利用水钢工业废渣生产微晶玻璃的应用研究
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摘要
2007年,水城钢铁(集团)公司已达到产钢300万吨,钢材285万元的年生产能力,销售收入超过100亿元。计划在2010年前年产钢能力达到500万吨,销售收入达到200亿元;2007年9月,水钢作为西部钢铁加工基地已获国家批准,规划在盘县鸡场坪乡建设二期工程,钢生产能力为550万吨。目前,水钢每年要产生大量的固体废弃物,总量约270万吨,其中高炉炉渣160万吨、钢渣60万吨、粉煤灰40万吨、转炉污泥(干基)10万吨,在水钢两期技改工程完成后,固体废弃物总量将是现在的2.5倍。
水钢建厂以来,都对“三废”进行了不同程度的回收利用。特别是1995年以来,对这方面的投入最大。近年来,回收利用的品种及数量又有了新的增加和提高,除了水、煤气、中低压蒸汽等资源的再利用外,固体废弃物也进行了资源化回收利用:主要以回收铁素资源为主,同时从水渣、粉煤灰、转炉尾渣、转炉污泥中回收利用了CaO、Al_2O_3、MgO、SiO_2等非金属元素。但非金属元素回收利用总量未达到35万吨,利用率不足15%,综合利用率也仅为18.52%,与国内50%的综合利用率相比有较大差距,不仅在数量上,在资源化的技术水平上也远落后于国内一般水平。而国外的固体废弃物资源化利用起步早,技术先进,回收途径和渠道多,涉及领域宽,已发展成为一个成熟的产业(一个回收加工企业往往是跨多行业的集团),它与产生废弃物的企业形成了完整的产业链。发展至今,欧美、日本等国的回收利用率都在95%以上,不仅在发展的同时未破坏生态,而且资源利用率高,经济发展质量好,已形成良性循环。
随着科学发展观的进一步落实和循环经济发展的深化,国内已掀起了固体废弃物资源化利用的热潮,这不仅是国家宏观调控的成果,同时,也是企业在激烈的市场竞争中降低成本的必然选择,济钢等钢铁集团已在近几年摸索实践中取得了瞩目的成就,有的钢铁集团循环经济收益达到总利润的30%,而水钢还处于落后的水平。因此,我们有必要大力提高固体废弃物资源化利用的技术水平,探索新的应用领域、拓展新的发展渠道。利用水钢工业废渣生产微晶玻璃是其中一个课题,它的成功应用必将产生重大而深远的影响。
微晶玻璃内部结构即有结晶相,又有玻璃体,它集中了玻璃和陶瓷的优点,是一类新材料。它有光、电、热、磁等方面的优良特性,它的机械强度高、耐磨损、耐腐蚀、电绝缘性好、介电常数稳定、热稳定性好、耐高温、光泽质感好,广泛应用于航天、电力、电子、机械、生物医学、建筑、耐磨防腐等领域,目前,世界上已成功研制和应用了上千个品种,发展前景广阔。
本文通过总结水钢固体废弃物利用现状和分析水钢固体废弃物资源化利用的迫切需求,阐明了利用工业废渣生产微晶玻璃的必要性;探索了利用水钢产生的高炉矿渣、钢渣、粉煤灰生产矿渣微晶玻璃的技术可行性;对矿渣微晶玻璃的市场现状及前景进行了分析。并且对于水钢利用高炉矿渣等固体废弃物生产微晶玻璃所要解决的问题进行了剖析。
2007, Shuicheng Iron and Steel (Group) Company has reached 3 million tons of steel production, steel production capacity of 2.85 million yuan, sales income of more than 10 billion yuan. Plan in 2010 before an annual output of steel capacity of 5 million tons and sales revenue reached 20 billion yuan; September 2007, as the water of the western state iron and steel processing base has been approved, planning Pingxiang in Panxian farm building two projects, Steel production capacity of 5.5 million tons. At present, the water of steel per year to generate a lot of solid waste, the total amount of about 2.7 million tons, of which 1.6 million tons blast furnace slag, slag 600,000 tons, 400,000 tons of fly ash, converter sludge (dry) 100,000 tons, In the water of two technical transformation project is completed, the total solid waste is now 2.5 times.
