板式换热器热工性能测试及其数据处理方法的研究
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摘要
板式换热器具有传热系数高、投资成本低、配置方便等优点,被广泛应用于电力、化工、建筑、暖通等诸多行业。板式换热器是能量传递环节中的一个重要设备,它的热工性能决定设备容量的选择;它的阻力特性决定其传输设备(主要是循环泵)容量的选择,而且两者都关系到整体设备的投资与运行费用。因此这两个参数在设计板式换热器时是设计者必须准确掌握的重要参数,所以准确测量其特性参数是非常重要的。
板式换热器的产品很多,但是其热工性能指标却不是十分准确,而且有的计算结果存在明显的误差。因此本文针对板式换热器的热工性能测试及数据处理方法进行了深入研究。
板式换热器的热工性能测试方法主要有稳态法和瞬态法。目前稳态法应用比较广泛,主要有牛顿换热公式直接求得法、等雷诺数法、威尔逊法、等换热系数法、等流速法、修正威尔逊法和多参数优化拟合法等常用方法。而瞬态测试法应用较少,本文主要从测试条件和数据处理两个方面分析了稳态法的特点。
本文利用应用软件C++Builder开发出板式换热器的计算软件,实现了板式换热器从测试到公式拟合的全部自动化。该计算软件不仅计算界面友好而且操作简单方便,可以用作板式换热器测试的数据处理软件。
通过对板式换热器能效比及其Q/N曲线的研究,对板式换热器的换热能力及其换热的经济性作出了客观评价,对板式换热器的选型和实际运行的经济性提出了建议。
Plate heat exchangers are widely used for electricity, chemicals, construction, HVAC and many other industries as they are at advantage of high transmittance coefficient, low investment cost and convenient setting. Thermal performance of plate heat exchanger determines how to choose capability of equipment, while its pressure drop characteristics determines how to choose the transfers equipment (especial circle pump), and the two determine the investment and operating cost of integral equipments. Therefore the two parameters are the most important parameters to design plate heat exchanger. So it is important to test characteristic parameters of plate heat exchanger accurately.
There are many kinds of plate heat exchangers in the market, but their heat performance is always unaccurately even some errors. Therefore, the testing heat performance and data process for plate heat exchanger are studied profoundly in the text.
There are two types of methods available in testing the heat exchangers, i.e. transient-state method and steady-state method. The transient-state method is hardly used because of its strict requirement on the testing instruments and conditions. Whereas, the steady-state method is widely used in testing thermal performance of plate heat exchangers, such as Newton heat transfer method, equal Reynolds Number method, equal velocity method, E.E.Wilson method, modified E.E.Wilson method, equal heat transfer coefficient method and multiparameter optimization fitting method etc. In the paper, the steady-state method is carefully analyzed form testing condition and data process.
The calculation software for plate heat exchanger was developed with application software C++Builder, then the process form testing to calculation can be achieved automatically by computer. This calculation software can be used to calculate the testing data of plate heat exchanger not only its friendly interface but also easy operation.
Based on the study on energy efficiency ratio and Q/N curve, the objective evaluation on the heat excahge capability and economical efficiency for plate heat exchanger are given, some advice is proposed about selection and running in practice.
板式换热器的产品很多,但是其热工性能指标却不是十分准确,而且有的计算结果存在明显的误差。因此本文针对板式换热器的热工性能测试及数据处理方法进行了深入研究。
板式换热器的热工性能测试方法主要有稳态法和瞬态法。目前稳态法应用比较广泛,主要有牛顿换热公式直接求得法、等雷诺数法、威尔逊法、等换热系数法、等流速法、修正威尔逊法和多参数优化拟合法等常用方法。而瞬态测试法应用较少,本文主要从测试条件和数据处理两个方面分析了稳态法的特点。
本文利用应用软件C++Builder开发出板式换热器的计算软件,实现了板式换热器从测试到公式拟合的全部自动化。该计算软件不仅计算界面友好而且操作简单方便,可以用作板式换热器测试的数据处理软件。
通过对板式换热器能效比及其Q/N曲线的研究,对板式换热器的换热能力及其换热的经济性作出了客观评价,对板式换热器的选型和实际运行的经济性提出了建议。
Plate heat exchangers are widely used for electricity, chemicals, construction, HVAC and many other industries as they are at advantage of high transmittance coefficient, low investment cost and convenient setting. Thermal performance of plate heat exchanger determines how to choose capability of equipment, while its pressure drop characteristics determines how to choose the transfers equipment (especial circle pump), and the two determine the investment and operating cost of integral equipments. Therefore the two parameters are the most important parameters to design plate heat exchanger. So it is important to test characteristic parameters of plate heat exchanger accurately.
