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苦瓜性别分化相关分子标记的研究
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摘要
苦瓜(Momordica charantia.L)是葫芦科苦瓜属的一年生蔓生植物,雌雄同株。苦瓜在全国广泛栽培,是一种重要的蔬菜,而且具有药用价值。
     目前,分子标记被广泛应用于植物的亲缘关系分析、种质鉴定、遗传图谱构建、目标基因定位、辅助育种等各个方面,但在苦瓜方面的应用较少。本试验采用随机扩增多态性DNA(Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA,RAPD)技术和简单重复间序列标记(inter-simple sequence repeat,ISSR)技术,研究与苦瓜性别连锁的分子标记。研究结果如下:
     1.用CTAB改良方法可以快速提取苦瓜基因组DNA,其浓度和纯度达到了RAPD和ISSR分子标记试验的要求。
     2.优化苦瓜RAPD体系,从200条随机引物中筛选出8条可能与性别连锁的RAPD标记。利用全雌、强雌和强雄个体进行验证,发现引物S30所扩增的约550bp的谱带和S66所扩增的约450bp的谱带在所有的全雌性个体都出现,而在所有强雌和强雄个体中都不出现,初步表明这两条是与雌性紧密连锁的RAPD分子标记。
     3.把RAPD雌性特异条带S30_(550)克隆转化为特异稳定的SCAR标记SR_(550),说明S30_(550)与苦瓜雌性基因连锁。
     4.利用ISSR技术进行苦瓜性别的研究,建立苦瓜ISSR-PCR反应体系,得到清晰的ISSR指纹图谱。
     5.从100条ISSR引物中筛选出7条可能与性别连锁的ISSR标记。利用全雌、强雌和强雄个体进行验证,发现引物807所扩增的约400bp的谱带、809所扩增的约900bp的谱带和810扩增的约1400bp的谱带在所有的全雌性个体都出现,而在所有强雌和强雄个体中都不出现,初步表明这可能是三条与雌性紧密连锁的ISSR分子标记。
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is a member of Cucurbiteae and an herbaceous trailing annual capable of spreading in all directions. It is a monoecious plant that is cultivated around the country and East Asia for its immature fruits with highly medicinal value.
     Molecular markers have been widely used in genetic relationship, genetic polymorphism , construction of genetic map , gene location, molecular markers assisted selection , and varieties identification in the vegetable researches and production, but there has been little research about bitter melon. This paper studied the molecular markers related to the sex differentiation of bitter melon with RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA) and ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat).The main results were as following:
     1. The genomic DNA of bitter melon with high concentration and purity could be obtained with the improved method of CTAB, which was good enough for RAPD and ISSR amplification. And the genomic DNA can be completely digested.
     2.RAPD markers linked to sex were selected by screening 200 primers. The marker amplified by S30 and S66 were present in all female individuals while absent from all male individuals. It showed that it was a marker closely linked to sex. This work will do great help on cloning sex-linked gene.
     3. Based on the S30_(550) sequence, a pair of primer P1 and P2 was designed, the marker of RAPD-S30_(550) was successfully converted into SCAR marker SR_(550). The result showed that S30_(550) was a female marker linked to sex.
     4. Study molecular markers linked to sex differentiation in bitter melon, we set up the system of ISSR-PCR.
     5. ISSR markers linked to sex were selected by screening 100 primers. The marker amplified by 807-400bp, 809-900bp and 810-1400bp were present in all female individuals while absent from all male individuals. It showed that there were three female markers closely linked to sex. This work will do great help on cloning sex-linked gene.
引文
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