论企业的文化管理与文化建设
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摘要
随着知识经济的到来，企业之间的竞争将不再完全是精良设备和雄厚财力的较量，而更多的是企业间智力资本与文化积淀间的对抗。企业的管理重心开始向“人”转移，对内强调员工是企业的主体，对外强调顾客满意；企业管理开始侧重于文化管理，通过建立适宜企业生存和发展的企业文化，提高企业的凝聚力、向心力和员工的归属感，激发优秀人才的创新意识和创造能力，提高企业的信誉，加强顾客对企业的忠诚感。
本文的研究目的就是通过对企业文化的内涵及其在企业管理中的作用等方面的分析、归纳来探讨企业文化建设、文化管理的基本内容与发展思路，并在此基础上研究中国企业文化管理中的问题及对策。
首先，通过当前企业文化基本理论的叙述来对其基本内涵加以说明；并通过中西企业文化的对比研究发现中国的企业文化一般较具稳定性和包容性；而西方的企业文化则更具开放性和兼容性，更强调变异的重要性和理性的硬管理方式；在现代知识经济时代，我国的企业则应在充分认识到中西企业文化差异的基础上，将中国的思想文化基因与西方的管理科学技术切实地融合起来。
其次，通过企业文化在提高企业竞争力、管理智力资本，维护
商誉信用方面的作用以及与经营业绩之间的关系来阐述企业文化管
理的重要性;并着重通过精神文化、制度文化与外层文化三个方面
来论述企业文化在文化管理中的具体表现;同时，分析了当前文化
建设的核心观念和影响因素，指出了企业文化建设的基本框架和指
导原则。
最后，文中对我国企业文化管理中的现状进行一了总结，指出了
我国企业进行文化管理的发展方向、思路与建议。认为我国的企业
文化管理应坚持人本观念，贯穿创新变革精神，着眼于跨区域、跨
文化经营以及与大环境的协调;抓住机遇，从自身实际情况出发，
扎实地开展企业文化建设。
With the emerging of knowledge economy, the competition between enterprises doesn't focus purely on the field of advanced equipment and ground finance, but on the field of inherent intelligence assets and corporation culture. The core of the enterprise management is changed to human aspect. From the inside aspect, employees become the main body of the enterprise and from the outside aspect, customer satisfaction get sufficient emphasis. The management of enterprise is inclined to the management of corporation culture. Through the establishment of suitable corporation culture beneficial for the survival and development of enterprise, the cohesion and responsibility from employee will be won, the innovation and creativity of talented employee will be simulated, the credit and reputation of enterprise will be improved, and the fidelity of customer will be strengthened.
In this thesis, the connotation of corporation culture and its function in the corporation management are analyzed, and then the basic content and development methodology of the construction of corporation culture and culture management are exploited. Meanwhile, the research on the problem and solution existed in Chinese corporation culture management is carried out.
Firstly, the connation of corporation culture is described here and the comparison of corporation cultures between the western country and Chinese is carried out. It can be found that the Chinese corporation culture is usually stable and containing, and however the western corporation culture is open and inclusive. Therefore, in the new knowledge economy era, the Chinese ideology and national culture should be integrated perfectly with the western technology of management on the basis of complete understanding the corporation culture difference between western and Chinese enterprise.
Secondly, the importance of corporation culture is verified through the explanation of corporate culture function associated with improvement of enterprise's competency, management of intelligent assets, enhancement of enterprise's credit and reputation and creation of economic profit. And the substantial embodiment of corporation culture in the corporation management is mainly discussed through the aspects of the culture pertained to spirit, regulation and outer layer. The basic frame and principle of the construction of corporation culture is also proposed on the basis of the analysis of its nuclear concepts and limiting factors.
Finally, the current status of Chinese corporation culture management is described and the future trend, idea and suggestion of its development are proposed. It is suggested that Chinese corporation culture management should insist on the concept of human-basis, stress the innovation and creation, pay attention to multi-region and multi-culture strategy and harmony with the environment. The corporation culture management should be carried out from own specific conditions of various corporations.
