into two subproblems, including scrambling code family assignment (SCFA) and scrambling code selection (SCS), whose computational complexities are much less than that of the original problem. The SCFA problem is mod-eled as a0-1quadratic programming and then solved. As to SCS, the existence of the solution is proved and a greedy algorithm is proposed to solve this subproblem. Besides, a method of calculating the interference-to-signal ratio (ISR) matrix from the measurement report data is developed to ensure that the algorithm is applicable to a practical network. Numerical results show that our algorithm can achieve a much lower inter-cell interference than those of the existing algorithms.
For frequency assignment (FA), our research focus is on the generation of interference matrix (IM) because IM is the basis of FA. IM is employed to describe the potential inter-ference intensity between any two cells in a cellular network, so that its accuracy has direct influence on the performance of FA. Unfortunately, neither measurement report (MR) data nor drive test (DT) data, which are the data used to generate a IM, contains complete net-work information. In order to generate a more accurate IM, our idea is to make a data fusion from MR data and DT data to obtain a new data containing complete network information. A concept of Carrier-to-interference Spectrum (CIRS) is proposed, and then the coverage of a cell is split into several characteristic regions through clustering analysis of the CIRS derived from DT data. Multiple linear regression analysis is carried out, and the resulted regression model establishes an association between the MR data and DT data in every characteristic region. Based on this model, two data fusion algorithm are proposed. One is to reinforce MR data using the frequency-domain information of DT data. The other is to reshape DT data using the traffic distribution information extracted from MR data. Compared with the MR data and DT data measured from a practical network, the fused data indeed contains more complete information which validates the effectiveness of our algorithm. The algorithm has been integrated into a commercial network optimization soft-ware, and has been utilized for the FA in three cities of Zhejiang province. The results are quite satisfactory.
Good coverage of the common broadcasting signals (e.g. pilot) is the basis to provide seamless access. A novel coverage optimization model based on multi-sector joint beam-forming is proposed. In the model, poor coverage is eliminated through joint beamforming of several neighboring sectors in the "region to be optimized" under the constraint that no new poor coverage raises in the "region of first ring neighboring sectors", and the inter-ference to the surrounding sectors is minimized through minimization of the total transmit power. Furthermore, a heuristic algorithm is developed based on the iteration of sector coverage updating and antenna array excitation weights optimization. Compared with the existing joint power adjusting algorithm, our algorithm can achieve a much higher carrier-to-interference ratio with a much lower transmit pilot power.
本文系统地研究了TD-SCDMA网络的扰码分配问题。首先给出小区间干扰的模型,反映了TD-SCDMA物理层的干扰产生机制、小区间的无线传播条件以及小区内的业务量分布(用户分布),从而使得小区间干扰能够被准确、合理地度量。详细讨论了TD-SCDMA系统的复值扩频码的定义、数学表达、互相关函数的性质。定义了扰码族,提出并证明了族内扰码的干扰等效性定理。基于该定理,我们将扰码分配问题分解为扰码族分配和族中扰码挑选两个子问题,使计算复杂度较原问题大大降低。将扰码族分配子问题建模为0-1二次规划问题并进行求解。对族中扰码挑选子问题,证明了挑选方案的存在性,并提出了一种贪婪算法进行求解。此外,还给出了基于网络实测数据计算干信比矩阵的具体方法,使得该研究具有工程实用性。数值计算结果表明,我们的算法能够更好地抑制小区间干扰。
对于频率分配,我们着重研究了基于数据融合的干扰矩阵生成算法。干扰矩阵是频率分配的依据,而生成干扰矩阵的数据源都是信息不完整的。我们提出用测量报告(Measurement Report, MR)数据和路测扫频(Drive Test, DT)数据两种数据源融合,得到包含现网完整信息的新数据源,使生成的干扰矩阵能够完整准确地反映所有小区间潜在的干扰强度。我们提出了载干比谱廓的概念,用载干比谱廓作为地理位置“指纹”,将DT数据提供的载干比谱廓进行聚类,从而把小区覆盖区域分为若干特征区域。再根据MR数据的采集原理使用多元线性回归分析实现MR数据与DT数据的按特征区域匹配,得到了两者的关联模型。基于该关联模型,我们提出了两种数据融合的方法。第一种数据融合是将MR数据中遗漏的强干扰源,利用匹配的DT数据进行补充。第二种方法是用MR数据反映的业务量分布对DT数据进行整形,使得DT数据在特征区域的数量分布与业务量分布一致。将融合后的数据与现网采集的MR数据和DT数据进行对比可以发现,融合后数据包含的信息更完整,可以生成更准确的干扰矩阵。该算法已经集成进商用网络优化软件,并在浙江三城市进行了现网改频,取得了良好的效果。
对关系到用户接入和服务质量的广播信道(如导频)信号覆盖,我们提出了基于合作波束赋形的多扇区覆盖联合优化模型。在保证保护带扇区不出现新的不良覆盖的约束下,通过待优化域中扇区的联合波束赋形来消除待优化域内的不良覆盖,并最小化待优化域扇区的发射功率和,以减小对网络中其他区域的干扰。进一步地,我们给出了基于扇区覆盖范围更新和联合波束赋形的启发式算法,通过待优化域扇区与保护带扇区覆盖范围的合理划分与更新,保证了算法的收敛性。数值计算结果表明,与联合调整功率方法可能达到的最好覆盖效果相比,利用阵列天线方向选择性和多扇区联合波束赋形能够获得更高的载干噪比和更小的基站发射功率。
