基于现有传感器的桥梁无线检测技术的研究
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摘要
桥梁作为国家基础设施的重要组成部分,在国民经济和社会生活中的作用越来越重要,人们对大型桥梁的安全性、耐久性及正常使用功能日益关注和重视。
随着世界范围内桥梁结构的检测、监测、损伤、老化、病害及事故等问题再次突出。尤其近期国内外桥梁接连发生重大事故,桥梁安全面临严重挑战。为确保桥梁的安全运营,应对桥梁进行科学的检测,现有的桥梁检测过程中均采用有线方式进行数据传输。此技术手段虽有数据传输效率高和技术成熟的优点,但在大跨度桥梁结构测试中,布线、撤线和安装费用高等问题尤为突出。桥梁无线测试系统采用无线通信手段替换有线传输链路部分,解决了上述问题,因此开展大型桥梁结构的无线检测技术的研究非常必要。
本论文结合桥梁结构测试技术、计算机技术、现代传感技术、无线通信技术及信号与系统技术,提出了桥梁无线测试系统的整体结构。桥梁无线测试系统主要由硬件和软件两大部分组成。硬件的系统结构由主站和若干副站组成,主站主要由控制中心子系统、数据传输子系统组成。副站主要由数据传输子系统、采集子系统组成。软件系统由主控程序、数据处理算法程序和单片机程序组成。
在数据采集子系统方面,开展了适用于桥梁静态测试常用的电阻应变式和振弦式传感器和动态测试常用的941B型拾振器的数据采集节点的研发工作,其具有单个采集节点控制多个传感器,实现单节点采集、存储和共有单个发射机进行数据传输特点。进行了对采集节点电源供应、相关电路、检测单元电路和信号处理的软硬件等进行设计、调试,最终集成了副站的无线数据采集节点。实验室的试验表明,所研发的静动态数据采集节点能够满足桥梁工程的测量精度。
在数据传输子系统方面,借鉴国际标准化组织的OSI七层通信协议标准,并考虑桥梁无线测试系统本身复杂程度的实际特点,分析其协议的有效性及无线传输可靠性,将无线通信的通信协议简化成三层,构筑独立的通信平台,而不是使用现有的无线通信模块或者现有的通信网络,提高了通信协议的传输效率、准确性和灵活性。
在控制中心子系统方面,进行了软件设计与编程工作,完成了单片机控制程序、主控程序、数据库程序及静动态数据后处理算法程序的设计、实现。
最后对所研发的桥梁无线测试系统进行了室内外试验验证,研究结果表明:所研发的无线测试系统,具有采集准确、精度高、传输可靠、操作简单和稳定性强等特点,能够完成对结构的静态应变、挠度及动态的加速度、速度信号测量。
As an important part of national infrastructure, bridge plays a more andmore important role in the national economy and social life. Now people paymore attention to safety, durability and normal function of large-scale bridges.
Examination, monitor, damage, aging, plant disease and accidents of thebridge structure are more prominent along with the world scope. Especiallyrecently, significant accidents have happened on many domestic and foreignbridges. The bridge safety faces serious challenge. In order to ensure the bridgesafety during service time, bridges should be scientifically tested. Bridges arepresently tested with wire data transmission. Although this technique is efficientand mature, for test of long span bridges, wire data transmission technique coststoo much time on wire setting and removing and its installation expense is high.The bridge wireless measurement system has solved the above problems, whichuses the wireless communication method to replace wire transmission. Thereforeit is essential to develop wireless examination technology for long span bridgestructure.
In this thesis, a bridge wireless measurement system is presented whichcombines bridge structure detection technique, computer technology, modernsensor technology, wireless communication and system technology. The wirelessmeasurement system consists of hardware and software. The hardware systemstructure is composed of a master station and several substations. The masterstation is composed of control center subsystem and data transmission subsystem.The substation is composed of data transmission subsystem and gatheringsubsystem. The software system consists of controlling, data and Single ChipMicyoco processing.
In data acquisition subsystem, the data collecting node of secondary stationapplying for the sensor of resistance strain, vibrating string and 941B typevibration sensor for bridge static and dynamic test is researched and exploited.Multiple sensors can be controlled by single collecting node and data of multiplesensors can be collected, stored by single collecting node and transmitted withsingle transmitting device. Software and hardware of power supporting, circuit and testing element circuit are designed and debugged for data collection nodeand finally integrated into wireless data collection module of secondary station.Experimental result shows that this static data collection module can meet therequirement of detection precision for bridge engineering.
In data transmission subsystem, wireless correspondence agreement isdesigned by drawing lessons from the OSI of ISO, considering complexity ofwireless measurement system for bridge. Its validity of agreement and stability oftransmission is analyzed. The independent communications platform isconstructed, but not using existing wireless communication module or existingcommunication network. Wireless communications are simplified into threeagreements to enhance the communication protocol of the transmission efficiency,accuracy and flexibility.
In control center subsystem, the software system is designed and realized,which includes design, realization and experiments of Single Chip Micyococontrol procedure, master control program, database procedure and wireless datapost-processing algorithmic routine.
Finally, the wireless measurement system is tested by indoors and outdoorsexperiments. The result of load experiment shows that the wireless measurementsystem is accurate, reliable, easily operational and stable. It is capable of fulfilldetection of structure static strain, deflection and dynamic acceleration, andspeed signal measurement.
