湘江三汊矶自锚式悬索桥施工控制技术研究
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摘要
自锚式悬索桥以其优美的造型和对地形地质适应强等优点越来越受到工程界的青睐,尤其是在城市中小跨径桥梁中更是一种具有极强竞争力的方案。长沙市三汊矶大桥是亚洲第一跨径的双塔钢箱梁自锚式悬索桥,它首次采用了先顶推钢箱梁再架设主缆然后顶升钢箱梁、安装吊杆最后落梁成桥的施工方法,故该桥的施工控制存在跨度大、变形大、允许误差小等特点和难点。本文结合长沙市三汊矶大桥的施工控制,研究了钢箱梁自锚式悬索桥施工控制的理论和方法。主要内容如下:
(1)研究了自锚式悬索桥钢箱梁沿竖曲线顶推的线形控制方法。顶推出去的钢箱梁在重力作用下会引起末段梁段的转动及对末段支点的压缩,考虑将顶推平台上新拼装梁段按照刚体转动和刚体平动来进行定位,同时修正钢箱梁的制造误差和变形,关注钢箱梁在顶推过程中钢箱梁的应力水平、钢导梁的受力安全以及临时墩的结构稳定等问题,以此控制钢箱梁沿竖曲线顶推的线形和结构安全。
(2)研究了自锚式悬索桥基准索股定位的控制方法。基准索股安装时,温度、索鞍预偏量、索鞍预抛高等对其影响较大,本文探索诸多影响因素下基准索股线形的变化规律,提出了以弧长和跨度相对稳定的比值作为基准索股定位的控制方法,以此控制整个主缆索股线形。
(3)研究了自锚式悬索桥落梁成桥的控制方法。确定了钢箱梁的顶升高度和分级顶升方案,通过调整吊杆的竖向位移来改良吊杆的内力。针对顶升钢箱梁的逆施工——卸落钢箱梁到成桥,确定了落梁施工的步骤和各级落梁施工阶段下主索鞍的顶推量,以此确保体系转换的安全和顺利。
Self-anchored suspension bridges are increasingly appreciated by engineers for their merits such as aesthetic appearance and high adaptability to the land form and geology. It has become a more competitive design scheme in small and medium-span bridges in cities. Sanchaji Bridge is the largest span steel box girders self-anchored suspension bridges with twin towers with steel box girders in Asia at present, which lies in Changsha city, Hunan province. What’s more, it adopts a new construction method that thrusting the steel box girders, and then erecting the main cable system; lifting the steel box girders and installing the suspenders, finally, dumping the steel girders to bridge, so the construction control of this bridge has the following features and difficulties: large span, large deformation and small permissible error. Based on the construction control of Sanchaji Bridge in Changsha, the paper studied the theory and method of construction control in self-anchored suspension bridge with steel box girders. The main contends cover the following aspects:
(1) The paper studied the linear control method of pushing the steel box girders along the vertical curve. The top pushed steel box girders under the force of gravity would cause rotation of the end beam and compression of the end point, considering the new assembled beams on the pushing platform as a rigid-body rotation and movement to position, meanwhile, mending their manufacturing errors and deformations, and concerning about the stress level of the steel box girders, the safety of the steel guided beams and the structural stability of the temporary piers, etc. in the process of pushing the steel box girders, which would control the linear and the safety when it pushed the steel box girder along the vertical curve.
(2) The paper studied the control method of positioning the benchmark strands in self-anchored suspension bridge, as we know the linear of the benchmark strands would be much impacted by temperature, partial volume pre-saddles and saddle higher-parabolic, etc. The paper explored the changing law of benchmark stands linear under the effected of various factors, a method that the ratio of the length and span is relatively stable was raised to control the benchmark strands position, which would control the entire rope line.