There are many kinds of plate heat exchangers in the market, but their heat performance is always unaccurately even some errors. Therefore, the testing heat performance and data process for plate heat exchanger are studied profoundly in the text.
There are two types of methods available in testing the heat exchangers, i.e. transient-state method and steady-state method. The transient-state method is hardly used because of its strict requirement on the testing instruments and conditions. Whereas, the steady-state method is widely used in testing thermal performance of plate heat exchangers, such as Newton heat transfer method, equal Reynolds Number method, equal velocity method, E.E.Wilson method, modified E.E.Wilson method, equal heat transfer coefficient method and multiparameter optimization fitting method etc. In the paper, the steady-state method is carefully analyzed form testing condition and data process.
The calculation software for plate heat exchanger was developed with application software C++Builder, then the process form testing to calculation can be achieved automatically by computer. This calculation software can be used to calculate the testing data of plate heat exchanger not only its friendly interface but also easy operation.
Based on the study on energy efficiency ratio and Q/N curve, the objective evaluation on the heat excahge capability and economical efficiency for plate heat exchanger are given, some advice is proposed about selection and running in practice.
引文
1吉田敬堂.板式换热器的最新动向.株式会社日阪制作所技术室. 1980, 2:13~23
2 D.F.Clark.板式换热器的设计及发展现状.练纪译.国外技术.1974.3:13~23
3张垚.高效换热设备——板式换热器.化工设备与管道. 2005.1, 24(1):14~16
4冯小菲,蔡建林.影响板式换热器传热系数的因素.应用能源技术. 2003.6, 84(6):32~33
5冯志良,常春梅.当代国外板式换热器摘萃.石油化工设备. 1999, 28(2)
6周明霞.国内外换热器技术进展. CPVT. 1995, 12(1):2~6
7 Xiufang Gao, Bengt Sunden. Heat transfer and pressure drop measurements in rib-roughened rectangular ducts. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 2001, (24):25~34
8 Reinhard Würfel,Nikolai Ostrowski. Experimental investigations of heat transfer and pressure drop during the condensation process within plate heat exchangers of the herringbone-type. International Journal of Thermal Sciences. 2004, (43):59~68
9 Jorge A.W. Gut,Jose M. Pinto. Optimal configuration design for plate heat exchangers. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2004, (47):4833~4848.
10 Lieke Wang, Bengt Sunden. Optimal design of plate heat exchangers with and without pressure drop specifications. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2003, (23):295~311
11蔡晓君,王利华,吕涛.板式换热器的结构及其应用.化工设备与管道. 2001, 38(4):14~16
12 K.S.N.Raju Jagdish Chard.评述板式换热器.王惠良译. Chem. Engng. 1980.11, 87(16):133~144
13王辉涛,甘零.板式换热器在空调工程中的应用及其分析.云南省设计院,1982:298~301
14 John B. Tonner, Steen Hinge, Carlos Legorreta. Plate heat exchangers thenew trend in thermal desalination. Desalination 1999, 125(5):243~249
15胡涛,宣益民,王式民等.换热器性能研究.能源研究与利用. 1998, 6:7~9
16 Olaf Strelow. A general calculation method for plate heat exchangers. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 2000, 39(6):645~658
17 R.K.Shah,R.I.Webb.Compact, Enhanced Heat Exchangers: Theory and Practice.Hemisphere, Washington.D.C., 1983:425~468
18 C.P. Ribeiro Jr., M.H. Ca-no Andrade. An algorithm for steady~state simulation of plate heat exchangers. Journal of Food Engineering 2002, 53(2):59~66
19 Flavio C.C. Galeazzo, RaquelY.Miura, Jorge A.W. Gut,Carmen C. Tadini. Experimental and numerical heat transfer in a plate heat exchanger. Chemical Engineering Science. 2006, 61(1):7133 ~7138