Since the construction of water, are the "three wastes" of the different levels of recycling. In recent years, the recovery of the species and the number has increased and a new increase, in addition to water, gas, steam and other low pressure in the re-use of resources, solid waste is also a resource recycling: The main resources to recover ferrite Oriented, while water from the slag, fly ash, converter tailings, converter sludge recycling in the CaO, Al2O3, MgO, SiO2, and other non-metallic element. However, non-metallic element recycling does not meet the total 350,000 tons, less than 15 percent utilization rate, comprehensive utilization was only 18.52 percent, 50 percent of the domestic and comprehensive utilization rate greater than the gap, not only in quantity, in The skill level of resources is also far behind the national average. The foreign solid waste starting as early as the use of resources, advanced technologies, recycling means and channels, involved in wide areas, has developed into a mature industry (a recovery of processing enterprises is often more cross-industry Group), have abandoned it and Of the enterprise formed a complete industrial chain. Today, Europe and the United States, Japan and other countries in the utilization of the recovery of more than 95 percent, not only in the development of the destruction of ecology, resource utilization and high quality economic development, has formed a virtuous circle.
With the scientific concept of development and further implementation of the deepening cycle of economic development, China has set off a solid waste utilization of the resources boom, this is not only the results of national macro-control, at the same time, enterprises are also in fierce competition in the market to reduce the cost of Natural choice, such as iron and steel Jinan Iron and Steel Group has explored in recent years has been the practice of the achievements of attention, some Iron and Steel Group cycle of economic benefits to the total profits of 30 percent, while steel is still in the water level behind. Therefore, we need to greatly improve the solid waste of resources and the use of technology to explore new application areas and expand the development of new channels. The use of industrial waste water produced glass-ceramic is one of the issues, and its successful application will have a significant and far-reaching implications.
Glass-ceramic that is the internal structure of crystalline phase, there vitreous, which focused on the merits of glass and ceramic, is a kind of new materials. Its bright, electricity, heat, magnetic, and other aspects of the fine, its high mechanical strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, electrical insulation, and dielectric constant stability, good thermal stability, high temperature, shiny texture, and wide Used in aerospace, power, electronic, mechanical, biomedical, construction, anti-corrosion and other wear-resistant areas, at present, the world has successfully developed and applied the thousands of varieties, are broad prospects for development.
By summing up of solid waste, water use and analysis of the status quo of solid waste, water resources utilization of the urgent need to clarify the use of glass-ceramic production of industrial waste residue the necessity of exploring the use of water for the steel blast furnace slag, steel, powder PFA production of slag glass-ceramic technical feasibility of slag glass-ceramic market status and prospects of an analysis. And the use of water, such as blast furnace slag glass-ceramic production of solid waste that must be resolved in the analysis of the issue.
水钢建厂以来,都对“三废”进行了不同程度的回收利用。特别是1995年以来,对这方面的投入最大。近年来,回收利用的品种及数量又有了新的增加和提高,除了水、煤气、中低压蒸汽等资源的再利用外,固体废弃物也进行了资源化回收利用:主要以回收铁素资源为主,同时从水渣、粉煤灰、转炉尾渣、转炉污泥中回收利用了CaO、Al_2O_3、MgO、SiO_2等非金属元素。但非金属元素回收利用总量未达到35万吨,利用率不足15%,综合利用率也仅为18.52%,与国内50%的综合利用率相比有较大差距,不仅在数量上,在资源化的技术水平上也远落后于国内一般水平。而国外的固体废弃物资源化利用起步早,技术先进,回收途径和渠道多,涉及领域宽,已发展成为一个成熟的产业(一个回收加工企业往往是跨多行业的集团),它与产生废弃物的企业形成了完整的产业链。发展至今,欧美、日本等国的回收利用率都在95%以上,不仅在发展的同时未破坏生态,而且资源利用率高,经济发展质量好,已形成良性循环。
随着科学发展观的进一步落实和循环经济发展的深化,国内已掀起了固体废弃物资源化利用的热潮,这不仅是国家宏观调控的成果,同时,也是企业在激烈的市场竞争中降低成本的必然选择,济钢等钢铁集团已在近几年摸索实践中取得了瞩目的成就,有的钢铁集团循环经济收益达到总利润的30%,而水钢还处于落后的水平。因此,我们有必要大力提高固体废弃物资源化利用的技术水平,探索新的应用领域、拓展新的发展渠道。利用水钢工业废渣生产微晶玻璃是其中一个课题,它的成功应用必将产生重大而深远的影响。
微晶玻璃内部结构即有结晶相,又有玻璃体,它集中了玻璃和陶瓷的优点,是一类新材料。它有光、电、热、磁等方面的优良特性,它的机械强度高、耐磨损、耐腐蚀、电绝缘性好、介电常数稳定、热稳定性好、耐高温、光泽质感好,广泛应用于航天、电力、电子、机械、生物医学、建筑、耐磨防腐等领域,目前,世界上已成功研制和应用了上千个品种,发展前景广阔。
本文通过总结水钢固体废弃物利用现状和分析水钢固体废弃物资源化利用的迫切需求,阐明了利用工业废渣生产微晶玻璃的必要性;探索了利用水钢产生的高炉矿渣、钢渣、粉煤灰生产矿渣微晶玻璃的技术可行性;对矿渣微晶玻璃的市场现状及前景进行了分析。并且对于水钢利用高炉矿渣等固体废弃物生产微晶玻璃所要解决的问题进行了剖析。
2007, Shuicheng Iron and Steel (Group) Company has reached 3 million tons of steel production, steel production capacity of 2.85 million yuan, sales income of more than 10 billion yuan. Plan in 2010 before an annual output of steel capacity of 5 million tons and sales revenue reached 20 billion yuan; September 2007, as the water of the western state iron and steel processing base has been approved, planning Pingxiang in Panxian farm building two projects, Steel production capacity of 5.5 million tons. At present, the water of steel per year to generate a lot of solid waste, the total amount of about 2.7 million tons, of which 1.6 million tons blast furnace slag, slag 600,000 tons, 400,000 tons of fly ash, converter sludge (dry) 100,000 tons, In the water of two technical transformation project is completed, the total solid waste is now 2.5 times.
