蓝牙个域网改型及芯片化实现技术研究
摘要
随着个人无线通信技术的发展,越来越多的消费类电子产品使用短距离无线通信技术作为无线接口进行数据交换,个人无线通信技术已经逐步深入到我们生活的各个角落,我们身边的这些电子产品就组成了无线个域网(WPAN)。现阶段WPAN使用最多最广泛的是蓝牙技术,本论文针对蓝习WPAN,从多个方面对其关键技术进行改型研究,以达到提高WPAN数据传输性能的目的；同时以设计改型的蓝牙SoC芯片为目标,将改型技术应用到芯片实现中去,并进行芯片化的工作。论文的主要工作包括：
首先,以组成蓝牙WPAN的基本元素蓝牙微微网为主要研究对象,建立了AWGN信道中的蓝牙微微网数据传输模型。根据蓝牙协议规定的数据收发机制、数据分组的结构纠检错算法和重传机制,分析了影响蓝牙微微网数据吞吐量性能的因素,推导了在AWGN信道中蓝牙微微网的数据吞吐量公式。
其次,根据影响蓝牙微微网数据吞吐量性能的因素,采用多种方法进行改型来提高其数据吞吐量性能。针对大功率噪声干扰情况,设计了大发射功率的改型蓝牙模块来提高数据通信中的信噪比来抵消噪声的影响；设计了多频段改型蓝牙模块,采用规避噪声干扰严重的频段来提高蓝牙微微网的数据吞吐量；提出使用MSK调制解调来替换原有的GFSK调制解调,利用MSK在小信噪比情况下的良好性能来改善蓝牙微微网的数据吞吐量性能。针对2/3FEC纠错算法的性能不足,提出使用BCH纠错编码来对原有技术进行改型,通过提高数据分组的纠错能力来达到目的。结合RSSI功能,通过设计更好的系统级软件来实现数据收发时的自适应分组选择算法,使蓝牙微微网始终处于最佳的收发状态,达到数据吞吐量的最大值。仿真和测试的结果证明,以上采用的方法都能有效的达到目的。
再次,为了提高WPAN的数据传输安全性能,分析蓝牙现有的安全机制,根据芯片设计实现的要求将实现方法划分为软件实现和硬件实现。针对硬件实现的数据加密采用的E0加密算法的不足,设计了两种方案来对其进行改型。其一是使用钟控互缩序列生成器对原有算法进行加固,这样可以将对原有加密算法进行攻击的线性复杂度从O(249)提高到O(268)；另一方案是对数据进行二次加密,在数据进入蓝牙处理流程之前,使用AES算法对其先进行一次加密,这样即使E0算法被破解,得到的也是AES的密文而不是原始数据。而对于安全性的提升,AES算法的加密级别毋庸置疑。
然后,本文从整体考虑WPAN的数据传输性能,数据传输安全性由底层蓝牙微微网提供,而WPAN的数据吞吐量并不完全由蓝牙微微网的数据吞吐量决定。本文建立了宏观的WPAN数据传输模型,推导出了WPAN数据吞吐量表达式,分析了影响其数据吞吐量性能的因素,证明蓝牙微微网采用的跳频算法的互相关性能在其中起主要作用。在分析了蓝牙现有跳频算法的互相关性能之后,提出了使用Safer+算法,AES算法和基于Chebyshev映射的混沌算法改型的三种跳频算法来对其进行替换来提高WPAN的数据吞吐量性能。仿真和测试都证明,改型的跳频算法可以有效的提高WPAN的数据吞吐量。
最后,在标准蓝牙基带IP的基础上,验证了将各种改型算法加入其中的可行性,并实现了改型的蓝牙基带IP设计,给出了数字版图和各种性能参数,并且通过测试和仿真验证证明了其功能的完备性。另外由于AES算法在改型研究中多次用到,本文专门针对便携移动设备的要求,设计实现了低功耗、低资源消耗的AESIP,并给出了数字版图,面积功耗等参数。
More and more electronic consumer products use wireless technology as their air interface and they make up of the Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) around us. Now the WPAN has made our life become convenient and interesting. Many short distant wireless technologies can be used in the WPAN, but the Bluetooth is used most widely now. This dissertation studied the Bluetooth-based WPAN mainly. In order to improve the data throughput and data safety of the WPAN, its key technologies were studied and some new algorithms or techniques were used in the WPAN. This dissertation also contains the content that designing the improved Bluetooth system-on-chip (SoC) integrated circuit and using the new algorithms or techniques in the IC. The main contents of the dissertation are following as:
First, the Bluetooth piconet is regard as the studied object. Then the model that the piconet transfers data in additive white gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is built up. After analyzing the structure of the Bluetooth data, data resent scheme and algorithms of error correct, the factor which decides the data throughput of Bluetooth piconet is found. And the function of Bluetooth piconet data throughput is deduced.