20 Roetzel, W. Das, S.K, Luo.X.. Measurement of heat exchanger coefficient in plate heat exchangers using a temperature oscillation technique. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer.1994, Suppl.1:325~331
21张海泉.板式换热器热工与阻力性能测试及计算方法研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2006:6~52
22史美中,王中铮.热交换器原理与设计.东南大学出版社, 1990:86~380
23欧阳新萍,吴国妹,刘宝兴.等流速法在板式换热器传热实验中的应用.动力工程. 2001.3, 21(3):1260~1262
24 D.E.Briggs, E.H. Young. Modified Wilson Plot Techniques for Abtaining Heat Transfer Corelations for Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers. Che. Eng. 1969, 65:20~23
25高青,卓宁.多参数优化拟合确定换热器冷、热流体换热规律的研究.吉林大学学报. 1991, 3(3):46~50
26詹宗勉,马幼周.分离热交换器传热系数的最优化方法.大连海运学院学报.1990, 19(4):115~124
27周海成.板式换热器的技术进展及其应用.压力容器.1996.2, 13(2):78~82
28杨崇麟.板式换热器工程设计手册.机械工业出版社, 1998:66~81
29 Kandlikar S.G, Shah R.K. Multipass Plate Heat Exchangers Effectiveness NTU Results and Guidelines for Selecting Pass Arrangement, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 1989, 11:30~313
30 Webb, R.L. Performance Evalation Criteria for Use of Enhanced Heat Transfer Surfaces in Heat Exchanger Design. Int.J, Heat Mass Tranfer. 1981, 24(4):507~519
31邹平华,陈阳,马最良等.供热板式换热器的性能实验分析.哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报. 1994.2, 27(1):47~51
32郭荣春.板式换热器测试系统研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2006:13~14
33 S. ROS, C. JALLUT, J. M. GRILLOT and M. AMBLARD. A transient-state Technique for the Heat Transfer Coefficient Measurement in a Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger Channel Based on Frequency Response and Residence Time Distribution. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 1994, 38:1713~1325
34欧阳新萍,陶乐仁.等雷诺数法在板式换热器传热实验中的应用.热能动工程. 1998, 13(74):118~130
35兰州石油机械研究所.换热器.北京:烃加工出版社, 1987 :382~421
36魏立万,李苏,赵亮.换热器传热准则方程式线形回归.石油化工与设备. 2005.34(3):32~35
37倪晓华,夏青,萧渊.板式换热器的换热与压降计算.流体机械. 2002, 30(3):22~25
38宫锡坤.板式换热器准数关联式的研究.沈阳化工. 1994, 3:48~50
39 D.Q.Kern. Process Heat Transfer. MacGraw-Hill Book Company, Ine, 1950
40 A.Bejan. General Criterion for Rating Heat Exchanger Performance. Int, J. Heat Mass Transfer. 1978, 21
41蔡祖恢.关于紧凑式换面放热性能测定方法的讨论.上海机械学院学报.1980.1:95~130
42张子慧.热工测量与自动控制.中国建筑工业出版社, 1996:22~50
43费业泰.误差理论与数据处理.机械工业出版社,第4版. 2001:20~121
44程宝华,李先瑞.板式换热器及换热装置技术应用手册.中国建筑工业出版社, 2005.1:33~35
45 .板式换热器的评价.石油化工设备. 1970, 77(4):65~68
46倪振伟,焦芝林,罗棣庵等.评价换热器热性能的三项指标. 1984, 5(4):387~389
47詹宗勉,袁金良,潘延龄.评价板式换热器传热及流阻综合性能的方法.工程热物理学报. 1992, 13(4):400~403
48 Das, S.K. and Roetzel, W. Energetic analysis of plate heat exchanger in presence of axial dispersion in fluid.Cryogenics.1995, 35:3~8
49 Sarit Kumar Das, Wilfried Roetzel. Second law analysis of a plate heat exchanger with an axial dispersive wave. Elsevier Science. PⅡ: S0011~2275(98)00074~5
50任承钦,彭美君.间接蒸发冷却式板式换热器的火用效率分析.工业加热. 2005. 34(3):7~10
51谭浩强. C语言程序设计.清华大学出版社, 2002.2:20~120
52刘光. C++Builder程序设计导学,清华大学出版社, 2002:1~150
53王小华. C++Builder编程技巧、经验与实例.人民邮电出版社, 2004.1:1~5
54程展鹏. Borland C++Builder6应用开发技术解析.清华大学出版社, 2003.10:1~15
55朱聘冠.换热器原理及计算.清华大学出版社, 1987:11~201
56范逸之,江文贤,陈立元. C++Builder与RS-232串行通信控制.清华大学出版社, 2002.6:1~50
57谭微微.人工免疫控制在电加热器测试装置中的应用研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2005:41~42
58 Jiang yongcheng, Tian xiangning, Han houben, Fan hongbo, Zhang hai-quan. Study and Improvement on Thermal Performance Testing of Plate Heat Exchanger. The 7th International Symposium on Test and Measurement (ISTM/2007), beijing, 2007
59 Wei Bin, Jiang Yongcheng, Han houben, Tian Xiangning. Study on Method for Testing Resistance Characteristics of Plate Heat Exchanger. The 7th International Symposium on Test and Measurement (ISTM/2007) , beijing, 2007.3.