Since the construction of water, are the "three wastes" of the different levels of recycling. In recent years, the recovery of the species and the number has increased and a new increase, in addition to water, gas, steam and other low pressure in the re-use of resources, solid waste is also a resource recycling: The main resources to recover ferrite Oriented, while water from the slag, fly ash, converter tailings, converter sludge recycling in the CaO, Al2O3, MgO, SiO2, and other non-metallic element. However, non-metallic element recycling does not meet the total 350,000 tons, less than 15 percent utilization rate, comprehensive utilization was only 18.52 percent, 50 percent of the domestic and comprehensive utilization rate greater than the gap, not only in quantity, in The skill level of resources is also far behind the national average. The foreign solid waste starting as early as the use of resources, advanced technologies, recycling means and channels, involved in wide areas, has developed into a mature industry (a recovery of processing enterprises is often more cross-industry Group), have abandoned it and Of the enterprise formed a complete industrial chain. Today, Europe and the United States, Japan and other countries in the utilization of the recovery of more than 95 percent, not only in the development of the destruction of ecology, resource utilization and high quality economic development, has formed a virtuous circle.
With the scientific concept of development and further implementation of the deepening cycle of economic development, China has set off a solid waste utilization of the resources boom, this is not only the results of national macro-control, at the same time, enterprises are also in fierce competition in the market to reduce the cost of Natural choice, such as iron and steel Jinan Iron and Steel Group has explored in recent years has been the practice of the achievements of attention, some Iron and Steel Group cycle of economic benefits to the total profits of 30 percent, while steel is still in the water level behind. Therefore, we need to greatly improve the solid waste of resources and the use of technology to explore new application areas and expand the development of new channels. The use of industrial waste water produced glass-ceramic is one of the issues, and its successful application will have a significant and far-reaching implications.
Glass-ceramic that is the internal structure of crystalline phase, there vitreous, which focused on the merits of glass and ceramic, is a kind of new materials. Its bright, electricity, heat, magnetic, and other aspects of the fine, its high mechanical strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, electrical insulation, and dielectric constant stability, good thermal stability, high temperature, shiny texture, and wide Used in aerospace, power, electronic, mechanical, biomedical, construction, anti-corrosion and other wear-resistant areas, at present, the world has successfully developed and applied the thousands of varieties, are broad prospects for development.
By summing up of solid waste, water use and analysis of the status quo of solid waste, water resources utilization of the urgent need to clarify the use of glass-ceramic production of industrial waste residue the necessity of exploring the use of water for the steel blast furnace slag, steel, powder PFA production of slag glass-ceramic technical feasibility of slag glass-ceramic market status and prospects of an analysis. And the use of water, such as blast furnace slag glass-ceramic production of solid waste that must be resolved in the analysis of the issue.
引文
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[2]赵中一,赵丽华.固体废弃物处理技术现状[J].环境科学动态,2002(3):26-27.
[3]何水清.钢铁厂固体废物处理与利用[J].中国资源综合利用.2001(4):16-18.
[4]马军,邹真勤.国内外钢铁企业固体废弃物资源化利用及技术新进展[J].2006:1002-177904-0032-02.
[5]潘守芹.新型玻璃[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1992。
[6]曹文聪,杨树森等.普通硅酸盐工艺学[M].武汉:武汉工业大学出版社,1996.
[7]王雄,吴引淳.冶金炉渣资源化探讨[J].河南冶金,2006(9):21-24。
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