Second, the factor which decides the piconet throughput is the signal noise ratio (SNR) in the AWGN channel. After studying the factor, some schemes which improve the piconet throughput are given. When the power of noise is too high, two schemes can weaken the influence of noise. One is that the Bluetooth device raise its output power, the other is that the Bluetooth device works on other channel. The first scheme can increase the SNR to improve the throughput, the latter can avoid the worse SNR channel to get better throughput. When the SNR is smaller and we can't raise the output power, we replace the GFSK modulation by MSK modulation. In this condition MSK modulation has better character. The piconet which uses MSK can achieve better throughput. And we select BCH code to protect the data payload, it can correct more error than 2/3FEC. That is to say, BCH code can improve the throughput. At last, we get the adaptive data packet type selected algorithm. With the RSSI function, it can keep the piconet throughput hold the high-point. The simulation and test results prove all of the schemes are available.
Third, all the WPAN data safety is provided by Bluetooth piconet. The Bluetooth safety scheme is analyzed. It can be divide two parts. One is realized by software, the other is completed by hardware. This dissertation studies the hardware part mainly, it is data encrypt. Now the Bluetooth uses Eo to complete data stream encrypt, Eo is one of stream cipher and has many shortage. Two schemes are used to strengthen the encryption. One is that the shrinking generator is added in Eo, the other is that the data pay load is re-encrypt by AES. The shrinking generator can increase the linear complex of stream cipher from O(249) to O(68), and the AES encrypt is very powerful encrypt. So the two schemes can improve the data safety of WPAN.
Fourth, the macroscopical WPAN data throughput is studied, all piconets are regard as a whole and every piconet is one element of the WPAN. The WPAN data throughput model is built, and the function of WPAN throughput is deduced. The result is that the hamming correlation of Bluetooth frequency hopping (FH) sequence is the most important factor. After analyzing the existing Bluetooth FH algorithm, we use Safer+, AES and chaotic algorithm to rebuild it. The simulation and test results can improve that the new FH algorithm can increase the WPAN throughput.
Last, this dissertation designs the improved Bluetooth baseband IP with those schemes and algorithms, and gets the digital layout and parameters. The test and simulation results prove that the improved Bluetooth baseband IP has all designed functions. We also design the AES IP. The re-encrypt scheme and improved AES FH algorithm need it. It is suitable for the portable devices, and the power consumption could be further reduced while using low voltage power supply.
首先,以组成蓝牙WPAN的基本元素蓝牙微微网为主要研究对象,建立了AWGN信道中的蓝牙微微网数据传输模型。根据蓝牙协议规定的数据收发机制、数据分组的结构纠检错算法和重传机制,分析了影响蓝牙微微网数据吞吐量性能的因素,推导了在AWGN信道中蓝牙微微网的数据吞吐量公式。
其次,根据影响蓝牙微微网数据吞吐量性能的因素,采用多种方法进行改型来提高其数据吞吐量性能。针对大功率噪声干扰情况,设计了大发射功率的改型蓝牙模块来提高数据通信中的信噪比来抵消噪声的影响；设计了多频段改型蓝牙模块,采用规避噪声干扰严重的频段来提高蓝牙微微网的数据吞吐量；提出使用MSK调制解调来替换原有的GFSK调制解调,利用MSK在小信噪比情况下的良好性能来改善蓝牙微微网的数据吞吐量性能。针对2/3FEC纠错算法的性能不足,提出使用BCH纠错编码来对原有技术进行改型,通过提高数据分组的纠错能力来达到目的。结合RSSI功能,通过设计更好的系统级软件来实现数据收发时的自适应分组选择算法,使蓝牙微微网始终处于最佳的收发状态,达到数据吞吐量的最大值。仿真和测试的结果证明,以上采用的方法都能有效的达到目的。
再次,为了提高WPAN的数据传输安全性能,分析蓝牙现有的安全机制,根据芯片设计实现的要求将实现方法划分为软件实现和硬件实现。针对硬件实现的数据加密采用的E0加密算法的不足,设计了两种方案来对其进行改型。其一是使用钟控互缩序列生成器对原有算法进行加固,这样可以将对原有加密算法进行攻击的线性复杂度从O(249)提高到O(268)；另一方案是对数据进行二次加密,在数据进入蓝牙处理流程之前,使用AES算法对其先进行一次加密,这样即使E0算法被破解,得到的也是AES的密文而不是原始数据。而对于安全性的提升,AES算法的加密级别毋庸置疑。
然后,本文从整体考虑WPAN的数据传输性能,数据传输安全性由底层蓝牙微微网提供,而WPAN的数据吞吐量并不完全由蓝牙微微网的数据吞吐量决定。本文建立了宏观的WPAN数据传输模型,推导出了WPAN数据吞吐量表达式,分析了影响其数据吞吐量性能的因素,证明蓝牙微微网采用的跳频算法的互相关性能在其中起主要作用。在分析了蓝牙现有跳频算法的互相关性能之后,提出了使用Safer+算法,AES算法和基于Chebyshev映射的混沌算法改型的三种跳频算法来对其进行替换来提高WPAN的数据吞吐量性能。仿真和测试都证明,改型的跳频算法可以有效的提高WPAN的数据吞吐量。
最后,在标准蓝牙基带IP的基础上,验证了将各种改型算法加入其中的可行性,并实现了改型的蓝牙基带IP设计,给出了数字版图和各种性能参数,并且通过测试和仿真验证证明了其功能的完备性。另外由于AES算法在改型研究中多次用到,本文专门针对便携移动设备的要求,设计实现了低功耗、低资源消耗的AESIP,并给出了数字版图,面积功耗等参数。