随着世界范围内桥梁结构的检测、监测、损伤、老化、病害及事故等问题再次突出。尤其近期国内外桥梁接连发生重大事故,桥梁安全面临严重挑战。为确保桥梁的安全运营,应对桥梁进行科学的检测,现有的桥梁检测过程中均采用有线方式进行数据传输。此技术手段虽有数据传输效率高和技术成熟的优点,但在大跨度桥梁结构测试中,布线、撤线和安装费用高等问题尤为突出。桥梁无线测试系统采用无线通信手段替换有线传输链路部分,解决了上述问题,因此开展大型桥梁结构的无线检测技术的研究非常必要。
本论文结合桥梁结构测试技术、计算机技术、现代传感技术、无线通信技术及信号与系统技术,提出了桥梁无线测试系统的整体结构。桥梁无线测试系统主要由硬件和软件两大部分组成。硬件的系统结构由主站和若干副站组成,主站主要由控制中心子系统、数据传输子系统组成。副站主要由数据传输子系统、采集子系统组成。软件系统由主控程序、数据处理算法程序和单片机程序组成。
在数据采集子系统方面,开展了适用于桥梁静态测试常用的电阻应变式和振弦式传感器和动态测试常用的941B型拾振器的数据采集节点的研发工作,其具有单个采集节点控制多个传感器,实现单节点采集、存储和共有单个发射机进行数据传输特点。进行了对采集节点电源供应、相关电路、检测单元电路和信号处理的软硬件等进行设计、调试,最终集成了副站的无线数据采集节点。实验室的试验表明,所研发的静动态数据采集节点能够满足桥梁工程的测量精度。
在数据传输子系统方面,借鉴国际标准化组织的OSI七层通信协议标准,并考虑桥梁无线测试系统本身复杂程度的实际特点,分析其协议的有效性及无线传输可靠性,将无线通信的通信协议简化成三层,构筑独立的通信平台,而不是使用现有的无线通信模块或者现有的通信网络,提高了通信协议的传输效率、准确性和灵活性。
在控制中心子系统方面,进行了软件设计与编程工作,完成了单片机控制程序、主控程序、数据库程序及静动态数据后处理算法程序的设计、实现。
最后对所研发的桥梁无线测试系统进行了室内外试验验证,研究结果表明:所研发的无线测试系统,具有采集准确、精度高、传输可靠、操作简单和稳定性强等特点,能够完成对结构的静态应变、挠度及动态的加速度、速度信号测量。
As an important part of national infrastructure, bridge plays a more andmore important role in the national economy and social life. Now people paymore attention to safety, durability and normal function of large-scale bridges.
Examination, monitor, damage, aging, plant disease and accidents of thebridge structure are more prominent along with the world scope. Especiallyrecently, significant accidents have happened on many domestic and foreignbridges. The bridge safety faces serious challenge. In order to ensure the bridgesafety during service time, bridges should be scientifically tested. Bridges arepresently tested with wire data transmission. Although this technique is efficientand mature, for test of long span bridges, wire data transmission technique coststoo much time on wire setting and removing and its installation expense is high.The bridge wireless measurement system has solved the above problems, whichuses the wireless communication method to replace wire transmission. Thereforeit is essential to develop wireless examination technology for long span bridgestructure.
In this thesis, a bridge wireless measurement system is presented whichcombines bridge structure detection technique, computer technology, modernsensor technology, wireless communication and system technology. The wirelessmeasurement system consists of hardware and software. The hardware systemstructure is composed of a master station and several substations. The masterstation is composed of control center subsystem and data transmission subsystem.The substation is composed of data transmission subsystem and gatheringsubsystem. The software system consists of controlling, data and Single ChipMicyoco processing.
In data acquisition subsystem, the data collecting node of secondary stationapplying for the sensor of resistance strain, vibrating string and 941B typevibration sensor for bridge static and dynamic test is researched and exploited.Multiple sensors can be controlled by single collecting node and data of multiplesensors can be collected, stored by single collecting node and transmitted withsingle transmitting device. Software and hardware of power supporting, circuit and testing element circuit are designed and debugged for data collection nodeand finally integrated into wireless data collection module of secondary station.Experimental result shows that this static data collection module can meet therequirement of detection precision for bridge engineering.
In data transmission subsystem, wireless correspondence agreement isdesigned by drawing lessons from the OSI of ISO, considering complexity ofwireless measurement system for bridge. Its validity of agreement and stability oftransmission is analyzed. The independent communications platform isconstructed, but not using existing wireless communication module or existingcommunication network. Wireless communications are simplified into threeagreements to enhance the communication protocol of the transmission efficiency,accuracy and flexibility.
In control center subsystem, the software system is designed and realized,which includes design, realization and experiments of Single Chip Micyococontrol procedure, master control program, database procedure and wireless datapost-processing algorithmic routine.
Finally, the wireless measurement system is tested by indoors and outdoorsexperiments. The result of load experiment shows that the wireless measurementsystem is accurate, reliable, easily operational and stable. It is capable of fulfilldetection of structure static strain, deflection and dynamic acceleration, andspeed signal measurement.
引文
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