60张子闲.论最小二乘法回归分析中的几个问题.河北水利水电技术. 2002, 5:15~17
2 D.F.Clark.板式换热器的设计及发展现状.练纪译.国外技术.1974.3:13~23
3张垚.高效换热设备——板式换热器.化工设备与管道. 2005.1, 24(1):14~16
4冯小菲,蔡建林.影响板式换热器传热系数的因素.应用能源技术. 2003.6, 84(6):32~33
5冯志良,常春梅.当代国外板式换热器摘萃.石油化工设备. 1999, 28(2)
6周明霞.国内外换热器技术进展. CPVT. 1995, 12(1):2~6
7 Xiufang Gao, Bengt Sunden. Heat transfer and pressure drop measurements in rib-roughened rectangular ducts. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 2001, (24):25~34
8 Reinhard Würfel,Nikolai Ostrowski. Experimental investigations of heat transfer and pressure drop during the condensation process within plate heat exchangers of the herringbone-type. International Journal of Thermal Sciences. 2004, (43):59~68
9 Jorge A.W. Gut,Jose M. Pinto. Optimal configuration design for plate heat exchangers. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2004, (47):4833~4848.
10 Lieke Wang, Bengt Sunden. Optimal design of plate heat exchangers with and without pressure drop specifications. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2003, (23):295~311
11蔡晓君,王利华,吕涛.板式换热器的结构及其应用.化工设备与管道. 2001, 38(4):14~16
12 K.S.N.Raju Jagdish Chard.评述板式换热器.王惠良译. Chem. Engng. 1980.11, 87(16):133~144
13王辉涛,甘零.板式换热器在空调工程中的应用及其分析.云南省设计院,1982:298~301
14 John B. Tonner, Steen Hinge, Carlos Legorreta. Plate heat exchangers thenew trend in thermal desalination. Desalination 1999, 125(5):243~249
15胡涛,宣益民,王式民等.换热器性能研究.能源研究与利用. 1998, 6:7~9
16 Olaf Strelow. A general calculation method for plate heat exchangers. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 2000, 39(6):645~658
17 R.K.Shah,R.I.Webb.Compact, Enhanced Heat Exchangers: Theory and Practice.Hemisphere, Washington.D.C., 1983:425~468
18 C.P. Ribeiro Jr., M.H. Ca-no Andrade. An algorithm for steady~state simulation of plate heat exchangers. Journal of Food Engineering 2002, 53(2):59~66
19 Flavio C.C. Galeazzo, RaquelY.Miura, Jorge A.W. Gut,Carmen C. Tadini. Experimental and numerical heat transfer in a plate heat exchanger. Chemical Engineering Science. 2006, 61(1):7133 ~7138
20 Roetzel, W. Das, S.K, Luo.X.. Measurement of heat exchanger coefficient in plate heat exchangers using a temperature oscillation technique. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer.1994, Suppl.1:325~331
21张海泉.板式换热器热工与阻力性能测试及计算方法研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2006:6~52
22史美中,王中铮.热交换器原理与设计.东南大学出版社, 1990:86~380
23欧阳新萍,吴国妹,刘宝兴.等流速法在板式换热器传热实验中的应用.动力工程. 2001.3, 21(3):1260~1262
24 D.E.Briggs, E.H. Young. Modified Wilson Plot Techniques for Abtaining Heat Transfer Corelations for Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers. Che. Eng. 1969, 65:20~23