(3) The paper studied the control method of dumping steel box girders in self-anchored suspension bridge. It ensured that the lifting height and grading program of lifting the steel box girders, and the suspenders vertical displacement by which could improve the internal forces of the suspenders. Lifting against steel girders the inverse construction -- dumping steel girder to bridge, it was certain that the steps of set-beam construction and the pushing quantity of the saddle under the levels-beam construction, which ensured the safety and smooth when the system was conversed.
(1)研究了自锚式悬索桥钢箱梁沿竖曲线顶推的线形控制方法。顶推出去的钢箱梁在重力作用下会引起末段梁段的转动及对末段支点的压缩,考虑将顶推平台上新拼装梁段按照刚体转动和刚体平动来进行定位,同时修正钢箱梁的制造误差和变形,关注钢箱梁在顶推过程中钢箱梁的应力水平、钢导梁的受力安全以及临时墩的结构稳定等问题,以此控制钢箱梁沿竖曲线顶推的线形和结构安全。
(2)研究了自锚式悬索桥基准索股定位的控制方法。基准索股安装时,温度、索鞍预偏量、索鞍预抛高等对其影响较大,本文探索诸多影响因素下基准索股线形的变化规律,提出了以弧长和跨度相对稳定的比值作为基准索股定位的控制方法,以此控制整个主缆索股线形。
(3)研究了自锚式悬索桥落梁成桥的控制方法。确定了钢箱梁的顶升高度和分级顶升方案,通过调整吊杆的竖向位移来改良吊杆的内力。针对顶升钢箱梁的逆施工——卸落钢箱梁到成桥,确定了落梁施工的步骤和各级落梁施工阶段下主索鞍的顶推量,以此确保体系转换的安全和顺利。
Self-anchored suspension bridges are increasingly appreciated by engineers for their merits such as aesthetic appearance and high adaptability to the land form and geology. It has become a more competitive design scheme in small and medium-span bridges in cities. Sanchaji Bridge is the largest span steel box girders self-anchored suspension bridges with twin towers with steel box girders in Asia at present, which lies in Changsha city, Hunan province. What’s more, it adopts a new construction method that thrusting the steel box girders, and then erecting the main cable system; lifting the steel box girders and installing the suspenders, finally, dumping the steel girders to bridge, so the construction control of this bridge has the following features and difficulties: large span, large deformation and small permissible error. Based on the construction control of Sanchaji Bridge in Changsha, the paper studied the theory and method of construction control in self-anchored suspension bridge with steel box girders. The main contends cover the following aspects:
(1) The paper studied the linear control method of pushing the steel box girders along the vertical curve. The top pushed steel box girders under the force of gravity would cause rotation of the end beam and compression of the end point, considering the new assembled beams on the pushing platform as a rigid-body rotation and movement to position, meanwhile, mending their manufacturing errors and deformations, and concerning about the stress level of the steel box girders, the safety of the steel guided beams and the structural stability of the temporary piers, etc. in the process of pushing the steel box girders, which would control the linear and the safety when it pushed the steel box girder along the vertical curve.
(2) The paper studied the control method of positioning the benchmark strands in self-anchored suspension bridge, as we know the linear of the benchmark strands would be much impacted by temperature, partial volume pre-saddles and saddle higher-parabolic, etc. The paper explored the changing law of benchmark stands linear under the effected of various factors, a method that the ratio of the length and span is relatively stable was raised to control the benchmark strands position, which would control the entire rope line.
(3) The paper studied the control method of dumping steel box girders in self-anchored suspension bridge. It ensured that the lifting height and grading program of lifting the steel box girders, and the suspenders vertical displacement by which could improve the internal forces of the suspenders. Lifting against steel girders the inverse construction -- dumping steel girder to bridge, it was certain that the steps of set-beam construction and the pushing quantity of the saddle under the levels-beam construction, which ensured the safety and smooth when the system was conversed.