Network optimization is to reconfigure resources and parameters of a cellular network according to the external environment, such as radio propagation conditions, traffic distri-bution, user distribution, user behavior characteristics (e.g. tidal migration) and equipment running status. It ensures that the cellular network can continuously and stably provide a variety of mobile communication services to the users. TD-SCDMA is the third gen-eration mobile communication technology standard proposed by China, and a large-scale TD-SCDMA network has being operating in Chinese mainland. However, its network op-timization technology is not yet mature. The inter-cell interference in TD-SCDMA net-works is a serious problem and has become one of the main factors affecting network performance. In this dissertation, three key cellular network optimization techniques for inter-cell interference suppression are investigated, including scrambling code assignment, frequency assignment and coverage optimization.
The scrambling code assignment (SCA) in TD-SCDMA is systematically studied. A proper inter-cell interference model is first established, where interference generation mechanism in the physical layer, radio propagation conditions and traffic distributions all are taken into consideration so that the interference is accurately modeled. Then the defi-nition and mathematical formation of complex-valued spreading code, as well as its cross correlation functions are discussed in detail. Furthermore, a concept of scrambling code family is proposed and the Interference Equivalence Theorem is proved. Based on the the-orem, SCA problem can be simplified into two subproblems, including scrambling code family assignment (SCFA) and scrambling code selection (SCS), whose computational complexities are much less than that of the original problem. The SCFA problem is mod-eled as a0-1quadratic programming and then solved. As to SCS, the existence of the solution is proved and a greedy algorithm is proposed to solve this subproblem. Besides, a method of calculating the interference-to-signal ratio (ISR) matrix from the measurement report data is developed to ensure that the algorithm is applicable to a practical network. Numerical results show that our algorithm can achieve a much lower inter-cell interference than those of the existing algorithms.
For frequency assignment (FA), our research focus is on the generation of interference matrix (IM) because IM is the basis of FA. IM is employed to describe the potential inter-ference intensity between any two cells in a cellular network, so that its accuracy has direct influence on the performance of FA. Unfortunately, neither measurement report (MR) data nor drive test (DT) data, which are the data used to generate a IM, contains complete net-work information. In order to generate a more accurate IM, our idea is to make a data fusion from MR data and DT data to obtain a new data containing complete network information. A concept of Carrier-to-interference Spectrum (CIRS) is proposed, and then the coverage of a cell is split into several characteristic regions through clustering analysis of the CIRS derived from DT data. Multiple linear regression analysis is carried out, and the resulted regression model establishes an association between the MR data and DT data in every characteristic region. Based on this model, two data fusion algorithm are proposed. One is to reinforce MR data using the frequency-domain information of DT data. The other is to reshape DT data using the traffic distribution information extracted from MR data. Compared with the MR data and DT data measured from a practical network, the fused data indeed contains more complete information which validates the effectiveness of our algorithm. The algorithm has been integrated into a commercial network optimization soft-ware, and has been utilized for the FA in three cities of Zhejiang province. The results are quite satisfactory.
Good coverage of the common broadcasting signals (e.g. pilot) is the basis to provide seamless access. A novel coverage optimization model based on multi-sector joint beam-forming is proposed. In the model, poor coverage is eliminated through joint beamforming of several neighboring sectors in the "region to be optimized" under the constraint that no new poor coverage raises in the "region of first ring neighboring sectors", and the inter-ference to the surrounding sectors is minimized through minimization of the total transmit power. Furthermore, a heuristic algorithm is developed based on the iteration of sector coverage updating and antenna array excitation weights optimization. Compared with the existing joint power adjusting algorithm, our algorithm can achieve a much higher carrier-to-interference ratio with a much lower transmit pilot power.
引文
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