本文的研究目的就是通过对企业文化的内涵及其在企业管理中的作用等方面的分析、归纳来探讨企业文化建设、文化管理的基本内容与发展思路，并在此基础上研究中国企业文化管理中的问题及对策。
首先，通过当前企业文化基本理论的叙述来对其基本内涵加以说明；并通过中西企业文化的对比研究发现中国的企业文化一般较具稳定性和包容性；而西方的企业文化则更具开放性和兼容性，更强调变异的重要性和理性的硬管理方式；在现代知识经济时代，我国的企业则应在充分认识到中西企业文化差异的基础上，将中国的思想文化基因与西方的管理科学技术切实地融合起来。
其次，通过企业文化在提高企业竞争力、管理智力资本，维护
商誉信用方面的作用以及与经营业绩之间的关系来阐述企业文化管
理的重要性;并着重通过精神文化、制度文化与外层文化三个方面
来论述企业文化在文化管理中的具体表现;同时，分析了当前文化
建设的核心观念和影响因素，指出了企业文化建设的基本框架和指
导原则。
最后，文中对我国企业文化管理中的现状进行一了总结，指出了
我国企业进行文化管理的发展方向、思路与建议。认为我国的企业
文化管理应坚持人本观念，贯穿创新变革精神，着眼于跨区域、跨
文化经营以及与大环境的协调;抓住机遇，从自身实际情况出发，
扎实地开展企业文化建设。
With the emerging of knowledge economy, the competition between enterprises doesn't focus purely on the field of advanced equipment and ground finance, but on the field of inherent intelligence assets and corporation culture. The core of the enterprise management is changed to human aspect. From the inside aspect, employees become the main body of the enterprise and from the outside aspect, customer satisfaction get sufficient emphasis. The management of enterprise is inclined to the management of corporation culture. Through the establishment of suitable corporation culture beneficial for the survival and development of enterprise, the cohesion and responsibility from employee will be won, the innovation and creativity of talented employee will be simulated, the credit and reputation of enterprise will be improved, and the fidelity of customer will be strengthened.
In this thesis, the connotation of corporation culture and its function in the corporation management are analyzed, and then the basic content and development methodology of the construction of corporation culture and culture management are exploited. Meanwhile, the research on the problem and solution existed in Chinese corporation culture management is carried out.
Firstly, the connation of corporation culture is described here and the comparison of corporation cultures between the western country and Chinese is carried out. It can be found that the Chinese corporation culture is usually stable and containing, and however the western corporation culture is open and inclusive. Therefore, in the new knowledge economy era, the Chinese ideology and national culture should be integrated perfectly with the western technology of management on the basis of complete understanding the corporation culture difference between western and Chinese enterprise.
Secondly, the importance of corporation culture is verified through the explanation of corporate culture function associated with improvement of enterprise's competency, management of intelligent assets, enhancement of enterprise's credit and reputation and creation of economic profit. And the substantial embodiment of corporation culture in the corporation management is mainly discussed through the aspects of the culture pertained to spirit, regulation and outer layer. The basic frame and principle of the construction of corporation culture is also proposed on the basis of the analysis of its nuclear concepts and limiting factors.
Finally, the current status of Chinese corporation culture management is described and the future trend, idea and suggestion of its development are proposed. It is suggested that Chinese corporation culture management should insist on the concept of human-basis, stress the innovation and creation, pay attention to multi-region and multi-culture strategy and harmony with the environment. The corporation culture management should be carried out from own specific conditions of various corporations.
引文
【1】刘光明，《企业文化》(第二版)，经济管理出版社，北京，2001年6月
【2】Catherine Voynnet Fourboul, Frank Bournois;Strategic Communication with Employees in Large European Companies: A typology; European Management Journal; 1999, 17(2), p204-217.
【3】Richard C. Dorf; Tthe Corporate Culture as a Tool Technology Management; Engineering Management International; 1984, No.2, p189-193.