25高青,卓宁.多参数优化拟合确定换热器冷、热流体换热规律的研究.吉林大学学报. 1991, 3(3):46~50
26詹宗勉,马幼周.分离热交换器传热系数的最优化方法.大连海运学院学报.1990, 19(4):115~124
27周海成.板式换热器的技术进展及其应用.压力容器.1996.2, 13(2):78~82
28杨崇麟.板式换热器工程设计手册.机械工业出版社, 1998:66~81
29 Kandlikar S.G, Shah R.K. Multipass Plate Heat Exchangers Effectiveness NTU Results and Guidelines for Selecting Pass Arrangement, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 1989, 11:30~313
30 Webb, R.L. Performance Evalation Criteria for Use of Enhanced Heat Transfer Surfaces in Heat Exchanger Design. Int.J, Heat Mass Tranfer. 1981, 24(4):507~519
31邹平华,陈阳,马最良等.供热板式换热器的性能实验分析.哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报. 1994.2, 27(1):47~51
32郭荣春.板式换热器测试系统研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2006:13~14
33 S. ROS, C. JALLUT, J. M. GRILLOT and M. AMBLARD. A transient-state Technique for the Heat Transfer Coefficient Measurement in a Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger Channel Based on Frequency Response and Residence Time Distribution. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 1994, 38:1713~1325
34欧阳新萍,陶乐仁.等雷诺数法在板式换热器传热实验中的应用.热能动工程. 1998, 13(74):118~130
35兰州石油机械研究所.换热器.北京:烃加工出版社, 1987 :382~421
36魏立万,李苏,赵亮.换热器传热准则方程式线形回归.石油化工与设备. 2005.34(3):32~35
37倪晓华,夏青,萧渊.板式换热器的换热与压降计算.流体机械. 2002, 30(3):22~25
38宫锡坤.板式换热器准数关联式的研究.沈阳化工. 1994, 3:48~50
39 D.Q.Kern. Process Heat Transfer. MacGraw-Hill Book Company, Ine, 1950
40 A.Bejan. General Criterion for Rating Heat Exchanger Performance. Int, J. Heat Mass Transfer. 1978, 21
41蔡祖恢.关于紧凑式换面放热性能测定方法的讨论.上海机械学院学报.1980.1:95~130
42张子慧.热工测量与自动控制.中国建筑工业出版社, 1996:22~50
43费业泰.误差理论与数据处理.机械工业出版社,第4版. 2001:20~121
44程宝华,李先瑞.板式换热器及换热装置技术应用手册.中国建筑工业出版社, 2005.1:33~35
45 .板式换热器的评价.石油化工设备. 1970, 77(4):65~68
46倪振伟,焦芝林,罗棣庵等.评价换热器热性能的三项指标. 1984, 5(4):387~389
47詹宗勉,袁金良,潘延龄.评价板式换热器传热及流阻综合性能的方法.工程热物理学报. 1992, 13(4):400~403
48 Das, S.K. and Roetzel, W. Energetic analysis of plate heat exchanger in presence of axial dispersion in fluid.Cryogenics.1995, 35:3~8
49 Sarit Kumar Das, Wilfried Roetzel. Second law analysis of a plate heat exchanger with an axial dispersive wave. Elsevier Science. PⅡ: S0011~2275(98)00074~5
50任承钦,彭美君.间接蒸发冷却式板式换热器的火用效率分析.工业加热. 2005. 34(3):7~10
51谭浩强. C语言程序设计.清华大学出版社, 2002.2:20~120
52刘光. C++Builder程序设计导学,清华大学出版社, 2002:1~150
53王小华. C++Builder编程技巧、经验与实例.人民邮电出版社, 2004.1:1~5
54程展鹏. Borland C++Builder6应用开发技术解析.清华大学出版社, 2003.10:1~15
55朱聘冠.换热器原理及计算.清华大学出版社, 1987:11~201
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