More and more electronic consumer products use wireless technology as their air interface and they make up of the Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) around us. Now the WPAN has made our life become convenient and interesting. Many short distant wireless technologies can be used in the WPAN, but the Bluetooth is used most widely now. This dissertation studied the Bluetooth-based WPAN mainly. In order to improve the data throughput and data safety of the WPAN, its key technologies were studied and some new algorithms or techniques were used in the WPAN. This dissertation also contains the content that designing the improved Bluetooth system-on-chip (SoC) integrated circuit and using the new algorithms or techniques in the IC. The main contents of the dissertation are following as:
First, the Bluetooth piconet is regard as the studied object. Then the model that the piconet transfers data in additive white gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is built up. After analyzing the structure of the Bluetooth data, data resent scheme and algorithms of error correct, the factor which decides the data throughput of Bluetooth piconet is found. And the function of Bluetooth piconet data throughput is deduced.
Second, the factor which decides the piconet throughput is the signal noise ratio (SNR) in the AWGN channel. After studying the factor, some schemes which improve the piconet throughput are given. When the power of noise is too high, two schemes can weaken the influence of noise. One is that the Bluetooth device raise its output power, the other is that the Bluetooth device works on other channel. The first scheme can increase the SNR to improve the throughput, the latter can avoid the worse SNR channel to get better throughput. When the SNR is smaller and we can't raise the output power, we replace the GFSK modulation by MSK modulation. In this condition MSK modulation has better character. The piconet which uses MSK can achieve better throughput. And we select BCH code to protect the data payload, it can correct more error than 2/3FEC. That is to say, BCH code can improve the throughput. At last, we get the adaptive data packet type selected algorithm. With the RSSI function, it can keep the piconet throughput hold the high-point. The simulation and test results prove all of the schemes are available.
Third, all the WPAN data safety is provided by Bluetooth piconet. The Bluetooth safety scheme is analyzed. It can be divide two parts. One is realized by software, the other is completed by hardware. This dissertation studies the hardware part mainly, it is data encrypt. Now the Bluetooth uses Eo to complete data stream encrypt, Eo is one of stream cipher and has many shortage. Two schemes are used to strengthen the encryption. One is that the shrinking generator is added in Eo, the other is that the data pay load is re-encrypt by AES. The shrinking generator can increase the linear complex of stream cipher from O(249) to O(68), and the AES encrypt is very powerful encrypt. So the two schemes can improve the data safety of WPAN.
Fourth, the macroscopical WPAN data throughput is studied, all piconets are regard as a whole and every piconet is one element of the WPAN. The WPAN data throughput model is built, and the function of WPAN throughput is deduced. The result is that the hamming correlation of Bluetooth frequency hopping (FH) sequence is the most important factor. After analyzing the existing Bluetooth FH algorithm, we use Safer+, AES and chaotic algorithm to rebuild it. The simulation and test results can improve that the new FH algorithm can increase the WPAN throughput.
Last, this dissertation designs the improved Bluetooth baseband IP with those schemes and algorithms, and gets the digital layout and parameters. The test and simulation results prove that the improved Bluetooth baseband IP has all designed functions. We also design the AES IP. The re-encrypt scheme and improved AES FH algorithm need it. It is suitable for the portable devices, and the power consumption could be further reduced while using low voltage power supply.
引文
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