【4】谭伟东，《西方企业文化纵横——当代企业管理思想》，北京大学出版社，北京，2001年8月
【5】赵琼，国外企业文化研究进展，www.yahoo.com.cn, 2001/09/05
【6】陈春花，企业文化的改造与创新，《北京大学学报》，1999，No．3；p52-57
【7】朱枝富，论儒家思想与现代管理的艺术契合，《管理科学》，2001，9；p61-63
【8】卢忠仁，《老子》的智慧与中国人的谋略，《管理科学》，2001，12；p50
【9】林正大， 中国传统文化与企业竞争力，《中外管理》，1999，6；p25-27
【10】洪智敏，知识经济：对传统经济理论的挑战，《经济研究》，1998，6；p36-39
【11】罗蕾，双赢与竞争，《江苏企业处理》，2001，12；p45-17
【12】张静抒，让员工的激情点燃企业成功的火焰-激情管理，《管理科学》，2001，11；p35-37
【13】钟国栋，从政策竞争到信用竞争，《中国经营报》，2002/04/18
【14】周齐武，吴安妮；台湾制造业企业文化与绩效之关系，《台、港、澳及海外管理学》，2001，5；p13-17
【15】Eric Flamholtz; Corporate Culture and the Bottom Line; European Management Journal; 2001,19(3), p268-275
【16】刘光明，海尔的文化战略和理念营造，《改革月报》，2001，No．6：p57-5
【17】范德宽，五粮液：文化力推动经济力，《企业家信息》，2002，1；p101-105
【18】王延中，企业文化的中性与张力——基于旭日集团企业文化调查的思考，《经济管理·新管理》，2001，11；p67-74
【19】松下幸之助，《松下幸之助管理全集》，企业管理出版社，北京，1999
【20】贾春峰，对二十一世纪中国企业文化发展趋势的几点看法，www.yahoo.com.cn,2001/9/5(摘门《企业文化》2000年10)
【21】李桂荣，中国企业文化深层解构，www.yahoo.com.cn,2001/09/05
【22】刘洪儒，“品格第一”的文化训练，《中外管理》，1999，6：p20-24
【23】夫正，从GE神话看接班人文化．《管理科学》，2001，12；p12-13
【24】Judy S.L.Tsui; The impact of culture on the relationship between budgetary participation, management accounting systems, and managerial performance: An analysis of Chinese and Western managers; The international Journal of Accounting; 2001(36); p125-146
【25】梁稳根，企业文化塑造，《中国乡镇企业》，2001，8；p59-61
【26】明略市场策划(上海)：品质、知名度和形象国内品牌不敌洋品牌，《中国经营报》，2002/04/01
【27】零点上海分公司：牛奶、啤酒本土品牌提及率第一，《中国经营报》2002/04/15
【28】屈陆民，一对一：客户关系管理的顶尖战略，《中国经营报》，2002/04/22
【29】任文，企业文化建没的核心因子是什么，www.yahoo.com.cn,2001/09/05(摘自《工人日报》)
【30】Zahir Irani , John M.Sharp: Integrating continuous improvement and
innovation into a corporate culture a case study: Technovation :1907,17(4);p199-205
【31】Bill Williamson; Creativity, the corporate curriculum and the future: a case study; Futures; 2001(33); p541-555
【32】关培兰，未来企业文化建设的十大要点，《中外企业文化》，2000，9，p14-15
【33】M.Ronald Buckley,etc.; Ethical issues in human resources systems; Human Resource Management Review; 2001 (11); p11-29
【34】黄钦，韩国家电绝地重生，《中国经营报》，2002/05/13
【35】胡斌、破解企业文化迷阵——透析金山公司的企业文化，《中国乡镇企业》，2001，10：p47-48
【36】于正，张佰华，唐林芳，企业文化的理想模式初探对彼得斯、科特等人有关论断的研究，《中外企业文化》，2000，4；p58-60
【37】阿诺尔特．魏斯曼，《战略管理——成功五要素》，华夏出版社，北京，2001，1：p14
【38】抑扬，企业文化的基本观念—本刊11届企业文化高级研讨班上报告摘要，《中外管理》，1999，6 p9-14
【39】21世纪企业文化发展的六大趋势，www.yahoo.com.cn,2001/9/5(摘自《中外企业文化》)
【2】Catherine Voynnet Fourboul, Frank Bournois;Strategic Communication with Employees in Large European Companies: A typology; European Management Journal; 1999, 17(2), p204-217.
【3】Richard C. Dorf; Tthe Corporate Culture as a Tool Technology Management; Engineering Management International; 1984, No.2, p189-193.