引文
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[2] Bleich, H. Die Berechnung Verankerter Hangebrucken, Berlin, 1935
[3] Steinmain DB. A Practical Treatise on Suspension Bridge, Wiley.1928
[4] 楼庒鸿 . 自锚式悬索桥 [J]. 中外公路, 2002,( 6): 49-51
[5] 刘建新,胡兆同 . 大跨度吊桥 . 北京:人民交通出版社, 1996 年
[6] Pugsley A. Theoretical Analysis of Suspension Bridges. 2nd. Ed., 1968
[7] Steinmain DB. Theory of Arches and Suspension Bridge, Chicago.1913
[8] Timoshenko S. The Stiffness of Suspension Bridges. Trans. ASCE, Vol 94.1930
[9] Godard M.T. Rechereches Sur le Calcul de la resistance des tabliers des Ponts Suspends. Ann.Pants et Choussees, 1894
[10] 陈德荣 . 悬索桥综述 [Z]. 交通部公路科学研究所, 1993
[11] 颜娟 编译 . 自锚式悬索桥 [J]. 国外桥梁, 2002, No.1:19-22
[12] 铁道部大桥工程局桥梁科学研究所编 . 悬索桥 . 北京:科学技术文献出版社,1996.10
[13] 严国敏 . 现代悬索桥 . 北京 :人民交通出版社, 1999 年
[14] 周孟波 . 悬索桥设计手册 . 人民交通出版社, 2003.9
[15] 乔东祥 . 自锚式悬索桥建造概况介绍 . 公路工程与运输, 2004, 8
[16]张元凯,肖汝诚等.自锚式悬索桥概念设计[J].公路,2002,No.11:46-49
[17]吴会军.抚顺万新大桥施工控制.大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2005.3
[18]徐君兰主编.项海帆主审.大跨度桥梁施工控制[M].人民交通大学出版社,2002.8
[19]严伟飞.江山北关大桥的施工控制.大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2005.3
[20]杜蓬娟.PC斜拉桥施工过程控制理论研究.博士毕业论文,2003
[21]许汉铮,黄平明.大跨度悬索桥主缆锚跨力控制.长安大学学报,Vol.22No.5
[22]钱冬生,陈仁福编著.大跨悬索桥的设计与施工[M].西南交通大学出版社,1999
[23]魏建东,李月红.索力测量技术.中外公路,2001,8
[24]颜东煌.斜拉桥合理设计状态确定与施工控制.博士毕业论文,2001, 11
[25] 夏支贤,徐群丽,潘春风 . 曲线钢箱梁顶推施工计算分析 . 2006 钢桥科技论坛全国学术会议论文集. 2006,12
[26] 张洪俊 . SAP2000 桥梁结构分析应用方法与实例 [M]. 北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[27] 涂先行,李玉川等 . 变高度曲线连续箱梁顶推施工研究 . 2006 钢桥科技论坛全国学术会议论文集. 2006,12
[28] 王文雷,冯德飞等 .顶推法施工中钢箱梁在滑道处的局部应力分析 . 2006 钢桥科技论坛全国学术会议论文集 . 2006,12
[29] 吴皋,颜东煌,许红胜 . 大跨度桥梁钢箱梁拼接顶推施工过程线形控制的若干问题. 2006 钢桥科技论坛全国学术会议论文集. 2006,12
[30] John F Fleming. Nonlinear Static Analysis of Cable Stayed Bridges Structures. Computers&Structures.1979, 10
[31] 张国正 . 铁路悬索桥非线性分析及其承载能力研究 . 铁科院博士学位论文,1992
[32] 梁志广,齐岳,石观峰 . 杆系结构几何非线性分析方法的讨论 . 石家庄铁道学院学报,1997(9):55-60
[34] 华孝良,徐光辉主编 . 桥梁结构非线性分析 [M],人民交通出版社,1995
[35] 李 传 习 , 夏 桂 云 . 大 跨 度 桥 梁 结 构 计 算 理 论 . 人 民 交 通 出 版 社 ,2002.6
[36] 杜国华,毛昌时,司徒妙龄 . 桥梁结构分析 [M],同济大学出版社,2001
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