【4】谭伟东，《西方企业文化纵横——当代企业管理思想》，北京大学出版社，北京，2001年8月
【5】赵琼，国外企业文化研究进展，www.yahoo.com.cn, 2001/09/05
【6】陈春花，企业文化的改造与创新，《北京大学学报》，1999，No．3；p52-57
【7】朱枝富，论儒家思想与现代管理的艺术契合，《管理科学》，2001，9；p61-63
【8】卢忠仁，《老子》的智慧与中国人的谋略，《管理科学》，2001，12；p50
【9】林正大， 中国传统文化与企业竞争力，《中外管理》，1999，6；p25-27
【10】洪智敏，知识经济：对传统经济理论的挑战，《经济研究》，1998，6；p36-39
【11】罗蕾，双赢与竞争，《江苏企业处理》，2001，12；p45-17
【12】张静抒，让员工的激情点燃企业成功的火焰-激情管理，《管理科学》，2001，11；p35-37
【13】钟国栋，从政策竞争到信用竞争，《中国经营报》，2002/04/18
【14】周齐武，吴安妮；台湾制造业企业文化与绩效之关系，《台、港、澳及海外管理学》，2001，5；p13-17
【15】Eric Flamholtz; Corporate Culture and the Bottom Line; European Management Journal; 2001,19(3), p268-275
【16】刘光明，海尔的文化战略和理念营造，《改革月报》，2001，No．6：p57-5
【17】范德宽，五粮液：文化力推动经济力，《企业家信息》，2002，1；p101-105
【18】王延中，企业文化的中性与张力——基于旭日集团企业文化调查的思考，《经济管理·新管理》，2001，11；p67-74
【19】松下幸之助，《松下幸之助管理全集》，企业管理出版社，北京，1999
【20】贾春峰，对二十一世纪中国企业文化发展趋势的几点看法，www.yahoo.com.cn,2001/9/5(摘门《企业文化》2000年10)
【21】李桂荣，中国企业文化深层解构，www.yahoo.com.cn,2001/09/05
【22】刘洪儒，“品格第一”的文化训练，《中外管理》，1999，6：p20-24
【23】夫正，从GE神话看接班人文化．《管理科学》，2001，12；p12-13
【24】Judy S.L.Tsui; The impact of culture on the relationship between budgetary participation, management accounting systems, and managerial performance: An analysis of Chinese and Western managers; The international Journal of Accounting; 2001(36); p125-146
【25】梁稳根，企业文化塑造，《中国乡镇企业》，2001，8；p59-61
【26】明略市场策划(上海)：品质、知名度和形象国内品牌不敌洋品牌，《中国经营报》，2002/04/01
【27】零点上海分公司：牛奶、啤酒本土品牌提及率第一，《中国经营报》2002/04/15
【28】屈陆民，一对一：客户关系管理的顶尖战略，《中国经营报》，2002/04/22
【29】任文，企业文化建没的核心因子是什么，www.yahoo.com.cn,2001/09/05(摘自《工人日报》)
【30】Zahir Irani , John M.Sharp: Integrating continuous improvement and
innovation into a corporate culture a case study: Technovation :1907,17(4);p199-205
【31】Bill Williamson; Creativity, the corporate curriculum and the future: a case study; Futures; 2001(33); p541-555
【32】关培兰，未来企业文化建设的十大要点，《中外企业文化》，2000，9，p14-15
【33】M.Ronald Buckley,etc.; Ethical issues in human resources systems; Human Resource Management Review; 2001 (11); p11-29
【34】黄钦，韩国家电绝地重生，《中国经营报》，2002/05/13
【35】胡斌、破解企业文化迷阵——透析金山公司的企业文化，《中国乡镇企业》，2001，10：p47-48
【36】于正，张佰华，唐林芳，企业文化的理想模式初探对彼得斯、科特等人有关论断的研究，《中外企业文化》，2000，4；p58-60
【37】阿诺尔特．魏斯曼，《战略管理——成功五要素》，华夏出版社，北京，2001，1：p14
【38】抑扬，企业文化的基本观念—本刊11届企业文化高级研讨班上报告摘要，《中外管理》，1999，6 p9-14
【39】21世纪企业文化发展的六大趋势，www.yahoo.com.cn,2001/9/5(摘自《中外企业文化》)